共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
In China, a large amount of serpentine tailings and waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) are produced every year. Serpentine tailings contain about 43% SiO 2 and WPCBs contain about 20% Cu. Reusing their resources can not only solve the problem of environmental pollution, but also produce certain economic benefits. In this study, waste-based SiO 2 support, waste-based Cu–Cu 2O and Cu–Cu 2O/SiO 2 photocatalyst were prepared using serpentine tailings and WPCBs as Si and Cu sources. The waste-based SiO 2 of 750 nm particle size was obtained by precipitation of 0.7 mol/L Na 2SiO 3 solution from the serpentine tailings and its specific surface area reached 57.72 m 2/g after 600 °C calcination. Cu and the waste-based Cu–Cu 2O were loaded on the waste-based Cu 2O and SiO 2 support, respectively, and the phase structure of the catalysts has not changed by the characterization of SEM, XRD and XPS. The activity of the photocatalytic reduction of Cr (VI) with the waste-based catalysts showed in the following order: Cu 2O < Cu 2O/SiO 2<Cu–Cu 2O < Cu–Cu 2O/SiO 2, inferring by the investigation of photoelectric properties that Cu prevented the recombination of Cu 2O electron-hole pairs, the Cu–Cu 2O dispersed on SiO 2 support surface to obtain a higher specific surface area. The waste-based Cu–Cu 2O/SiO 2 photocatalyst showed no obvious deactivation after 5 cycles. The mechanism revealed that photogenerated electrons are the major reactive species for the photodegradation of Cr (VI). The study indicates that the waste-based Cu–Cu 2O/SiO 2 is potentially a developed, low-cost catalyst from sustainable resources. The production of Cu–Cu 2O/SiO 2 photocatalyst by using WPCBs and serpentine tailings represents the potential usage of waste into valuable material. 相似文献
2.
Generally, superhydrophilic self-cleaning coatings are prepared from semiconductors with photocatalytic properties. Organic pollutants attached to the coating surface can be degraded by its photocatalytic performance realizing a self-cleaning goal. Herein, SiO 2–TiO 2 composite particles were fabricated by the hydrolysis and precipitation of TiOSO 4, and SiO 2 microspheres were chosen as carriers, which are inexpensive and environmentally friendly. Then, superhydrophilic self-cleaning SiO 2–TiO 2 coatings were fabricated by spraying the composites on the surfaces of substrates. The morphology, structure and self-cleaning performance of the SiO 2–TiO 2 coating were characterized and tested. The results revealed that nano-TiO 2 was loaded on the surfaces of SiO 2 microspheres uniformly forming a hierarchical micro/nanostructure. The SiO 2–TiO 2 composite particles exhibited excellent photocatalytic degradation performance, and the degradation rate of methyl orange (10 ppm) was more than 98% under UV irradiation for 40 min. Furthermore, the coating prepared with the SiO 2–TiO 2 composite particles exhibited superhydrophilicity. A water droplet spreads completely on the coating surface in 0.35 s, and the contact angle reaches 0°. In addition, rhodamine B (RhB) and methylene blue (MB) on the coating surface can be degraded efficiently under sunlight irradiation. The SiO 2–TiO 2 composite particles can be sprayed directly on the surfaces of concrete, brick, wood, and glass slides. Therefore, the particles showed good adaptability to different substrates. The superhydrophilic property was due to the hydrophilicity of SiO 2 and TiO 2, the hierarchical micro/nanostructure of the SiO 2–TiO 2 composites, and the photoinduced superhydrophilicity of TiO 2. The above experimental results show that the as-prepared superhydrophilic self-cleaning SiO 2–TiO 2 coating has a large application potential. 相似文献
3.
Photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO 2) into valuable hydrocarbon such as methane (CH 4) using water as reducing agent is a good strategy for environment and energy applications. In this study, a facile and simple sol-gel method was employed for the synthesis of metal (Cu and Ag) loaded nanosized N/TiO 2 photocatalyst. The prepared photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, BET Surface area analyzer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV–vis diffuses reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic conversion of CO 2 into methane was carried out under visible light irradiation (λ≥420 nm) by prepared photocatalysts in order to evaluate the photocatalytic efficiency. The results demonstrate that Ag loaded N/TiO 2 showed enhanced photocatalytic performance for methane production from CO 2 compared to other Cu–N/TiO 2, N/TiO 2 and TiO 2 photocatalysts. The improvement in the photocatalytic activity could be attributed to high specific surface area, extended visible light absorption and suppressed recombination of electron – hole pair due to synergistic effects of silver and nitrogen in the Ag–N/TiO 2 photocatalyst. This study demonstrates that Ag–N/TiO 2 is a promising photocatalytic material for photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 into hydrocarbons under visible light irradiation. 相似文献
4.
SiO 2–TiO 2/montmorillonite composites were prepared under acidic, neutral and basic conditions and the solid acidity of the resulting composites were determined. All the SiO 2/TiO 2 ratio of the colloidal particles was set at 10 but the resulting SiO 2/TiO 2 ratios were significantly richer in TiO 2. The XRD patterns of the acidic composite showed expanding and broadening of the (001) reflection by intercalation of colloidal SiO 2–TiO 2 particles, but the neutral and basic composites showed only broadening of the reflections and no intercalation. The specific surface areas of the acidic, neutral and basic composites (375, 237 and 247 m 2/g, respectively) were much larger than of montmorillonite (6 m 2/g). The average pore sizes were about 4, 15 and 50 nm, and the amounts of solid acidic sites measured by the NH 3-TPD were 178, 95 and 86 µmol/g for the acidic, neutral and basic composites, respectively. The solid acid amount of the acidic composite was twice that of a commercial catalyst, K-10, (85 µmol/g) and much higher than the guest phase SiO 2–TiO 2 gel (16 µmol/g) or the host phase montmorillonite (6 µmol/g). The TPD peak temperatures reflect the acid strength, and were similar in all the samples, ranging from 175° to 200 °C. 相似文献
5.
An aerochitin–titania (TiO 2) composite was successfully synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and N 2 adsorption isotherms. The photocatalytic activity of the composite was investigated on the degradation of the model organic pollutant, methylene blue (MB) dye, under UV irradiation. The aerochitin–TiO 2 composite showed excellent adsorptive and photocatalytic activity with a degradation degree of 98% for MB. The first‐order rate constants for the photodegradation MB by TiO 2 nanoparticles and aerochitin–TiO 2 composite were found to be (3.49 ± 0.04) × 10 ?3 and (1.82 ± 0.02) × 10 ?2 min ?1. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 45908. 相似文献
6.
The composite semiconductor photocatalyst TiO 2/SiO 2 was prepared by template-hydrothermal method using carbon spheres as the template. The structural and optical properties of TiO 2/SiO 2 were characterized by XRD, SEM, BET, UV–Vis DRS, TG-DTA, PL techniques. The formation of hydroxyl radical on the surface of TiO 2/SiO 2 was studied with terephthalic acid as the probe molecule, combined with fluorescence technique. The results showed that the specific surface area of TiO 2/SiO 2 composite was 327.9 m 2/g, and the specific surface area of TiO 2/SiO 2 was larger than that of pure TiO 2. Photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B showed that TiO 2/SiO 2 composite oxide under visible light illumination 40 min, the degradation rate was 98.6 % and the degradation rate of pure TiO 2 was only 11.9 %. The apparent first-order rate constant of TiO 2/SiO 2 was 33 times that of pure TiO 2 and more than 6 times that of P25 when the molar ratio of Ti to Si was 1:1 under visible light irradiation. Moreover, it’s also as much as 5 times that of pure TiO 2 and is more than 1 times that of P25 under UV light irradiation 25 min. Based on the experimental results, ·O 2 ? and h + were suggested to be the major active species which was responsible for the degradation reaction. The increased photocatalytic activity of TiO 2/SiO 2 may be mainly attributed to effectively suppressing the recombination of hole/electron pairs. After the photocatalyst TiO 2/SiO 2 was reused 5 times, the degradation rate of rhodamine B could reach 89.2 % under visible light irradiation. Moreover, The composite semiconductor photocatalyst TiO 2/SiO 2 was selective towards the degradation of rhodamine B. 相似文献
7.
