双频段双极化星载降水测量雷达天线设计

为了解决双频段双极化星载降水测量雷达的波束宽度匹配和波束指向匹配问题,该文提出双频双极化共孔径馈源照射抛物柱反射面天线的方案。共孔径馈源Ku频段采用微带天线,Ka频段采用波导缝隙天线,两者层叠交错排列在一起。实测结果表明,波束宽度匹配指标和波束指向匹配指标与美国国家航空航天局正在研发的第2代星载降水测量雷达的指标相当。相对于第2代星载降水测量雷达天线采用的分置式馈源,该文给出的共孔径馈源具有占用空间小的优点,适用于星载平台。     

大孔径光导天线技术产生太赫兹波的研究

传统的Drude-Lorentz方法只是适用于小孔径光导天线,对于大孔径光导天线,该算式的精确度已经远远不能达到要求。为了深入研究大孔径光导天线技术,在Drude-Lorentz理论的基础上,对光生载流子浓度的计算方法进行了改进,修正了其两个假设条件带来的误差,使之适合大孔径光导天线模拟计算。结果表明,改进的计算模型完全可以对大孔径光导天线进行模拟,并在此基础上分析计算了不同条件下大孔径光导天线的太赫兹辐射场及其频谱的变化,证明了这种新的计算模型可以满足大孔径光导天线太赫兹源的模拟计算的要求。     

旋转镜像综合孔径空间频率均匀采样方法

在地球静止轨道卫星上实现高分辨率微波辐射测量是微波遥感的重要研究内容。综合孔径系统的较高复杂度和镜像综合孔径系统组合测量在卫星平台上实现困难等问题,使得高分辨率微波辐射测量难以实现。因此提出旋转镜像综合孔径空间频域均匀采样方法。其核心思想是采用两个反射面提高空间分辨率,通过阵列旋转固定角度获得均匀频率采样实现图像重建。理论和仿真结果均表明:旋转镜像综合孔径空间频域均匀采样方法采用较少的天线数目实现了高分辨率测量,获得较好反演结果,同时用阵列的转动代替反射面的平动解决镜像综合孔径微波辐射测量在卫星平台上实现困难的问题。     

新型多频段共用孔径天线系统

介绍了一种新型多频段共用孔径天线系统，详细论述了该天线的设计方法，对它的关键技术及理论进行了分析，并给出了天线系统理论和实测方向图，结果表明理论分析与实测结果有很好的吻合，充分证明了新型多频波段共用孔径天线系统工程上具有较高的实用价值。     

双频段双极化共孔径阵列馈源反射面天线设计

介绍了一种新型Ku/Ka双频段双极化共孔径阵列馈源偏馈抛物柱反射面天线的设计。在双频段双极化共孔径阵列馈源设计中,Ka波段采用裂缝波导阵,并且位于共孔径馈源阵列的下层,双极化Ku波段采用微带贴片天线、位于共孔径阵列馈源的上层。文中给出了该双频段双极化共孔径阵列馈源的设计及测试结果,并将该测试结果代入偏馈抛物柱反射面天线中在FEKO软件平台上进行了半实物仿真,仿真结果表明,该双频段双极化共孔径阵列馈源偏馈抛物柱反射天线实现了如下设计目标:Ku波段双极化水平面扫描范围为±17°,两个主面副瓣电平优于-30dB,Ka波段水平面扫描范围为±10°,两个主面的副瓣电平优于-30dB,双频段双极化两个主面的波瓣宽度和波束指向完全匹配。     

波导馈电的短螺旋天线阵

由短螺旋天线组成的天线阵是用单个矩形波导馈电的。为了使天线阵元与波导之间满足匹配条件,而在天线阵单元附近插入一些短线。根据传输线理论,确定耦合相位和耦合因数。机械旋转对每种天线阵元都很适用,因此,可以在孔径形成同相条件。业已证明,用五个、七个和九个螺旋天线阵时,其计算结果与实验结果极为一致。     

反射面天线电压驻波比的计算与匹配技术

本文给出反射面天线电压驻波比的计算公式以及轮廓微扰改善驻波比的设计方法，给出应用于工程设计的计算结果和测量结果。这种计算和轮廓微扰匹配技术适用于反射面天线ＶＳＷＲ的确定及工程匹配设计。     

