聚苯胺膜/不锈钢复合双极板的耐蚀性和导电性

目的在316L不锈钢(SS)表面沉积聚苯胺(PANI)薄膜,制备PANI/316L SS复合材料双极板,提高316LSS在质子交换膜燃料电池工作环境下的耐腐蚀性能和导电性能。方法采用循环伏安法,在0.1 mol/L苯胺单体与0.2 mol/L H2SO4组成的水溶液中,在316L SS基体上电化学聚合PANI薄膜。采用SEM观察表面形貌,采用FTIR和Raman分析PANI官能团结构,采用XPS分析PANI膜中元素组成和化学键合状态。采用开路电位(OCP)、极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究PANI/316L SS腐蚀性能。采用四探针技术研究PANI膜的导电性。结果 SEM观察显示PANI膜为纤维状堆积物。红外光谱发现苯环、醌环和S==O伸缩振动,拉曼光谱发现掺杂态的半醌自由基C—N+·,确定合成的PANI具有中间氧化态结构。XPS分析表明,聚合过程发生了质子酸掺杂,"对阴离子"(SO42-)进入PANI分子链中,掺杂度为3%～4%。电化学测试表明,PANI/316L SS的OCP为0.15～0.25 V,PANI使316L SS腐蚀倾向降低,随着Cl-浓度的升高,腐蚀电流密度增大。结论在酸性含Cl-介质中,PANI/316L SS体系耐蚀性好,膜/基界面处保护性氧化膜Fe2O3和Cr2O3的形成,使PANI/316L SS体系耐腐蚀性能提高。在制备条件下,PANI膜厚度介于146～315μm之间,电导率范围为1.33～8.91 S/cm。     

磷化聚苯胺固化含环氧基硅树脂涂层的制备及性能

为了改善有机硅树脂的固化条件及其涂层的防腐蚀性能,以γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷（GPTMS）、硅酸乙酯（TEOS）、二甲基二乙氧基硅烷（DMDMS）为硅烷单体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了含环氧基的硅树脂（ESiR）,并以磷化聚苯胺（PANI）为固化剂制备了硅树脂防腐蚀涂层,分析了PANI固化含环氧基硅树脂的固化反应。通过测试固化时间、涂层的柔韧性和硬度、热失重曲线等考察了PANI添加量对涂层固化程度的影响;通过附着力、接触角、吸水率、电化学阻抗谱和极化曲线测试了PANI添加量对涂层性能的影响。结果表明：当PANI添加量（质量分数）为3 %时,得到的涂层固化效果较好,涂层既具有良好的柔韧性,又有较高的硬度;且涂层表现出较好的疏水性、附着力和优异的防腐蚀性能,其接触角为103.5°,吸水率为8.91%;涂层的干、湿附着力均为0级;腐蚀电流密度为7.58×10^-8 A/cm²,电化学阻抗值达到3.4×10⁶ Ω·cm²。     

海洋环境蒙脱土改性聚苯胺环氧涂层的防腐蚀性能

为提高海洋环境环氧(EP)涂层长效防腐蚀性能,选用蒙脱土(Mt)聚苯胺(PANI)复合物对环氧涂层进行改性,研究其耐蚀性能与机理。首先采用化学氧化法制备PANI和四种不同Mt含量的PANI复合物,然后以EP为成膜物质,在Q235钢上制备不同含量PANI-Mt100∶7的环氧复合涂层,通过红外光谱(FTIR),X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM)对PANI、PANI-Mt微观结构和形貌进行研究并利用电化学方法研究复合环氧涂层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀性能与机理。结果表明:改性环氧涂层在浸泡0.5h和360h时的阻抗值分别为8.7×106Ω·cm~2和6.3×104Ω·cm~2,而掺入PANI-Mt100∶7后环氧涂层阻抗值明显增大,当PANI-Mt100:∶7掺入量为5%(质量分数)时,环氧涂层在浸泡0.5h和360h时的阻抗值最大,分别为2.7×108Ω·cm~2和1.1×107Ω·cm~2。     

