氧化锌纳米棒的水热法制备和抑菌性能的研究（英文）

采用水热法制备了ZnO纳米棒。采用琼脂稀释法研究商业纳米ZnO颗粒和水热法制备纳米ZnO棒对大肠杆菌抑菌作用的差异性。利用透射电镜、X射线衍射仪、比表面积测试仪、对大肠杆菌最小抑菌浓度进行表征。结果表明:ZnO纳米棒的粒径(约96 nm)比商业颗粒纳米ZnO(约185 nm)要小的多,ZnO纳米棒衍射峰宽值相对于商业ZnO纳米颗粒的要更宽,晶粒度更小(根据谢乐公式ZnO为98.203l nm,商业ZnO为189.3206,nm);.ZnO纳米棒(5.4759 m~2/m)的比表面积比商业ZnO纳米颗粒(3.6081 m~2/g)的更大,依据抗菌性原理,这两种指标皆表明ZnO纳米棒的抗菌性能相对较好,在最小抑菌浓度试验中,商业氧化锌纳米颗粒和水热法制备氧化锌纳米棒的最小抑菌浓度分别为0.22%和0.12%;ZnO纳米棒对大肠杆菌的抑制作用高于商业ZnO纳米颗粒对其的抑制作用。     

ZnO/TiO_2-纳米管光催化剂的制备与表征

采用改进的化学沉积法,用ZnO对TiO2-纳米管进行改性,制备ZnO/TiO2-纳米管的复合半导体材料。用X射线衍射仪、透射电镜、高分辨透射电镜、X射线能谱仪、比表面分析仪,紫外-可见光度计等研究样品的结构、表面形貌和化学组成。通过光降解甲基橙模拟污染物考察其光催化性能,并探讨ZnO粒子表面修饰增强TiO2-纳米管光催化活性的机制。结果表明:n(Zn)-n(Ti)为1-4的ZnO/TiO2-纳米管复合材料具有最佳的光催化活性;Zn和Ti的协同效应改善了复合材料的可见光响应性。     

一种性能优良的ZnO纳米结构的制备方法

采用传统的碳热还原反应,制备出整齐的阶梯状ZnO纳米梳和纳米棒.SEM分析发现,阶梯状纳米梳的背和齿沿着生长方向呈现出一定梯度,其齿的长度和直径最大分别可达100 μm和300 nm.而纳米棒则呈现为六次对称的柱状结构,直径可达300 nm.同时,利用溶液腐蚀法制备出超薄的纳米带和针头直径约为30 nm的管状纳米结构,并定性讨论了其形成机理.光致发光性能的测试结果表明,本文所采用方法对处理后的纳米结构ZnO光学特性得到了很好的改善.     

二维ZnO/ Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5纳米异质结构的制备及其可见光催化活性

表面建造是提高半导体光催化活性的一种有效方法。本文利用Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6纳米片为基底沉积了BiVO4再通过煅烧成功制备了二维ZnO/Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5复合纳米片。通过X射线衍射,透射电镜和元素映像技术表征了所制样品。结果显示随着锌与铋的原子比的上升,ZnO多孔片状的表面逐渐变成Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5物质。但其比例高于1:0.02时,在片状Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5的区域表面又生长出BiVO4纳米颗粒。漫反射光谱测试显示出ZnO/Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5复合物随着锌与铋的原子比的上升其在400~600 nm可见光区的吸收逐渐增强。所制样品在可见光（波长大于420 nm）进行了光催化降解罗丹明B的测试,结果表明在所制样品中,锌与铋的原子比为1:0.0133的ZnO/Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5纳米片虽然其可见光的吸收并没有明显增强但却表现出最佳的光催化活性。荧光与电化学测试得出了低含量BZVO的ZnO纳米片可见光催化活性的提高主要是因为表面ZnO/Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5异质结构提高了光生载流子的分离与传送。这种二维材料的表面建造有利于光催化的进行。因此,此法可应用于其它二维纳米材料的建造以提高光催化活性。     

