STUDY ON SORPTION OF HEAVY METAL POLLUTANTS BY SEDIMENT PARTICLES

Sorption of heavy metal on sediment particles is studied theoretically am experimentally. Sorption processes of heavy metal pollutants on sediment particles can b well described by Langmuir model. Parameters in the model b,,k and k1 depend on proper ties of sediment and water, and have nothing to do with sediment concentration. By com bining the sorption dynamic equation and the mass conservation equation, the variation c N(sorption content of heavy metal pollutant by specific weight of sediment) and c (con centration of heavy metal pollutant in water phase) with time can be deduced. Further more, formulas for calculating the equilibrium sorption content N and the equilibriur concentration of heavy metal pollutant in water phase c are established too. Experimenta data well coincide with theoretical formulas. These can be treated as the basis for furthe quantitative study of sediment sorption-desorption characteristics.     

AN APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF TRANSVERSE MIXING IN NATURAL RIVERS

A numerical model of transverse mixing in natural rivers has been presented byusing the body-fitted coordinate systems,which is capable of describing the complex flow andmixing characteristics of rivers.To study the validity and to illustrate the applicability of thismodel,field measurement date in the Gan River near Nanchang have been used to compare thenumerical results.     

CONCURRENT SORPTION OF HEAVY METAL POLLUTANTS OF SEDIMENT OF DIFFERENT GRAIN SIZES

Generally, sediment in natural rivers is non-uniform, and sorption capacities of different grain sizes vary greatly. In order to quantitatively describe sorption of heavy metal pollutant by sediment in natural rivers, the concurrent sorption by sediment of different grain sizes should be studied. By combining systematic laboratory experiments and theoretical analysis the concurrent equilibrium sorption model and the concurrent sorption dynamic model by sediment of different grain sizes have been set up. Both of them indicate that there is no competition or interference among different grain sizes, its sorption content of unit weight of sediment is the sum of the sorption contents of each grain sizes , and the content of each grain size in non-uniform sediment. Furthermore, formulas for determining characteristic parameters ( b and k) in the Langmuir sorption isotherm for non-uniform sediment are deduced as follows: These can be used as a tool for predicting the sorption content of non-uniform sediment     

OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS ON CHARACTERISTIC OF NATURAL RIVERS

Based on the previous study on turbulent structure, field experiments on fluctuation velocity were carried out in section Huanglingmiao of main stream of Yangtze River with a 3-D Doppler velocimeter. And a number of data such as velocity of different discharge and different vertical line were obtained. According to the field experiment data, period, frequency, period function and probability density function of large-scale coherent structure in natural river were prescribed by means of quantitative analysis. And the problem about distribution of time average velocity, turbulent intensity and Reynolds stress along depth were further analyzed and calculated. The results in this paper will deepen the understand of large-scale turbulent structure in natural river and so make the base for applying“turbulence theory” to water conservancy, hydroelectric, environment engineering and so on.     

A REVIEW OF HEAVY METAL POLLUTION IN THE PEARL RIVER ESTUARY

Since 70‘s, the economy and society in the Pearl River Delta region have been undergoing a great development. Pollution control and environment protection have received much public attention. As heavy metals are an important toxic pollutant source in this area and are not biodegradable in general, a lot of scientists in China, especially in Southern China, devote their focus on studying the pollution caused by heavy metals in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE). This paper presents a comprehensive review on the heavy metal pollution research and its related research in this area. It is suggested that the study of heavy metal pollution in PRE should be coupled with water movement, sediment motion and tidal characteristics in this region. Studying core sediments in various locations is recommended to reveal the history of heavy metal pollution in PRE and improve the understanding of the fate and transport of metals.     

INTERFERENCE OF SIDE STRUT WITH THE NATURAL CAVITATING FLOWS AROUND A SUBMERGED VEHICLE IN WATER TUNNEL EXPERIMENTS

To apply the measurements of model experiment in water tunnel to the actual sailing condition,it is necessary to know accurately the strut effect and its rule.In the present work,the corresponding interferences of one-side strut and two-side strut on the natural cavitating flows around a submerged vehicle in water tunnel were investigated numerically,using the homogeneous equilibrium two-phase model coupled with a natural cavitation model.The numerical simulation results show that the strut types have distinct effects on the hydrodynamic properties.For the same given upstream velocity and downstream pressure,the existence of the strut leads to an increment of natural cavitation number,reduces the low-pressure region and depresses the pressure on the vehicle surface near the sides of strut.In the case of given cavitaiton number,the influences of the two-side strut on the drag and lift coefficients are both enhanced along with the increment of attack angle,however the influence of the one-side strut gradually gets stronger on the drag coefficient but weaker on the lift coefficient contrarily.In addition,based on the present numerical results,a correction method by introducing the sigmoidal logistic function is proposed to eliminate the interference from the foil-shaped strut.     