聚苯胺/改性石墨复合材料的电化学制备及其防腐蚀性能研究

采用恒电流法、恒电流阶跃电流法、循环伏安法及自聚合法等4种方法将聚苯胺(PANI)原位沉积在自制的改性石墨(MGE)上,制备出聚苯胺/改性石墨复合材料(PANI/MGE)。利用扫描电镜和红外光谱对PANI/MGE的微观形貌和分子结构进行了表征,利用电化学阻抗谱研究了不同聚合方法所得复合材料的防腐蚀性能。结果表明,4种聚合方法所得复合材料微观形貌与聚合前的改性石墨相似,都呈现平面的片层结构,没有聚合物团簇聚集现象产生。4种聚合方法均能成功实现聚苯胺的原位沉积,聚苯胺与改性石墨之间存在较强的相互作用,且以恒电流阶跃所得复合材料中两者的相互作用最强。5种不同涂层中,恒电流阶跃聚合所得涂层的防腐蚀性能最好,稳定的自腐蚀电位及涂层阻抗最高;循环伏安聚合及恒电流聚合所得两种复合涂层的阻抗及自腐蚀电位均随时间的延长而逐渐下降,涂层很快失效。     

镁合金表面可降解涂层的制备及其性能

目的 研究生物医用镁合金表面可降解涂层的制备,并对其制备条件、防腐蚀性能,体外降解性、细胞毒性等进行表征。方法 首先合成功能单体7-(2-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙氧基)-4-甲基香豆素(MAC)和2-亚甲基-1,3-二氧杂环庚烷(MDO),选择乙酸乙烯酯(VAc)作为共聚单体,通过自由基开环聚合合成可降解聚合物P(MAC-VAc-MDO)(PMVO)。将PMVO溶于二氯甲烷中并利用浸涂法在AZ31镁合金表面制备可降解涂层,探究不同制备条件(不同浸涂次数、不同聚合物浓度和不同环境温度)对涂层的膜厚、单位面积膜重以及水接触角的影响,并选择最佳涂层制备条件。采用动电位极化曲线测试对涂层的防腐蚀性能进行表征,可降解涂层的体外降解性和细胞毒性通过模拟体外降解实验和细胞实验进行表征。结果 当浸涂次数为3次、聚合物质量浓度为30 mg/mL、环境温度为40 ℃时,浸涂法制备的涂层均匀致密,此时该涂层具有良好的防腐蚀性能,模拟体外降解实验证明涂层样品浸泡后的pH和镁离子浓度与裸镁相比均有所下降,浸提液细胞毒性实验证明涂层的降解产物无毒。结论 通过自由基开环聚合成功制备聚合物PMVO,并通过浸涂法制备镁合金表面可降解涂层,通过实验证明最佳条件下制备的涂层具有良好的防腐蚀性能、生物可降解性以及细胞毒性。     

原位界面聚合法制备聚吡咯 / 棉织物导电复合材料

目的改进制备聚吡咯/棉织物导电复合材料的原位界面聚合方法。方法将改进的一步三相聚合方式与传统二步二相聚合方式进行分析对比,探讨吡咯浓度、氧化剂用量、水相浴比和油相浴比等制备条件对复合材料导电性能的影响,对产物进行形貌表征,并初步探讨三相界面聚合经历的主要过程。结果确定了较优聚合工艺条件:吡咯浓度0.2 mol/L,氧化剂/单体用量比为1.5,水相浴比为10 m L/g,油相浴比为30 m L/g,吐温-80质量浓度为2 g/L,反应温度为0℃,时间为2 h。该条件下,在棉织物表面获得了一层分布均匀且具有三维网状多孔结构形貌的导电聚吡咯膜。初步建立了反应模型:有机相中的表面活性剂胶束包裹吡咯单体,接近浸没于水相中的棉织物表面,在纤维吸附的Fe3+的引发作用下发生原位聚合。结论采用的水/纤维/油三相体系原位界面聚合方法具有耗时较短、操作简单、原料节省且适用于大面积制备等特点,可得到表面电阻在100~200Ω/sq的柔性导电复合材料。     