二维ZnO/Bi_(3.9)Zn_(0.4)V_(1.7)O_(10.5)纳米异质结构的制备及其可见光催化活性（英文）

利用Zn_5(CO_3)_2(OH)_6纳米片为基底沉积了BiVO4再通过煅烧成功制备了二维ZnO/Bi_(3.9)Zn_(0.4)V_(1.7)O_(10.5)复合纳米片。通过X射线衍射,透射电镜和元素映像技术表征了所制样品。结果显示随着锌与铋的原子比的上升,ZnO多孔片状的表面逐渐变成Bi_(3.9)Zn_(0.4)V_(1.7)O_(10.5)物质。但其比例高于1:0.02时,在片状ZnO/Bi_(3.9)Zn_(0.4)V_(1.7)O_(10.5)的区域表面又生长出BiVO_4纳米颗粒。漫反射光谱测试显示出ZnO/Bi_(3.9)Zn_(0.4)V_(1.7)O_(10.5)复合物随着锌与铋的原子比的上升其在400～600 nm可见光区的吸收逐渐增强。所制样品在可见光(波长大于420nm)进行了光催化降解罗丹明B的测试,结果表明在所制样品中,锌与铋的原子比为1:0.0133的ZnO/Bi_(3.9)Zn_(0.4)V_(1.7)O_(10.5)纳米片虽然其可见光的吸收并没有明显增强但却表现出最佳的光催化活性。荧光与电化学测试得出了低含量BZVO的ZnO纳米片可见光催化活性的提高主要是因为表面ZnO/Bi_(3.9)Zn_(0.4)V_(1.7)O_(10.5)异质结构提高了光生载流子的分离与传送。这种二维材料的表面建造有利于光催化的进行。因此,此法可应用于其它二维纳米材料的建造以提高光催化活性。     

Growth of ZnO Nanostructures on Metal-Filled Porous Silicons

在多孔Si上使用不同催化剂成功生长ZnO纳米结构。结果表明,Au作催化剂在Si衬底上得到末端呈六角形的ZnO纳米棒,Cu作催化剂在Si(100)和(111)分别上生长出带状和棒状纳米ZnO,Zn作催化剂在Si衬底上则获得ZnO纳米线。Zn催化制备的ZnO纳米线晶面间距为0.283nm,生长方向是[0110],具有结晶较好的六角纤锌矿晶体结构。比较了不同催化剂制备ZnO的光学性能,发现得到Zn催化制备的ZnO纳米线缺陷绿光峰最弱,因此Zn催化生长制备的纳米ZnO结构质量较好。空气中退火后,3种催化剂生长的纳米ZnO的缺陷发光峰位置不变,而强度变弱。     

无模板剂的溶胶-水热法合成具有可见光响应的氮掺杂混晶 TiO2(锐钛矿/金红石/板钛矿)纳米棒束

采用无模板剂的溶胶-水热法制备了具有可见光响应的N掺杂锐钛矿/金红石/板钛矿型TiO_2(N-TiO_2)纳米棒束,并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、紫外-可见光漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对获得的样品进行了表征。以甲基橙为模型反应物,评价了N-TiO_2纳米棒束的光催化活性。表征结果结合光催化活性评价结果显示,与P25-TiO_2相比,N掺杂、混晶及纳米棒束之间的协同作用是所制备的混晶N-TiO_2纳米棒束具有良好光催化活性的主要原因,并对混晶N-TiO_2纳米棒束光催化降解甲基橙的机理进行了探讨。     

无模板剂的溶胶-水热法合成具有可见光响应的氮掺杂混晶TiO_2(锐钛矿/金红石/板钛矿)纳米棒束（英文）

采用无模板剂的溶胶-水热法制备了具有可见光响应的N掺杂锐钛矿/金红石/板钛矿型TiO_2(N-TiO_2)纳米棒束,并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、紫外-可见光漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对获得的样品进行了表征。以甲基橙为模型反应物,评价了N-TiO_2纳米棒束的光催化活性。表征结果结合光催化活性评价结果显示,与P25-TiO_2相比,N掺杂、混晶及纳米棒束之间的协同作用是所制备的混晶N-TiO_2纳米棒束具有良好光催化活性的主要原因,并对混晶N-TiO_2纳米棒束光催化降解甲基橙的机理进行了探讨。     

化学溶液沉积法制备氧化锌纳米棒阵列

利用化学溶液沉积法,以Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O、六次甲基四胺为原料制备了规整而有序的ZnO纳米棒阵列.用FESEM、XRD等考察种子液浓度、反应溶液浓度等对2nO纳米棒表面形貌、晶粒大小及晶体结构的影响.结果表明,制备的ZnO纳米棒的直径随反应溶液浓度增大而增大,纳米棒垂直于基底沿着(002)面生长.紫外可见吸收光谱表明,ZnO纳米棒对300～400nm波长范围的光有很强吸收性;在500～700nm有一个相对比较弱的吸收峰,光致发光谱图中在384 nm处有一个近紫外带边发射峰.     