FeTiO 3/TiO 2, a new heterojunction-type photocatalyst working at visible light, was prepared by a simple sol–gel method. Not only did FeTiO 3/TiO 2 exhibit greatly enhanced photocatalytic activity in decomposing 2-propanol in gas phase and 4-chlorophenol in aqueous solution, but also it induced efficient mineralization of 2-propanol under visible light irradiation ( λ ≥ 420 nm). Furthermore, it showed a good photochemical stability in repeated photocatalytic applications. FeTiO 3 showed a profound absorption over the entire visible range, and its valence band (VB) position is close to that of TiO 2. The unusually high photocatalytic efficiency of the FeTiO 3/TiO 2 composite was therefore deduced to be caused by hole transfer between the VB of FeTiO 3 and TiO 2. 相似文献
8.
Effects of ferrite materials as supports (CoFe 2O 4, NiFe 2O 4, and Fe 3O 4) on nano-TiO 2 were elucidated by their use in the oxidation of methylene blue. These photocatalysts, which were synthesized by co-precipitation, were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS and VSM. The crystalline phase of TiO 2 onto magnetic MFe 2O 4 was formed by anatase and rutile. TiO 2/CoFe 2O 4 exhibited the strongest magnetic property of the prepared catalysts, and the photocatalytic efficiencies followed the order TiO 2/CoFe 2O 4 > TiO 2/NiFe 2O 4 > TiO 2/Fe 3O 4. MB decolorization was enhanced with the amount of TiO 2 on the photocatalyst, and was moderately affected by the extent of structural distortion of ferrite supports. 相似文献
9.
It is critical to develop an appropriate dye degrading technique to preserve the natural environment and human health owing to the dangerous water pollution caused by effluent dyes. So, in this work, a ZSM-5/TiO2/Ni photocatalyst was synthesized as a novel composite and used for degrading methylene blue dye in the solution. The sol–gel approach was used to immobilize titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the ZSM-5 surface, and the resulting photocatalyst was then modified using nickel nanoparticles to improve its photocatalytic performance. The nanocomposite was characterized using different tools such as FE-SEM, EDX, XRD, FT-IR, TGA, and UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The XRD confirmed that the synthesized composite has the characteristic TiO2 peaks. FE-SEM images of ZSM-5 exhibited rough, uneven, and jagged surfaces. A distinct shift in the morphology of the surface resulted when titanium dioxide was fully immobilized on the surface of ZSM-5. Shape complexity and surface roughness of the particles are elevated in the case of the ZSM-5/TiO2/Ni nanocomposite. The maximum % degradation of 50 mL of 15 mg/L of methylene blue dye is 99.17% and achieved at pH?=?8, irradiation time?=?140 min, and photocatalyst dosage?=?0.05 g. The synthesized composite can be regenerated and reused several times without losing its efficacy. 相似文献
10.
This work describes an innovative nanosemiconductor system, based on Au–TiO 2 for UV photo-assisted oxidation of nitrogen monoxide (NO). The synthesis of these materials was carried out by the sol–gel method. Titanium(IV) isopropoxide and HAuCl 4 were the precursors of the photocatalyst, which was prepared in acid conditions. The catalysts were characterized by the following techniques: BET, XRD, UV–vis and dark-field TEM. The evaluation of the photocatalytic activity was performed in situ using an FTIR spectrometer with high sensitivity and a UV spectrometer (365 nm) after 60 min at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The NO + O 2 mixture concentration was 150 ppm. The photocatalytic conversion of nitrogen monoxide (NO) was studied by FTIR, which reached 85% in 60 min. The semiconductor type materials exhibited an enhanced photoactivity when compared with our reference TiO 2. 相似文献
11.