谈河湖疏浚工程实施过程中存在的几个问题

结合近年来江西省河湖疏浚工程的实施,针对各个阶段中出现的涉及设计要求、质量标准、工程计量和施工围堰等方面的问题进行分析,提出相应的解决方法．     

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE SHAPE CHARACTERS OF NATURAL AND VENTILATED SUPERCAVITATION

A series of projectile and water-tunnel experiments were conducted to investigate the shape characters of natural and ventilated supercavitation. It was found that the shape and dimensions of both the natural supercavitation and the ventilated supercavitation are similar through the comparison of them when the cavitation number is small and equal, and the contour of both the natural supercavitation and the ventilated supercavitation can be calculated effectively with the Savchenko formula. The gravity effect can induce the asymmetry of ventilated supercavitation, and the asymmetry is more apparent as the Froude number is smaller. The empirical formula for calculating the axial deformation of ventilated supercavitation was corrected and expanded based on experiment data. The evolution rules of both the natural supercavitation and the ventilated supercavitation were described, and the vortex frequency of natural cavitation was obtained. In addition, the hysteretic aspect was observed between the development and the fall process of ventilated cavitation.     

重金属在消落带土壤-水体系中的迁移研究

以三峡库区消落带土壤和江水构成的有机体系为对象,通过动态模拟实验,研究了Pb、Zn、Cu、Cr在土壤江水体系中的迁移情况。研究表明,长江水体一旦受Pb、Zn、Cu、Cr的污染,消落带土壤中的Pb、Zn、Cu质量比将显著升高,Zn会迁移至各层(0~10 cm,10~20 cm,20~30 cm)土壤中,Pb和Cu主要滞留在土壤表层,而土壤中的Cr的质量比降低;并且土样中Pb、Cr、Cu和Zn的质量比均会随江水中的重金属浓度的升高而增加。     

INVESTIGATION ON EFFECT OF DRUG DOSING REGIMENTS ON DRUG DELIVERY IN SOLID TUMOR VIA LUMPED PARAMETER MODELING AND ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS

This work aims to investigate the effects of dosing regiments on drug delivery in solid tumors and to validate them with experiments on rats.The lumped parameter models of pharmacokinetics and of drug delivery in tumor were developed to simulate time courses of average drug concentration(Ct)of tumor interstitium in two types of dosing regiments(i.e.,single-shot and triple-shot ones).The two regiments were performed via antitumor drug,hydroxycamptothecin(HCPT),on rats,to measure the drug concentration in the tumor.The simulations of the drug concentration in the tumor of the two dosing regiments were conducted and compared with the experimental data on rats.The coefficients in the models were investigated.It is concluded that the triple-shot method is more effective than that of single-shot injection.The present lumped-parameter model is quantitatively competent for drug delivery in solid tumor.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION ON VELOCITIES OF TWO INTERACTING FIBERS IN FIBER SUSPENSION

1 .　INTRODUCTIONFibersuspensions,widelyusedinmaterial,chemicalandtestileindustry ,areinvolvedwithmanydifficultiesrelatedtomultiphaseflowandnon newtonianfluidmechanics .Infibersuspen sions ,thefibersinteractwiththefluid .Theexist enceandmotionofthefibersaffectthepropertiesofthefluid greatly ;ontheotherhand ,itisthefluidthatdeterminesthefibers’translationalandrotationalmotion .Thusfibersuspensionformsacomplexdynamicalsystem .Infibersuspension ,thefibersalsointeractwitheachother .Generall…     

THE NATURAL CONVECTION OF AQUIFERS WITH CONSTANT HEAT SOURCES AND ITS INFLUENCE ON TEMPERATURE FIELDS

By combining sand tank tests with numerical simulations, this paper studies the temperature fields around constant heat sources to reveal the mechanism of the natural convection and its influence on the temperature fields in the process of energy storage. Using the "24-channel temperature auto acquisition system" developed by our research group in the tests, the temperatures are recorded at measuring points within the research area in the tests, the revised Brinkman equation and a transfer-convection balance model are used for solving the aquifer water-thermal coupling problems, and through comparison of the test results with the calcula- tion results, it is discovered that the influence ranges and the variations of the two temperature fields are consistent, which validates the mathematical model. On the basis of this, we also study the influences of the heat source positions and the boundary conditions on the temperature fields, and the results show that, under the natural convection, the heat source positions may influence the distri- bution of the temperature fields, thus affect the energy storage. For the same energy storage layer, the temperature field for the top energy storage is characterized by a smaller heat influence range and a relatively concentrated temperature distribution. However, when the heat source is at the bottom, the range of a temperature field, and the temperature is relatively dispersed, which is not favorable to heat recycle, with the same heat source position, the boundary conditions determine the size of the critical Rayleigh number, and thus have an influence on the occurrence and the strength of the natural convection, and accordingly, on the temperature fields.     

EFFECT OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT ON THE TRANSPORT AND TRANSFORMATION OF 4-NITROCHLOROBENZENE IN THE YELLOW RIVER

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NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF A CENTERED CONDUCTING BODY ON NATURAL CONVECTION AND HEAT TRANSFER IN AN ENCLOSURE

1.INTRODUCTIONA heat-conducting body is located somewherewithinthe enclosure,thereby affecting the naturalconvection flowand heat transfer.Soit is veryi m-portant in theory and used widely in many engi-neering systems.For example in a metal castingprocess,a solid may be placedinthe mold to forma holeinthe casting,another examplein electronicpackages with windows or walls.Natural convection and heat transfer of a cen-tered conducting body in an enclosure are complexproblems in the fluid me…