Chemical modification of nylon 6 and polyester fabrics by ozone‐gas treatment

In a previous article, we reported on the ozone‐gas treatment of wool and silk fabrics in relation to the gas‐phase processing of textile fabrics. The treatment incorporated an oxygen element into the fiber surface and contributed to an increase in water penetration into the fabric. In this study, nylon 6 and polyester fabrics were treated with ozone gas in the same way as that of the wool and silk fabrics. The treatment incorporated much more oxygen into the fiber surface in the form of ? COH and ? COOH, as shown by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. Water penetration increased considerably with treatment, and the apparent dyeing rate and equilibrium dye uptake were also improved, especially for the polyester fabric, despite an increase in the crystallinity. Therefore, it seemed that the treatment brought about a change not only in the fiber surface but also in the internal structure of the fibers (the crystalline and amorphous regions) with regard to the dyeing behavior. Further, the mechanical characteristics of the ozone‐gas‐treated polyester and nylon 6 fabrics were measured with a Kawabata evaluation system apparatus. The shearing modulus and hysteresis widths increased with treatment, especially for the polyester fabric. Therefore, it was clear that the treatment caused a change in the fabric hand to crisp. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1344–1348, 2006     

Flame-retardant viscose–polyester fabrics

For many purposes the natural-synthetic fiber-blend fabrics are more suitable than pure natural or synthetic products. It is often possible to obtain a maximum in clothing and textile technical properties by compensating the defects of one fiber by using an other totally different fiber. Many problems, however, have arisen in the production of flame-retardent fabrics because the use of synthetic fibers often makes the fire retardancy less effective. In our 2-year research project different fire-retardant (FR) viscose–polyesters fabrics were prapared at first in the laboratory scale. The natural type raw materials were Modal Prima viscose and normal FR–viscose cotton type staple fibers. The synthetic raw materials were FR–polyesters of the same type with two different flame retardants. Test fabrics were knitted in the laboratory by using seven blended yarns in the ratios 100/0, 80/20, 65/35, and 50/50 and vice versa. Cotton type PVC–fiber was also used in some experiments. All these test fabrics were also finished chemically by using normal crease-resistant (DMU, DMEU, DMDHEU, and TMM) and flameretardant (N,-methylolphosphonopropionamide and THPC) finishing chemicals. The textile and fire-retardant properties of the original and finished fabrics were estimated by using addon, tensile strength, LOI-value, and vertical flame test determinations. The mechanism of flame retardancy was also studied with DSC technique, P- and N-analysis and char investigations. The test results of viscose/polyester studies were compared with the results of cotton/polyester studies. After laboratory studies the best methods for FR–viscose/polyester fabric production were chosen, and the fabrics were manufactured. The fabrics were home-washed 20–50 times, and the textile and FR-properties were determined after each 10 washings. These results were again compared with results of cotton/polyester fabrics.     

Combination of Dyeing Method and Ozone After-Treatment to Apply Natural Dyes on to Cotton Fabrics

The textile industry has an important place in global marketing and trade. Both production and consumption of cotton and cotton-based materials were also considerably important. Until now, the essential term for the textile industry can be summarized as product diversity. However, today, in addition, the demand for natural and organic products has been in an increasing trend. In this respect, the use of natural dyes has become popular again. However, the need to use mordants, especially metal salts, is the most important dilemma in terms of natural production. This study was aimed to show the usability of ozone gas with natural dyeing and to introduce an alternative production that avoids use of mordants. It was observed that different ozone gas applications can be used to obtain color diversity from the same natural dye source, which at present is achieved by using different mordants. On the other hand, for the tested dyes, different fastnesses were analyzed in terms of the effect of ozone gas treatment style and different mordants. It was found that in general the tested natural dyes have good fastness values except for light fastnesses. The use of ozone gas only improved the wet rubbing fastness values when ozone gas was applied directly to the wet dyed sample. For other fastnesses, ozone did not show any significant effect.     