一种小型化超短波单极子天线设计

超短波天线在舰船飞机上应用很广,天线的小型化有利于提升其隐蔽性、稳固性,因此对天线的小型化设计显得异常重要。采用加载集总元件和宽带匹配网络的方式,设计了一款新型超短波天线。将宽带匹配网络做成一个微带电路结构与天线辐射单元直接相连的一体化设计,进一步减小了天线的长度;采用 Matlab 和 HFSS 软件联合仿真,并运用遗传算法优化计算全部集总元件的具体数值。天线在100 MHz~400 MHz频段范围内的驻波系数 VSWR(电压驻波比)小于3,水平方向全向辐射。天线和匹配网络总的物理长度仅为255 mm,实现了小型化的要求。制作了天线实物并测量,实测天线参数与仿真参数吻合较好,达到了设计目标。     

76 m中波天线的输入阻抗

天线匹配网络调整是中波发射台的一项重要工作，其调整的好坏对传输效率、发射机寿命以及匹配网络的元器件的寿命有重要的影响。在匹配网络调整中很重要的一步是天线阻抗的测量，但是，由于技术条件的限制，许多中波发射台在调配天调网络时往往还是借助输入阻抗曲线或图表来计算天线的阻抗，工作上有很多不便。     

天线的测量校准方法

天线是测量电波辐射强度的必备工具．天线系数是用于场强测量和DEMI测量天线的重要参数。人们利用测量接收机读数、天线系数来计算电波辐射场强。在难以用理论计算的方法精确获得天线系数时．需要对天线的天线系数进行测量校准。本文介绍了常用的天线系数的校准方法．讨论了在天线校准中引起测量误差的各种因素．并总结了各种校准方法的适用范围及特点。     

高功率双层径向线螺旋阵列天线理论分析与数值模拟

研究了一种高功率双层径向线螺旋阵列天线.论文首先介绍该阵列天线的工作原理,然后从工作原理出发,设计中心频率为4.0 GHz的高功率双层径向线螺旋阵列天线,提出并研究了螺旋单元天线的磁耦合馈电,最后用有限元算法软件对阵列天线进行了数值模拟.模拟结果表明:该口径为320mm的天线在中心频率上可获得21.13dBi的增益,口径效率可达72.3％,在-12°≤θ≤12°的范围内轴向轴比值小于1.55;在3.8GHz~4.2GHz的频率范围内增益大于20.68dBi,口径效率大于69%,天线轴向轴比值小于1.7.     

Low-profile helical array antenna fed from a radial waveguide

A low-profile array antenna composed of two-turn 4° pitch angle helices is designed for a frequency band of 11.7 GHz to 12.0 GHz. The feed wire of each helix is inserted into a radial waveguide through a small hole and excited by a traveling wave flowing in the transverse electromagnetic mode between the two parallel plates of the waveguide. The measured aperture efficiency shows a maximum value of 77% for a beam radiated in the normal direction and 69% for a 30° beam tilt     

Circularly polarized dielectric-loaded planar antenna excited bythe parallel feeding waveguide network

A new receiving planar array antenna for DBS (direct broadcasting satellite) is proposed. The element antenna is a short waveguide aperture mounted in the ground plane, loaded with a dielectric and polarizers, and excited through its side wall by another feeding rectangular waveguide. The gain of the element antenna loaded with a dielectric is so high that the grating lobes can be reduced sufficiently even if the element spacing in the array is wider than the wavelength in free space. Therefore we can reduce the number of the array elements, and parallel feeding by the low loss waveguide network can be feasible to provide a planar array antenna. This paper describes the experimental results of several kinds of the circularly polarized dielectric-loaded element antennas and the planar antennas fed by the waveguide network. In the 12 GHz band the planar antenna with 64-element radiators has a maximum gain of 31.9 dBi with an aperture efficiency of 94.7%, the 1 dB-down frequency bandwidth of the gain is about 800 MHz (6.7% for a center frequency of 11.85 GHz), and the frequency bandwidth of the axial ratio is less than 1 dB of 850 MHz (7.2%)     

Design of a wideband miniature dielectric-filled waveguide antennafor collision-avoidance radar

This article presents a theoretical and experimental study of the design of a miniaturized wideband dielectric-filled waveguide (DFW) antenna. The operational frequency is X band, i.e., 9.0⩽f⩽10.5 GHz. The desired bandwidth is 1.5 GHz. The antenna uses an air-gap matching network to reduce its high aperture reflection. In order to ease the integration with antenna circuits and to increase the bandwidth, two E-plane steps are used. The antenna is designed to have -3 dB beamwidths of 60° and 100° for the E- and H-plane patterns, respectively. An input reflection of less than -10 dB for the desired bandwidth is observed. The gain of the antenna is 7 dBi. A cross-polar level of less than -25 dB is achieved. This article discusses the mathematical model for input reflection, the design scenarios, and the experimental results     

