Efficient waveguide Bragg-deflection grating on LiNbO3

An efficient Bragg-deflection grating on x-cut LiNbO3, using proton exchange in benzoic acid through an aluminium grating mask, has been demonstrated. A deflection efficiency of 90% has been measured.     

基于PPLN晶体的可调谐太赫兹波辐射特性研究

提出了一种周期极化铌酸锂(PPLN)晶体差频产生太 赫兹(THz)波的新型结构。基于非线性晶体三波互作用理论模型,根据周 期极化掺镁铌酸锂(PPMgLN)晶体的准相位匹配原理和掺铒光纤激光器(EDFL)双波长输出激光 特性,并结合晶体折 射率差公式,理论分析了工作温度及极化反转光栅周期对其输出THz波的影响,给出 一定频率范围内其 输出波长连续可调谐的实现方法。本文系统结构简单、成本低和调谐容易,激光器可室温 运转。     

硅棱镜耦合输出THz波参量振荡器的实验研究

利用一块MgO:LiNbO3晶体,采用Si棱镜耦合出射方式构成太赫兹(THz)波参量振荡器,实现了高效可调谐的THz波输出,调谐范围为0.95～2.10THz。在1.80THz处,当泵浦能量为101mJ时,产生的THz波平均功率为580nW,THz波单脉冲能量为58nJ,THz波能量转换效率为5.74×10-7;同时产生的Stokes能量为2.7mJ。实验中,观察到了一阶和二阶Stokes光,一阶Stokes光与泵浦光的频差等于产生的THz波的频率。     

Novel beam-to-waveguide coupler for LiNbO3 optical waveguides

The principle and operation is reported of a novel coupler for optical LiNbO3 : Ti waveguides. As the coupling mechanism, the radiation of the energy of the semileaky TE-like mode into the substrate due to the crystal anisotropy is used. Efficient polarisation-dependent coupling can be obtained while retaining the planar configuration and without having to use any other materials or structures except for the LiNbO3 waveguide itself.     

Integrated optical 4×4 star coupler on LiNbO3

A novel low-loss passive planar 4×4 star coupler consisting of four interconnected 3 dB couplers was fabricated on x-cut Ti: LiNbO3 using z-propagation. Almost even distribution was achieved for both TE and TM polarised light incident on any of the four inputs. Excess loss including fibre coupling was <4.2 dB.     

High-speed pulse generation using a sinusoidally driven Ti:LiNbO3 directional coupler travelling-wave optical modulator

We report the generation of 47 ps (FWHM) optical pulses at a 5 Gbit/s repetition rate using a sinusoidally driven Ti-LiNbO3 directional coupler modulator with travelling-wave electrodes By selective DC bias of the switch, these pulses are obtained without overdriving and without velocity matching of the electrical and optical waves.     

Non-polarization and high-coupling-efficiency coupler using multilevel grating structure

A multilevel grating coupler based on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) material structure is proposed to realize the coupling between waveguide and waveguide or waveguide and fiber. This coupler is compatible with the current fabrication facilities for complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology with vertical coupling. This structure can realize coupling when the beams with transverse electric (TE) polarization and transverse magnetic (TM) polarization are incident at the same time. The influences of the grating coupler parameters including wavelength, the thickness of waveguide layer, the thickness of SiO₂ layer and the number of steps on the TE mode and TM mode coupling efficiencies are discussed. Theory researches and simulation results indicate that the wavelength range is from 1533 nm to 1580 nm when the TE mode and TM mode coupling efficiencies are both more than 40% as the grating period is 0.99 μm. The coupling efficiencies of the incident TE and TM modes are 49.9% and 49.5% at the wavelength of 1565 nm, respectively, and the difference between them is only 0.4%.     

A broad-band waveguide grating coupler with a subwavelength grating mirror

A new diffractive device for light coupling between a planar optical waveguide and free space is proposed. The device utilizes a second-order waveguide grating to diffract the fundamental waveguide mode into two free propagating beams and a subwavelength grating (SWG) mirror to combine the two free propagating beams into a single beam. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations show that the SWG mirror improves the coupling efficiency of the waveguide fundamental mode into the single out-coupled beam from about 30% to 92%. A high efficiency (>90%) is predicted for a broad wavelength range of 1520-1580nm. The proposed device is compact (/spl sim/80 /spl mu/m in length) and it eliminates the need for blazing the waveguide grating.     

Semiconductor monolithic wavelength selective router using agrating switch integrated with a directional coupler

A semiconductor monolithic wavelength selective router is proposed. An electrically tunable grating switch is monolithically integrated with a directional coupler. The effect of sidelobe on the demultiplexing characteristics of the router is investigated, and it is shown that the sidelobes degrade the wavelength crosstalk and introduce a power penalty for demultiplexing characteristics. A phase-synchronized sampled grating is introduced to suppress the sidelobes, and wavelength router switching is observed in this structure. The extinction ratio is over 10 dB at a current injection of 25 mA. Using this structure, power-penalty-free wavelength selective routing at a 2.5 Gb/s wavelength-division-multiplexed NRZ random pattern is demonstrated     

X-band monolithic transmit-receive switch based on a stub directional coupler

A new circuit realization of X-band transmit-receive switch is proposed that is based on a PHEMT-controlled stub directional coupler. The operation of the switch is analyzed. The impedances of the stubs are optimized to yield a considerably larger bandwidth of the switch. It is shown that the circuit can serve as a building block for multithrow switches.     