硫化亚铜/四针状氧化锌晶须异质结的多元醇法制备及光催化性能(英文)

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为表面活性剂,通过多元醇法制备 Cu2S/T-ZnOw异质结复合材料,利用 XRD、FESEM、EDS、XPS 和 FTIR 测试方法对样品进行表征,通过测定甲基橙溶液的光降解率来评价样品的光催化活性。结果表明,在紫外光照射下,Cu2S/T-ZnOw纳米复合材料的光催化性能优于纯氧化锌晶须的。当 PVP 的浓度为 3.0 g/L 时,样品的光催化活性最高,在紫外光照射 120 min 后,甲基橙的降解率为 97%。经过 4 个周期的光催化实验后,Cu2S/T-ZnOw 催化剂的光催化活性并没有明显下降,说明该样品具有优异的光稳定性。此外,讨论了Cu2S/T-ZnOw 纳米复合材料的光催化机理。     

Large-scale syntheses of uniform ZnO nanorods and ethanol gas sensors application

Uniform ZnO nanorods with a gram scale were prepared by a low temperature and solution-based method. The samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and photoluminescence (PL). The results showed that the sample had uniform rod-like morphology with a narrow size distribution and highly crystallinity. Room-temperature PL spectra of these nanorods show an exciton emission around 382 nm and a negligible deep level emission, indicating the nanorods have high quality. The gas-sensing properties of the materials have been investigated. The results indicate that the as-prepared nanorods show much better sensitivity and stability. The n-type semiconductor gas sensor exhibited high sensitivity and fast response to ethanol gas at a work temperature of 400 °C. ZnO nanorods are excellent potential candidates for highly sensitive gas sensors and ultraviolet laser.     

基于氧化钛纳米管模板电沉积氧化锌纳米棒

研究了氧化锌纳米棒在用二次阳极氧化法制备的二氧化钛纳米管模板表面的电沉积生长。与一次阳极氧化法对比,以二次阳极氧化法获得的氧化钛纳米管薄膜为模板,更有利于形貌均一、取向一致的ZnO纳米棒的电沉积生长,并且在电解质溶液中添加六次甲基四胺(HMT)、适当延长沉积时间均可提高ZnO纳米棒的结晶度和择优生长趋势。当沉积电压为1.0~1.5 V时,可获得形貌规则的ZnO纳米棒;而电压继续增大时,ZnO沿c轴择优生长趋势消失,电沉积产物氧化锌纳米棒由六边形氧化锌纳米片取代。     

Sonochemical synthesis and gas sensing properties of well-aligned ZnO nanorods

A simple method of using ultrasound radiation is presented here as a means of fabricating the well-aligned one-dimensional nanostructure of zinc oxide nanorods. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize ZnO nanorods prepared under different concentrations of precursors. The morphologies of the ZnO nanorods can be controlled by varying the concentration of the solution. An investigation of the gas sensing property of the materials confirms that the properties of the sensors are influenced by the morphologies of the nanorods. The results indicate that the ZnO nanorods have great potential as gas sensors.     

Synthesis of ZnO nanorods and their optical absorption in visible-light region

Single crystalline ZnO nanorods were prepared by the hydrothermal method with synthesized ZnCl2·4Zn(OH)2 as the precursor. Morphologies of the nanorods were controlled by various reaction conditions with cetyltrimethylammo-nium bromide (CTAB) as the modifying agent. The nanorods were characterized by XRD, TEM, UV-Vis spectra, and IR spectra. The microstructure of holes in nanosize was observed on the surface of the nanorods. The UV-Vis spectra indicate that the as-prepared ZnO nanorods have absorption of visible-light as well as ultraviolet-light. Therefore, these nanorods may be good candidates for visible-light photocatalysis materials from the viewpoint of practical applications. The reason for visible-light absorption was discussed in this article.     

Improving color rendering index of Mn-doped ZnO nanorods on silicon-based substrate

Porous silicon pillar array(PSPA) samples which are ideal substantial materials with dominant electronic and luminescence properties were prepared by surface etching method. ZnO nanorods with or without Mn doping grown uniformly and aligned onto PSPA regardless of lattice matching show various photoluminescence(PL)properties. The doped Mn ions in ZnO nanorods were directly observed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and ZnO structures were detected by X-ray diffraction(XRD). As the doping concentration increases,XRD peaks of ZnO nanorods shift to low angle. The influences of doping Mn ions on luminescence properties of ZnO nanorods were investigated. Except for the ultraviolet(UV) PL band, the broad PL band is observed at visible region. The band could be divided into three separate bands(orange, green and red) by Lorentzian deconvolution. The intensity of orange PL band firstly increases then decreases, and then gets the maximum at the doping Mn-to-Zn molar ratio of 2.0:100.0 which is the most effective doping concentration. The green PL band is attributed to zinc vacancy of ZnO, the orange PL band to Mn ions recombination of itself, and the red PL band to oxygen vacancy of ZnO, respectively. As the Mn-doped ZnO nanorods could emit yellow green luminescence excited by UV radiation, and doped Mn ions could improve the color rendering index of the luminescence, the nanorods could be used as promising white-light emitters in the future.     