Ozone,Hydrogen Peroxide/Ozone And UV/Ozone Treatment Of Chromium- And Copper-Complex Dyes: Decolorization And Metal Release

Metal-complex azo dyes constitute a significant fraction of the dyes used in the textile industry and exhibit properties such as superior light- and wash-fastness. While effluent color is not always regulated, the textile finishing industry often decolorizes wastewater using processes including chemical oxidation. In this study, the use of ozone, hydrogen peroxide/ozone and UV/ozone oxidant systems was examined for treatment of two common metal-complex (premetalized) dyes, Acid Black 52 (chromium) and Direct Blue 80 (copper). Oxidant dosages required for decolorization of these dyes were determined. The effect of bicarbonate alkalinity on the ozonation and the hydrogen peroxide/ozone processes also was examined.     

壳聚糖及其衍生物在天然织物整理中的应用研究进展

壳聚糖具有良好的抗菌性、吸湿性、反应活性和成纤性,作为新型织物整理剂在纺织产业具有广泛的应用前景。本文综述了近年来壳聚糖及其衍生物在天然织物抗菌、染色、阻燃、防静电、抗紫外和防毡缩等整理中的应用,并就其赋予织物各项性能的机理及影响因素进行讨论。采用对壳聚糖进行改性、与金属化合物的复合使用和对织物表面进行超声、等离子等预处理的方法有利于改善其对织物的整理效果,并对织物的各项物理性能起积极作用。未来壳聚糖基整理剂可在加强某个单一性能的基础上,选择性地引入多个功能性基团,合成符合应用需求的环保型多功能整理剂。     

线性聚醚氨基嵌段有机硅柔软剂的应用特点

以端环氧基硅油、聚醚胺和端环氧基聚醚为主要原料,合成了线性聚醚氨基嵌段有机硅柔软剂;乳化后用于织物的整理。考察了线性聚醚氨基嵌段有机硅柔软剂对织物的白度、摩擦牢度、防水性能和撕破强力等的影响,并用FT-IR表征了产物结构。结果表明,与采用传统有机硅柔软剂氨基硅油和亲水聚醚改性硅油整理的织物相比,经线性聚醚氨基嵌段有机硅柔软剂整理织物的白度、摩擦牢度、防水性能和撕破强力等具有明显的优势,并可很好地平衡手感和亲水性之间的矛盾,具有优良的性能。     

Application of ozone gas for the stripping of fabric ink‐jet‐printed with reactive dyes

In this study, a novel process utilizing ozone was carried out for colour stripping of fabrics misprinted with reactive dyes in ink‐jet machines. The results of ozone applications were compared with conventional colour stripping process performed by thiourea dioxide (TUDO) and soda ash. In trials, cotton‐based and viscose‐based woven fabrics were used as these fabrics were the most utilized at the textile mill in which this study was performed. Different ozone treatment times (30, 45, 60 or 90 min) were tested to find optimum process time and it was found that process times depended on fabric type. Particularly, colour stripping on high density and thick fabrics were harder than low density and thin fabric types. Fabric strengths, whiteness indexes and chemical oxygen demand (COD) values were measured. Also energy, chemical and water consumptions were calculated. Consequently, it was found that the reduction of the COD value of effluent was up to 98%. The calculations showed that the savings in time and cost in ozone treatment were up to 77%. Satisfactory colour stripping and tensile strengths were achieved.     

Introductory remarks

Surface active agents are used in the textile industry during the processing of fibers into yarns and fabrics, the finishing of leather products and during the removal of soil from textile products by laundering or dry cleaning. In these introductory remarks to the symposium, attention is directed to the phenomena occurring at solid-liquid interfaces during these processes. The properties of the surface active agents and the solvents used, the surface free energy and structure of the polymeric textile products and other, often poorly defined, surface chemical and physical characteristics of the products influence the interactions of these agents. The interactions of surface active agents, often derived from fats and oils, dissolved or dispersed in liquids, with textile materials, including natural products such as cotton, wool and leather, as well as man-made fibers, are considered in this symposium. One of eight papers being published from the Symposium “Surface Active Agents in the Textile Industry,” presented at the AOCS meeting in New Orleans, April 1970. So. Utiliz. Res. Dev. Div., ARS, USDA.     