Two different mesoporous silicas (MPS) were synthesized by hydrothermal treatment in NaOH solution of two SiO 2 sources. These were microporous silica (MicroPS) derived from selectively acid leached metakaolinite and tetraethylorthosilicate
(TEOS). The hydrothermal syntheses of the MPSs were performed at a ratio of SiO 2/cetyltrimethyl- ammonium bromide (CTABr)/NaOH/H 2O = 1/0.1/0.3/150. The specific surface areas ( S
BET) of the MPSs from MicroPS (MPS(M)) and TEOS (MPS(T)) were 1070 and 1020 m 2/g, respectively. Composites of MPS (75 mass%) with TiO 2 (25 mass%) were prepared using both SiO 2 and two commercial TiO 2 powders, P25 and ST-01. The adsorption–desorption behavior of methylene blue (MB) by the four resulting composites and the
two MPSs alone was unique in showing partially reversible behavior. The maximum MB adsorption, observed in the composite of
ST-01 with MPS(M), designated (S/M), was 0.034 mmol/g. The rates of MB adsorption in the dark and photodecomposition under
UV illumination were considerably different for the four composites and two TiO 2 powers, and followed the order ST-01 < S/T < P25 < P/T ≈ P/M ≪ S/M. The removal rate of MB by the composite S/M by adsorption
and photodecomposition was further enhanced by heating at 700 °C. Direct photodecomposition of MB without adsorption in the
dark was greatly enhanced in the composites, especially in that composed of MPS(M) and ST-01. 相似文献
12.
Micro-mesoporous TiO 2/SiO 2 nanocomposite powders have been successfully synthesized by the sol-gel process with different TiO 2/SiO 2 molar ratios and were applied in the UV-photodegradation of quinoline (λ = 254 nm). The structural, morphological, and textural characterization of the powders showed a homogeneous distribution of TiO2 nanoparticles within a porous amorphous SiO2 matrix. Due to the micro-mesoporous character of the materials, their textural characteristics were evaluated by the N2 adsorption method, by comparing BET, DR, Langmuir, and DFT theories. Si 60Ti 40 powders (60%SiO 2/40%TiO 2) presented the highest specific surface area (SSA) obtained from BET (SSA = 363 m 2g -1), DR (SSA = 482 m 2g -1), and Langmuir (SSA = 492 m 2g -1) due to the adequate particle size of TiO 2 and its high dispersion in the porous matrix. A higher degradation of quinoline in the presence of H 2O 2 (66%) was achieved using Si 80Ti 20 powders (80%SiO 2/20%TiO 2), as compared to pure sol-gel TiO 2 powders, (51%) under the same reaction conditions (1 UVC lamp - 250W, t = 180 min). The better performance of the Si 80Ti 20 nanocomposite could be attributed to the small TiO 2 anatase crystallite size (<5.7 nm), high dispersion of these crystallites in the SiO 2 matrix, great specific surface area (DR SSA = 342 m 2 g ?1), and the formation of Ti–O–Si bond, which is associated with new catalytic sites in TiO 2/SiO 2 composite. 相似文献
13.
AlON has been reported to have photocatalytic capability under ultraviolet-light (UV-light), which can be improved by fabricating large-sized powder (~20?µm) having porous skeleton microstructure. To further enhance photocatalytic property of AlON, highly photocatalytic-efficient nanocrystalline TiO 2 was loaded onto both the outer and inner surface of porous AlON particles by hydrothermal method. In order to ensure easy recovery without secondary pollution, the obtained composite powder was filtered in deionized water three times to remove both small-sized AlON and free TiO 2 particles to produce a composite photocatalyst with particle size >10?µm. The proposed TiO 2/AlON showed excellent photocatalytic performance on Methylene blue (MB) and Methyl orange (MO) for 97.9% and 99.1% of pollutants (in 30?mg/L, 40?mL solution) being degraded by 50?mg as-synthesized composite photocatalyst in 120?min. Further test showed that the hydrothermal process can significantly improve the photocatalytic performance of TiO 2/AlON composite photocatalyst and its enhancement mechanism were discussed. In addition, the large-sized composite photocatalyst is easy to recover and stable to reuse with no regeneration needed. 相似文献
14.