导电聚合物/纳米银复合薄膜的制备及特性研究

采用化学气相聚合法制备了聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩(PEDOT))/纳米银复合薄膜,研究了复合纳米薄膜的导电及电化学性能。研究结果表明,PEDOT/纳米银复合薄膜的电导率为54.8 S/cm,高于纯PEDOT薄膜的电导率(17.3 S/cm),复合纳米薄膜的比容量为174.5 F/g,明显高于纯PEDOT薄膜的比容量。循环测试1000次后,复合膜的比容量保持率为81.6%,具有良好的电化学稳定性。这种化学气相聚合制备的聚合物复合纳米薄膜在超级电容器及导电材料领域有着良好的应用前景。     

TiO2/PVB-PANI/PVB双层涂层对不锈钢的防腐机理研究

目的 制备一种新型绿色环保的TiO2/PVB-PANI/PVB双层复合涂层,研究复合涂层对不锈钢在NaCl溶液中的防腐作用机理。方法 使用原位化学氧化法合成聚苯胺（PANI）,以PVB为粘合剂,甲醇为溶剂,用浸渍提拉法和刮涂法在不锈钢表面制备TiO2/PVB-PANI/PVB双层涂层。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、紫外可见漫反射（UV-Vis DRS）、X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线能谱（EDS）等方法对材料的官能团、光吸收性能、结构和形貌组成等进行了研究,用电化学方法和划痕浸泡实验对比了TiO2/PVB-PANI/PVB双层涂层和PANI/PVB涂层的耐蚀性能,并分析探讨了相应的防腐蚀机理。结果 TiO2/PVB-PANI/PVB双层涂层光响应电流为250 nA/cm2,与PANI/PVB涂层相比,其光电位下降0.12 V。电化学测试表明,TiO2/PVB-PANI/PVB双层涂层试样相对不锈钢的自腐蚀电位升高,自腐蚀电流密度减小,容抗弧半径增大,光照时,其界面处电化学反应速率明显增加。划痕浸泡实验表明,有无光照下,TiO2/PVB-PANI/PVB双层涂层的耐腐蚀性能均优于PANI/PVB涂层,而光照下两种涂层的耐蚀性能对比更为明显。结论 TiO2/PVB-PANI/PVB双层涂层依靠物理屏蔽、聚苯胺的防腐作用和光致阴极保护的协同作用为不锈钢提供优异的防腐蚀效果。     

光催化剂载体— — —羧基氟碳共聚物纤维膜的制备及耐光降解性能研究

以甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯(DHFMA)和甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为单体,通过溶液聚合制备出MAA含量不同的羧基氟碳共聚物(DHFMA-co-MAA),并通过静电纺丝装置制备了羧基氟碳共聚物纤维膜。研究了MAA含量和溶剂对纤维膜形貌的影响,分析了纤维膜的耐光降解性能,结果表明:MAA含量25%的DHFMA-co-MAA以DMF作为纺丝溶剂,MAA含量10%的DHFMA-co-MAA以丁酮+DMF(质量比为2∶8)作为纺丝溶剂,均可以制备出表面平滑、纤维直径较小、形态均一的纤维膜;MAA含量10%的DHFMA-co-MAA纤维膜的光稳定性能更好,更适合用作光催化剂载体。     

Ag包覆Ni复合纳米粉体的制备及其导电性能

用化学镀法,以葡萄糖为还原剂,制备了Ag包覆Ni复合纳米粉体,并用制备的复合纳米粉作为导电相配制了导电浆料。用XRD、TEM和电阻率测定等手段研究了粉体的相结构、形貌、粒度和导电性能。结果表明,制备的Ag包覆Ni复合纳米颗粒具有壳/核结构,核为纳米Ni,壳为Ag,复合纳米颗粒粒度分布为20~100 nm,Ag层的厚度约为4 nm。Ag包覆Ni复合纳米粉导电浆料在1.33 Pa的真空下,采用200℃/60 min的烧结工艺,可制得电阻率为(1.26~2.83)×10-4Ω·cm的导电膜,其导电性能优于纳米Ni粉、纳米Cu粉和纳米Ag-Cu合金粉导电浆料。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。