Low-temperature plasma as the basis for creation of modern textile chemical technologies

The prospects for use of plasma technologies in the textile industry finishing plant in preparation, dyeing, and final finishing of fabrics of different chemical nature are evaluated. It is shown that plasma has the greatest effect on unbleached textile materials due to the important change in their hydrophilicity. Rational schemes of including the stage of plasma activation in finishing of fabrics to increase product quality and economy of manufacture are proposed.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 6, pp. 32–37, November–December, 2004.     

舒适性聚酯纤维及其发展

做为最重要的纺织原材料,聚酯纤维在服装工业得到了比其它纤维更为广泛的应用。从服装的舒适性、舒适机理以及国外对聚酯纤维的舒适改性研究等方面进行了一些探讨,以期对有关的探索有所借鉴。     

Processing of plant fiber composites by liquid molding techniques: An overview

Lately, researchers around the world have developed effective chemical and physical treatments on plant fibers to improve their compatibility with polymeric matrices. In addition, the need of high performance fabrics produced from plant fibers has been addressed by many manufacturers of textile reinforcements. These facts have increased the use of natural fibers in the composite industry. Liquid composite molding (LCM) techniques are suitable for mass production of high‐quality composite parts. Basically, the reinforcement is compressed inside a mold and a thermosetting resin is injected to impregnate the fibers and fill the empty spaces in the mold. After the resin cures, the composite part is demolded. However, the processing of plant fiber–reinforced composites by the traditional techniques is not trivial, because the structure of plant fibers is more complex than that of synthetic fibers and due to their chemical composition rich in cellulose and hemicellulose, they are highly hydrophilic. This work presents a review on the main issues that arise during the processing of plant fiber reinforced composites by traditional liquid composite molding techniques. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:718–733, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Alkali resistance of a casein‐acrylonitrile graft copolymer fiber

The casein‐acrylonitrile graft copolymer fiber was treated in sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate solutions to evaluate its alkali resistance which was very important for wet processing. The weight loss and whiteness of the treated fibers were examined. UV spectra of the alkaline treatment solutions and IR spectra of the treated fibers were analyzed. The study showed that the fiber exhibited poor alkali resistance. Treating temperature, alkali concentration, and strength affected the weight loss and whiteness of the treated fibers. A high weight loss was found even at low alkali concentration, and the obvious yellowing was observed at higher alkali concentration and temperature. The weight loss was primarily due to the hydrolysis of casein, whereas the yellowing was caused by the hydrolysis of nitrile groups and induced formation of C?N conjugated system. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Oleochemical surfactants and lubricants in the textile industry

This paper reviews the published literature on the uses of oleochemical surfactants and lubricants in the textile industry with a dual emphasis on textile technology and effects that oleochemicals can have on that technology. Oleochemical derivatives are used in the textile industry as surfactants, emulsifiers, wetting agents, antistatic agents, softeners, antimicrobial agents, water and oil repellents, antisoil agents, lubricants, cohesive agents and dyeing assistants. The relationship between the amount of fatty acid derivatives consumed in textile operations and global fiber production is discussed. Small amounts of oleochemicals acting at interfaces are invaluable in their effects on textiles. Oleochemical surfactant chemical and physical properties of importance in textile operations are described, and the relationships between certain properties of oleochemicals and their performance on textile fibers are reviewed. The basic principles and technology of spin finishes and textile processing aids are discussed. The effects of oleochemical surfactants in dyeing and as finishing agents for textile fibers are described briefly. The conclusion presents the prognosis for the future of oleochemicals in the textile industry.     

高性能聚酯纤维的产业化进程和新产品开发

从新原料合成、新聚酯工艺、与纺织染整相结合的纤维加工技术和开拓新市场的角度,概述了世界范围内高性能聚酯纤维新产品开发的工业化进程。高性能聚酯纤维以及新产品的特点主要体现在四个方面:一是采用包括生物基在内的新型原料,改善纤维的物理化学性能;二是通过现有聚酯生产装置的完善改造,实施大批量低成本的"差异化"产品;三是从纤维产业链的角度,延伸纤维的可加工性能;四是不断满足包括生物可降解在内的可持续发展的市场需求。     