Sidelobes Due to Periodic Amplitude and Phase Errors in the Aperture Field of a Radial Waveguide Pin-Fed Array Antenna

The location and level of the sidelobes of a radial waveguide pin-fed array antenna, which stem from periodic amplitude and phase errors in the actual antenna aperture field, are derived based on a simple model of a line source as well as the pertinent model of a circular aperture. The theoretical results are verified by comparisons with numerical and measured data     

X 波段加膜片式单脊波导裂缝天线的研究

等效导纳值是波导宽边纵缝天线的关键设计参数。为克服传统波导裂缝天线副瓣偏高、设计效率低下等问题,本文提出了一种单脊波导裂缝天线的改进设计方法,在传统波导裂缝阵列天线设计的基础上,利用等效导纳值对天线等效电路的影响,在裂缝单元下增加金属膜片,通过改变金属膜片的高度,优化裂缝等效导纳值,使得每个裂缝口径场分布更加接近于理论设计值,并在设计过程中使用牛顿迭代法提取导纳进一步缩短设计时间。通过设计实例表明:应用此方法设计单脊波导裂缝天线能够有效抑制副瓣电平,天线方位面副瓣电平可达到-30 dB 以下;在满足主要指标要求的前提下,设计效率显著提升。     

An aperture-coupled linear microstrip leaky-wave antenna array withtwo-dimensional dual-beam scanning capability

This paper describes an X-band 4×1 aperture-coupled series-fed electronically steerable microstrip leaky-wave antenna (LWA) array design, which has dual-beam radiation pattern and two-dimensional (2-D) beam-scanning capability. The LWA array is operated in the first higher order mode and excited by center-fed aperture coupled for dual-beam operation. The varactor-tuned phase shifters are placed between the antenna elements. The measured half-power beamwidth of the H-plane and quasi-E-plane radiation patterns are less than 30°. By tuning the reverse dc bias of the varactor diodes, the main beam can be scanned in azimuth plane from -13° to +13° off broadside. In the elevation plane, the beam-scanning angle is close to 20° as the operating frequency tuned from 11.58-12.5 GHz. Taking into account each phase-shifter insertion loss and phase progression, the measured results compared closely with the theoretical prediction. The proposed antenna array is suitable for wireless communication and collision warning radar systems     

L波段高功率线极化径向线阵列天线优化设计

针对L波段高功率线极化径向线阵列天线进行了优化设计.分析了影响阵列天线口径效率的因素,通过三种途径优化了口径效率;同时对单元天线进行适当的优化,减小了阵列天线的反射,提高了阵列天线的整体性能,使其更好地应用于实际.模拟结果表明:经过改进后,阵列天线的口径效率从原来的50.57%提高到85.1%,中心频率上的反射系数降为0.1146,且在513兆赫兹的频率范围内反射系数都小于0.2.     

A modal expansion method of analysis and measurement onaperture-coupled microstrip antenna

The coupling of a feedline to a rectangular patch through an aperture in the ground plane separating them is described using modal field analysis. The cavity model is used to describe the patch, the feedline is represented by a dynamic planar waveguide model, and the coupling is via a magnetic current in the aperture. Both theoretical and experimental results for the antenna performance are presented and design curves are generated. Very good agreement between theory and experiment was obtained. Results and design curves were obtained for antennas at 5 and 10 GHz, respectively     

A high aperture efficiency, wide-angle scanning offset reflectorantenna

A unique single offset reflector antenna has been designed which provides as much as ±30° of scanning in azimuth while maintaining a much higher aperture efficiency than a torus antenna. Like a torus antenna, different portions of the reflector are illuminated for each scanned beam. The reflector profile curve in the plane of scan is found by least squares to minimize the error for the beams with the greatest scan angle, and then polynomial terms of up to sixth order which minimize nonplanar phase errors are added to produce a three-dimensional reflector surface. Numerical simulation indicates very good results for all 0.5° beams in the ±30° azimuth field of view, with peak gain no more than 0.3 dB below ideal and highest side-lobe levels no worse than 13.3 dB below the peak gain. Additionally, comparable performance can be extended to the elevation plane out to 15°/-30°, although full azimuth performance becomes compromised at extreme elevation scan angles. By using an offset design, there is no blockage of the outgoing beam by the feed array assembly for azimuth scanning. With better feed performance than comparably sized paraboloids, and being more compact than similar torus reflectors, this novel antenna should find numerous uses in spacecraft and terrestrial applications