(Ba, Sr)TiO 3–MgO–Mg 2SiO 4 composite ceramics were prepared by a solid‐state reaction method. The microstructures, microwave dielectric characteristics, and tunability of composite ceramics were investigated. An anomalous correlation between tunability and dielectric constant was observed: with the increase in Mg 2SiO 4 content and the decrease in MgO content, the dielectric constant of (Ba, Sr)TiO 3–MgO–Mg 2SiO 4 composite ceramics decreases, but the tunability increases. The anomalous increased tunability is beneficial for tunable microwave applications and can be attributed to the redistribution of the electric field. For 50Ba 0.5Sr 0.5TiO 3–(50? x)MgO– xMg 2SiO 4, the dielectric constant was decreased from 164.2 to 126.5 by increasing Mg 2SiO 4 content from 5 to 45 wt% and the tunability at 3.9 kV/mm increased from 11.5% to 15.2%. 相似文献
15.
A BiFeO 3/TiO 2 p-n heterojunction photocatalyst with ferroelectric synergistic effect under visible-light irradiation was developed through facile hydrolysis and precipitation by forming nanospheres of TiO 2 on BiFeO 3 nanocube to improve the photocatalytic efficiency. Analyses of the microstructure, optical properties, and photoelectrochemical performance indicate the formation of a core–shell heterostructure of BiFeO 3/TiO 2 with excellent energy band matching. The BiFeO 3/TiO 2 p-n heterojunction has enlarged specific surface area, higher sensitivity to visible-light, and improved separation and transfer efficiency of photoelectron-hole pairs than single TiO 2 and BiFeO 3. Moreover, the composite exhibits superior photocatalytic degradation performance for methylene blue (MB) and common antibiotic tetracycline (TC) under UV and visible-light irradiation. The MB degradation rate within 180 min reaches 78.4% and 90.4% under UV and visible-light irradiation, respectively. Furthermore, the enhanced photocatalytic mechanism of BiFeO 3/TiO 2 is explored by photoluminescence (PL), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), transient photocurrent analysis, radical quenching, and band structure characterization. 相似文献
16.
A series of calcined hydrotalcite/TiO 2-Ag (HTC/TiO 2-Ag) composites with different silver (Ag) contents were successfully prepared and investigated as a catalyst for the photodegradation of phenol using UV–vis light (λ>300 nm). The Ag nanoparticles were deposited on the surface of TiO 2 (TiO 2-Ag) through photodeposition method. The TiO 2-Ag nanoparticles were supported on hydrotalcite (HT) by the co-precipitation method at variable pH (HT/TiO 2-Ag), and then calcined at 500 °C to obtain the HTC/TiO 2-Ag composites. The composites were characterized by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), N 2 adsorption/desorption (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS). Results show that there is an optimum silver ratio to obtain the highest photocatalytic performance in the HTC/TiO 2-Ag photocatalyst which is 2 wt%, and is assigned as HTC/TiO 2-Ag(2). The association of silver nanoparticles on TiO 2 enhanced photocatalytic activity of the bare semiconductor composite. Only 56% of phenol was photodegraded when photodegradation was performed with HTC/TiO 2, whereas ~100% was photodegraded using HTC/TiO 2-Ag(2). The data gathered from the photocatalytic degradation of phenol were successfully fitted to Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, and can be described by pseudo-first order kinetics. The results showed the HTC/TiO 2-Ag(2) as efficient photocatalyst, low cost, separable from solution by sedimentation, and reusable. The superior performance of HTC/TiO 2-Ag(2) composite photocatalyst may be attributed to the synergic catalytic effect between silver and TiO 2, dispersion of TiO 2-Ag(2) nanoparticles supported on calcined hydrotalcite, and the calcined hydrotalcite like photocatalyst. 相似文献
17.
