硫酸氢钠催化合成丁二酸二乙酯

在一水硫酸氢钠存在下，由乙醇和丁二酸合成了丁二酸二乙酯。当丁二酸，乙醇和硫酸氢钠的物质量比为1：6：0．2，环己烷为溶剂，回流分水50min，酯收率达80．5％。     

国内催化合成癸二酸二丁酯研究进展

综述了国内癸二酸和正丁醇催化合成癸二酸二丁酯增塑剂的研究进展。比较了磺酸、无机物、固体超强酸、杂多酸及分子筛等5种固体催化剂催化合成癸二酸二丁酯,结果表明收率比硫酸铜和硫酸氢钠高．且对设备腐蚀和环境污染小。     

富马酸二乙酯制备工艺的改进

以顺酐和乙醇为原料,硫酸氢钠和氯化铝为催化剂合成富马酸二乙酯。考察了影响收率的因素,确定量佳工艺条件为：顺酐0．1mol,乙醇0．3mol,硫酸氢钠0．5g,氯化铝0．6g,反应时间4h,油浴温度110-120℃,收率可达90％以上。     

硫酸氢钠催化合成苯甲酸乙酯

在一水硫酸氢钠存在下由苯甲酸和乙醇合成了苯甲酸乙酯。当苯甲酸、乙醇和硫酸氢钠的质量配比为 1∶8∶0 86,回流 8h时 ,酯收率达 93%。     

由复合催化剂催化合成乙酸乙酯

在一水硫酸氢钠复合催化剂的条件下,由乙醇和乙酸为原料合成了较高收率乙酸乙酯。研究了一水硫酸氢钠复合催化剂使用量、乙醇使用量和反应的时间,带水剂的选择等因素对催化合成乙酸乙酯收率的影响。实验结果证明当乙醇:乙酸摩尔比为5.5∶1和硫酸氢钠为0.7 g,硫酸在0.35 g、带水剂8 mL时,回流分水100 min,酯收率达87.05%,为最优条件。     

食品抗氧化剂没食子酸丙酯的合成

研究了以硫酸氢钠为催化剂，没食子酸和正丙醇为原料合成没食子酸丙酯，并考察影响反应的因素。结果表明，没食子酸、正丙醇和硫酸氢钠摩尔比为1：14：0．058，反应时间5h是最佳的反应条件，酯收率达93．8％。     

硫酸氢钠催化合成己二酸二乙酯

在一水硫酸氢钠存在下 ,由乙醇和己二酸通过酯化合成了高收率的己二酸二乙酯。研究了溶剂、一水硫酸氢钠和乙醇用量对己二酸二乙酯收率的影响。当己二酸、乙醇和硫酸氢钠的物质的量之比为 1∶5∶0 2 ,苯为溶剂 ,回流分水 10 0min ,酯收率达 97 0 %。并用折射率、元素分析和红外光谱对酯进行了表征     

防霉剂富马酸单甲酯制备工艺的改进

以顺丁烯二酸酐和甲醇为原料，硫酸氢钠和氯化铝为催化剂，甲苯作溶剂合成了防霉剂富马酸单甲酯，考察了影响收率的因素，其最优条件为：顺丁烯二酸酐：甲醇：硫酸氢钠：氯化铝为0．2mol：0．2mol：1．5g：2g；酯化反应温度60℃，反应时间0．5h；异构化温度80℃，反应时间2h。收率可达90．0％以上。     

硫酸氢钠催化合成丁酸异丁酯

硫酸氢钠能够代替硫酸作为酯化作用催化剂。在一水硫酸氢钠存在下，由正丁酸和异丁醇合成了丁酸异丁酯。在正丁酸，异丁醇和硫酸氢钠的物质的量比为4：3：0．07，回流分水60min，酯收率达99．3％，同时研究了催化剂的重复使用性能。     

硫酸氢钠催化合成乙酸环己酯

在水合硫酸氢钠存在下，由环己醇和乙酸合成了乙酸环己酯、乙酸、环己醇和硫酸氢钠的摩尔比为0．50：0．22：0．0145，环己烷为溶剂，回流分水100min，酯收率可达89％。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。