Synthesis of GaN nanorods on Si substrates with assistance of the volatilization of ZnO middle layers

GaN nanorods have successfully been synthesized on Si(111) substrates via ammoniating ZnO/Ga2O3 films at 950℃. Ga2O3 thin films and ZnO middle layers were deposited in turn on Si(111) substrates by r.f. magnetron sputtering system. ZnO volatilized at 950℃ in the ammonia ambience and Ga2O3 reacted to NH3 to fabricate GaN nanorods in the later ammoniating process. The volatilization of ZnO layers played an important role in the fabrication. The structure and composition of the GaN nanorods were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR). The orphology ofGaN nanorods was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electronic microscope (TEM). The analyses of measured results revealed that GaN nanorods with hexagonal wurtzite stxucture were prepared by this method.     

ZnO and TiO2 1D nanostructures for photocatalytic applications

ZnO and TiO₂ 1D nanostructures (nanorods and nanotubes) were prepared by low-cost, low-temperature, solution-based methods and their properties and photocatalytic performance were studied. ZnO nanorod samples with titania and alumina shells were also prepared by solution-based methods, and their properties and photocatalytic performance were compared to that of bare ZnO nanorods. We found that ZnO and TiO₂ exhibited comparable photocatalytic performance. Faster dye degradation under simulated solar illumination was observed for ZnO, while under UV illumination faster degradation was observed for TiO₂. ZnO nanorods with titania shells exhibited inferior photocatalytic performance, while for alumina shells the performance was similar to bare ZnO. Reasons for observed differences are discussed, and the effect of the shell on photocatalytic activity is attributed to the changes in native defects at the ZnO surface/shell interface.     

Oxidation of etched Zn foil for the formation of ZnO nanostructure

Oxidation of Zn foil at temperatures of 100-400 °C was carried out in air to produce ZnO with various nanostructures. The final morphology of the oxidised Zn foil is largely dependent on the oxidation temperatures. At less than 300 °C, spherical oxide grains are seen. At 400 °C, 50 nm thick, porous nanosheets were formed after 30 min of oxidation. In portions of the samples, nanorods can be seen with diameters <10 nm and lengths reaching 1 μm. The nanosheets were formed in accordance to a vapour-solid mechanism whereas the nanorods were formed by diffusion of Zn through a certain path leading to the rod structure. At 450 °C, the nanorods became much more uniform. Oxidation at 500 °C resulted in ZnO nanorods. The rods are also blunt with smaller rods seen to branch out from the main rod. The luminescence properties of the ZnO were investigated as a function of the morphology of the oxide. Both green and blue emissions are seen for the samples with nanosheets whereas the nanorods ZnO has mostly green emission.     

Fabrication of Co-doped ZnO nanorods for spintronic devices

Herein, single-crystalline Zn_1?xCo_xO (0.0≤x≤0.10) nanorods were prepared using a facile microwave irradiation method. Structural analyses by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy revealed the incorporation of Co²⁺ in the lattice position of Zn²⁺ ions into the ZnO matrix. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and TEM micrographs revealed that the length and diameter of the undoped ZnO nanorods were about ～2 μm and ～200 nm, respectively. For Co-doped ZnO, the length and diameter were found to increase with an increase of Co doping. The selected area electron diffraction pattern indicated that the Zn_1?xCo_xO (0.0≤x≤0.10) nanorods had a single phase nature with the preferential growth direction along the [0 0 1] plane. Raman scattering spectra confirmed the shift of the E ₂ ^high mode toward a lower wave number, suggested successful doping of Co ions at Zn site into the ZnO. Magnetic studies showed that Co doped ZnO nanorods exhibited room temperature ferromagnetism and the magnetization value increased with an increase in Co doping. The synthesis method presented here is a simple approach to prepare ZnO based diluted magnetic semiconductors nanostructures for practical application to spintronic devices.     

微波水热法合成花状纳米ZnO及其光催化活性(英文)

使用氯化锌和精氨酸作为反应物,通过简单的微波水热技术制备花状纳米氧化锌。利用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对所合成的纳米氧化锌进行晶体结构和形貌的表征。通过拉曼光谱和光致发光(PL)光谱对纳米氧化锌的光学性能进行研究,证实了合成物为高结晶度的纳米氧化锌。在紫外光辐射下,合成的ZnO光催化降解亚甲基蓝(MB)有较好的效果,紫外光催化2h后亚甲基蓝的降解率达到95.60%。ZnO光催化降解亚甲基蓝可以描叙为一级动力学反应,降解速率常数在1.0675～1.6275h-1的范围中,这与所合成的ZnO形貌有关。