Undoped and metal doped nanocrystalline TiO 2 transparent thin films were synthesized on glass substrates via sol-gel/dip-coating method. TiO 2 thin film coatings can be applied to the surfaces of solar panels to impart self-cleaning properties to them. The structural and optical properties of few nanometer-thick films were characterized by XRD, SEM, CA, AFM, XPS, and UV–Vis spectrophotometry techniques. The stoichiometric TiO 2 films crystallized in anatase phase, with a particle size of ~100 nm, which were uniformly distributed on the surface. The prepared films with a roughness of ~1–5 nm, increased the hydrophilicity of the glass surface. Reducing the amount of Ti precursor (X) favored the improvement of film quality. To improve the photocatalytic activity of the TiO 2 thin film, it was doped with Ni, Cd, Mo, Bi and Sr metal ions. The effect of metal doping on the photocatalytic activity of the films was investigated using the degradation process of methylene blue (MB) dye as the model contaminant. Among the prepared coatings, the Sr–TiO 2 film showed the highest efficiency for MB degradation. It increased the dye degradation efficiency of the films under both UV and Vis lights. The kinetic investigations also showed that the degradation of MB by TiO 2 and M ? TiO 2 films obeyed the pseudo-first order kinetics. 相似文献
18.
To improve the photocatalytic performance of TiO 2-based heterostructures, Z-scheme/Ⅱ-type rutile TiO 2 (R)/anatase TiO 2 (A)/ZrTiO 4 ternary heterojunction photocatalyst was designed and prepared via a facile one-step calcining strategy. Phase interface and band structure of the materials were controlled and optimized by regulating R–TiO 2/A–TiO 2 mass ratio in the TiO 2 (A, R)/ZrTiO 4 structures using boron doping. The highest photocatalytic performance and excellent catalytic stability of Rhodamine B removal was observed from the heterojunction with a low R–TiO 2/A–TiO 2 mass ratio of 0.066, even after five testing cycles, accompanying with low photoluminescence intensity and electrochemical impedance, high photocurrent and charge carrier density (5.12 × 10 22 cm −3), and a positive shift of valence band position (from +2.06 to + 2.16 eV). The increased photodegradation behaviour was due to the remarkably enhanced separation efficiency and improved redox ability of the photo-induced charge carriers as a result of the high content of oxygen vacancies and the formed anatase TiO 2/rutile TiO 2 Z-scheme heterojunction. 相似文献
19.
Fe 3+ doped TiO 2 deposited with Au (Au/Fe–TiO 2) was successfully prepared with an attempt to extend light absorption of TiO 2 into the visible region and reduce the rapid recombination of electrons and holes. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N 2 physical adsorption, Raman spectroscopy, atomic absorption flame emission spectroscopy (AAS), UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The photocatalytic activities of the samples were evaluated for the degradation of 2,4-chlorophenol in aqueous solutions under visible light ( λ > 420 nm) and UV light irradiation. The results of XRD, XPS and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis indicated that Fe 3+ substituted for Ti 4+ in the lattice of TiO 2, Au existed as Au 0 on the surface of the photocatalyst and the mean particle size of Au was 8 nm. Diffuse reflectance measurements showed an extension of light absorption into the visible region for Au/Fe–TiO 2, and PL analysis indicated that the electron–hole recombination rate has been effectively inhibited when Au deposited on the surface of Fe-doped TiO 2. Compared with Fe doped TiO 2 sample and Au deposited TiO 2 sample, the Au/Fe–TiO 2 photocatalyst exhibited excellent visible light and UV light activity and the synergistic effects of Fe 3+ and Au was responsible for improving the photocatalytic activity. 相似文献
20.
Structural design is of great importance to the performance of photocatalysts in environmental remediation. Therefore, micro/nanofibrous morphology and nanoporous local structures have been found to be beneficial to improve the photocatalytic activity. In this investigation, we report the design and fabrication of flexible and thermal stable nanoporous SiO 2–TiO 2 composite fibers as efficient photocatalysts. Combining electrospinning and modified Stöber techniques, core‐shell and mesoporous SiO 2 fibers with high flexibility were fabricated and employed as the scaffold for supporting TiO 2 nanoparticles. A nanoporous shell of TiO 2 nanoparticles was then muffled over the SiO 2 fibers to form core@dual‐shell SiO 2–TiO 2 composite fibers with hierarchically porous structure, which were conveniently patterned into a nonwoven, recyclable film. This nonwoven film exhibits better photocatalytic activity for Rhodamine B degradation under UV irradiation compared with some other TiO 2‐based materials reported in recent years. 相似文献
|