间位芳纶基导电纤维多功能织物的后整理工艺

对间位芳纶基导电纤维多功能混纺棉织物进行了阻燃和拒水拒油整理,采用单因素试验,研究了整理剂质量浓度、烘焙温度和时间对织物性能的影响。试验得出:整理剂质量浓度的变化、烘焙温度的升高以及烘焙时间的延长,均对织物的阻燃性、拒水拒油性、抗静电性及白度有影响,提出了适合生产要求的后整理工艺,为开发出多功能织物提供了理论依据。     

Ozone‐gas treatment of cationic dyeable polyester and poly(butylene terephthalate) fibers

Cationic dyeable polyester and poly(butylene terephthalate) fabrics were treated with ozone gas under atmospheric pressure and at a pressure of 0.1 MPa. The effect of the ozone‐gas treatment was investigated on the basis of electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, X‐ray diffraction, moisture regain, water absorption, and dyeing properties. The ozone‐gas treatment caused an increase in the oxygen content of each fiber. From the wave separation of C_1s, the oxygen was incorporated in the form of ? CO? and ? COO? on the fiber surface, and also, despite an increase in the water absorption, the fiber density as an index of crystallinity increased a little with the treatment. As the result, we concluded that the treatment caused a change not only on the fiber surface but also in the internal structure of both fibers. Then, it seemed that the treatment brought about an effect on the dyeing properties. The apparent dyeing rate with the cationic dye increased remarkably with the ozone‐gas treatment, whereas that with the disperse dye increased slightly. Therefore, it was clear that the ozone‐gas treatment caused a change not only in the fine structure but also in the dyeing behavior. These phenomena were the same as those of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2423–2429, 2007     

特种动物纤维上色素的成因及其防治

近年来市场上对毛织物的白净度及染色鲜艳度的要求越来越高。因此,毛织物的染色鲜艳度在很大程度上受到了毛先天性色素或加工过程所伴生的色素限制。本文就色素的成因及其防治的方法作出论述。     

Characterization of the draping behavior of jute woven fabrics for applications of natural‐fiber/epoxy composites

In this study, we investigated the draping behavior of jute woven fabric to study the feasibility of using natural fabrics in place of synthetic glass‐fiber fabrics. Draping behavior describes the in‐mold deformation of fabrics, which is vital for the end appearance and performance of polymer composites. The draping coefficient was determined with a common drapemeter for fabrics with densities of 228–765 g/m² and thread counts under different humidity and static dynamic conditions. The results were compared to glass‐fiber fabrics with close areal densities. Characterization of the jute fabrics was carried out to fill the knowledge gap about natural‐fiber fabrics and to ease their modeling. The tensile and bending stiffnesses and the shear coupling were also characterized for a plain woven jute fabric with a tensile machine, Shirley bending tester, and picture frame, respectively. As a case study, the draping and resin‐transfer molding of the jute fabric over a complex asymmetric form was performed to measure the geometrical conformance. The adoption of natural fibers as a substitute for synthetic fibers, where the strength requirements are satisfied, would thus require no special considerations for tool design or common practices. However, the use of natural fibers would lead to weight and cost reductions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 1453–1465, 2013     

我国染整工业的发展

我国印染布产量从1995年的136．5亿米，增加到2002年的210．87亿米，年均增长率为1428％，占世界纤维加工量25％-30％。原料、产品档次、花色品种。生产技术、印染机械档次和水平有了较大幅度的提高；染料、印染助剂等相关行业的发展也为染料工业的进步提供了相应条件。染整工业正在向技术密集型转变．大力开发多元化、满足不同市场层次的新产品．积极采用高效、环保的高新技术，不断提高我国纺织染整产品的档次，提高在国际市场上的竞争力。     

棉织物前处理洗涤废水的臭氧化处理及回用

采用自制的臭氧处理装置对棉针织物退、煮、漂-浴处理中产生的棉织物前处理洗涤废水进行了连续在线处理,并回用到洗涤工序中,以代替原来的工业用水。从织物的白度和毛效方面研究了洗涤废水的回用效果,臭氧化处理后的废水经5次回用,白度的下降幅度在5个白度值以内。随着回用次数的增加,织物吸水性有所提高。各试样布在后续染色加工中产生的色差在0.25以内。试验结果表明,废水回用所产生的影响不大。