铌酸锂晶体畴工程的研究及进展

利用准相位匹配技术,通过人为地在非线性晶体上制备出非线性系数的周期结构,来满足相位匹配条件,可以提高频率转换效率与扩大非线性晶体的应用波段范围,这是近年来光学非线性研究的重要发展方向。利用铌酸锂晶体畴工程制作极化周期结构,以实现准相位匹配技术是最为突出的例子。本文详细介绍了这一技术手段以及应用发展趋势。     

Simultaneous modulation and wavelength multiplexing with a tunable Ti:LiNbO3 directional coupler filter

We report a broadly tunable (85 ?/V) wavelength-selective Ti: LiNbO3-waveguide directional coupler, with which we demonstrate ?=1.3 ?m/? = 1.55 ?m multiplexing while simultaneously modulating the long-wavelength channel.     

Fiber Bragg grating interrogation and multiplexing with a 3×3coupler and a scanning filter

We present a new technique for fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor interrogation and multiplexing. The technique combines a scanning bandpass filter used to multiplex by wavelength multiple gratings in a single fiber, and an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder fiber interferometer made with a 3×3 coupler to detect strain-induced wavelength shifts. A demonstration system interrogates four gratings in a single fiber at a sampling rate up to 20 kHz, with a noise floor measured at less than 10 nϵ/√(Hz) above 0.1 Hz     

Narrow-band frequency discriminator using two monolithic crystal filters

An accurate and stable narrow-band frequency discriminator may be obtained by using two standard dual monolithic crystal filters in parallel, asynchronously tuned. Low deviation from linearity and steep gradient are possible. Theory and experiment are compared for a 10.7 MHz discriminator.     

Low-loss monolithic integration of balanced twin-photodetectorswith a 3 dB waveguide coupler for coherent lightwave receivers

Low-loss monolithic integration of a 3-dB waveguide coupler with twin photodetectors using large-mode size guides, mirror coupling, and low-capacitance lateral detectors is demonstrated. Waveguide-mirror integration introduces only ≈1 dB optical insertion loss at 1.54 μm wavelength, compared to top-illuminated detectors. Full balanced operation of the monolithic circuit with 33-dB local oscillator intensity noise suppression is demonstrated     

LiNbO3晶体的太赫兹参量振荡器设计

采用参量振荡方法实现太赫兹辐射(THz-wave Parametric Oscillator,TPO),因只需一个固定波长的泵浦源和一块非线性晶体,且具有非线性转换效率高、调谐简单而倍受瞩目.以LiNbO3晶体为例,采用Q调制的Nd:YAG激光器(1.064μm)为泵浦源,角度匹配的非共线相位匹配方式,设计了太赫兹参量振荡器,实现了当入射角α从8.2°变化到14°,相位匹配角θ相应地从16.2°变化到54.75°,太赫兹波与泵浦光之间的夹角β从8.84°～67.88°,闲频光从1.068μm变化到1.079 6μm,太赫兹波从284～74μm(1～4 THz)的连续太赫兹波振荡.     

波分复用双芯光子晶体光纤耦合器的设计

在双芯PCF的基础上设计一种新型定向耦合器,根据波导间相互耦合原理,采用时域有限差分法分析了该器件的光传输特性.并数值计算了双芯PCF的结构参量对耦合性能的影响,发现其耦合长度随着空气填充率d/A的减小而增大,随着传输波长λ的增大而减小.并基于双芯PCF结构,以常用通信波长为例,设计出0.85/1.55 μm,0.98...     

用Fe:LiNbO_3的实时散斑错位干涉仪

报道一种实时散斑错位干涉仪的实验室装置。采用Fe:LiNbO_3晶体作散斑照相的记录介质。晶体掺Fe量为0.1％摩尔,对λ=488nm波长的透过率<5％。进行散斑照相的同时在Fe:LiNbO_3晶体上形成象全息图。用此装置可以实时地测量物体的形变以及进行实时无损检验。     

A compact two-dimensional grating coupler used as a polarization splitter

We demonstrate a novel polarization splitter based on a two-dimensional grating etched in a silicon-on-insulator waveguide. The device couples orthogonal modes from a single-mode optical fiber into identical modes of two planar ridge waveguides. The extinction ratio is better than 18 dB in the wavelength range of 1530-1560 nm and the coupling efficiency is approximately 20%. The device is very compact and couples light only to transverse-electric modes of the planar waveguides. Therefore, it may be used in a polarization diversity configuration to implement a polarization insensitive photonic integrated circuit based on photonic crystal waveguides.     

非近轴光束下铌酸锂晶体的电光效应

为了研究电场一定时,光束在非近轴条件下铌酸锂晶体的电光效应,采用折射率椭球张量的循环坐标变换方法,理论上推导了光轴正交截面上折射率分布的解析式,讨论了折射率、相位延迟以及透射率与光束入射方向之间的关系,并且进行了实验验证,取得了透过率随光束与光轴夹角α的实验数据。结果表明,y方向加电场时,入射光小角度偏转将引起x方向感应折射率以及光束透射率的明显变化,而y方向的感应折射率不变;光束与光轴的夹角α对铌酸锂晶体电光性能的影响远远大于光矢在x-y平面与x轴正半轴的夹角β对其的影响;x方向加电场时感应折射率同y方向加电场时类似,但此时相位延迟更小,在0°~0.4399°夹角范围内,前者的透过率变化较后者慢,并且在0.45°之后呈现出交替变化的规律,当夹角为0.5°,0.680°等位置时,它们具有相同的透过率。这一结果对利用角度调节以改善铌酸锂晶体的电光性能具有一定的指导意义。