Listen to the Brain in Real Time-The Chengdu Brainwave Music

Electroencephalogram (EEG) provides a window for the activity of the human brain. As a novel form of the brain-computer interface (BCI), the online/offline EEG data may be interpreted through its auditory representation which can be considered as a specific tool in EEG monitoring and analysis. In this work, after a comprehensive comparison of the various designs of brainwave music generations, a waveform event mapping system for music display in real time-the Chengdu Brainwave Music (CBM) is proposed, which is a special on-line BCI system. In CBM, the user datagram protocol (UDP) is adopted to transport EEG data from the recorder to a music generator. The CBM could possibly be used as an audio feedback tool in BCI, or a monitoring tool in clinic EEG, and a subject specified music therapy method.     

A Study on SSVEP-Based BCI

Abstract-Brain-computer interface （BCI） can help the deformity person finish some basic activities. In this paper, we concern some critical aspects of SSVEP based BCI, including stimulator selection, method of SSVEP extracting in a short time, stimulating frequency selection, and signal electrode selection. The conclusion is that the stimulator type should be based on the complexity of the BCI system, the method based on wavelet analysis is more valid than the power spectrum method in extracting the SSVEP in a short period, and the selections of stimulating frequency and electrode are important in designing a BCI system. These contents are meaningful for implementing a real SSVEP-based BCI.     

Detrended Fluctuation Analysis of the Human EEG during Listening to Emotional Music

A nonlinear method named detrended fluctuation analysis （DFA） was utilized to investigate the scaling behavior of the human electroencephalogram （EEG） in three emotional music conditions （fear, happiness, sadness） and a rest condition （eyes-closed）. The results showed that the EEG exhibited scaling behavior in two regions with two scaling exponents β1 and β2 which represented the complexity of higher and lower frequency activity besides α band respectively. As the emotional intensity decreased the value of β1 increased and the value of β2 decreased. The change of β1 was weakly correlated with the ＇approach-withdrawal＇ model of emotion and both of fear and sad music made certain differences compared with the eyes-closed rest condition. The study shows that music is a powerful elicitor of emotion and that using nonlinear method can potentially contribute to the investigation of emotion.     

Common Spatial Pattern Ensemble Classifier and Its Application in Brain-Computer Interface

Common spatial pattern (CSP) algorithm is a successful tool in feature estimate of brain-computer interface (BCI). However, CSP is sensitive to outlier and may result in poor outcomes since it is based on pooling the covariance matrices of trials. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective approach, named common spatial pattern ensemble (CSPE) classifier, to improve CSP performance. Through division of recording channels, multiple CSP filters are constructed. By projection, log-operation, and subtraction on the original signal, an ensemble classifier, majority voting, is achieved and outlier contaminations are alleviated. Experiment results demonstrate that the proposed CSPE classifier is robust to various artifacts and can achieve an average accuracy of 83.02%.     

Brain–computer interface connected to telemedicine and telecommunication in virtual reality applications

A novel brain–computer interface work is proposed for the applications of virtual reality in telemedicine and telecommunication in this study, in which the aim is to enhance the interactions between the humans and computers with virtual reality technologies. The system mainly contains automatic artifacts removal, feature extraction, significant feature selection and classification. A similarity measure approach is proposed to automatically remove the artifacts, which effectively reduce the influence of artifacts and simultaneously achieve higher accuracy. The artificial bee colony algorithm is used to select significant sub-features from feature combinations, which further greatly enhance the classification accuracy. Experimental results indicate that the proposed system performs better than several state-of-the-art approaches. It is also recommended that it is suitable for the applications of virtual reality in telemedicine and telecommunication.     

An Algorithm for Idle-State Detection and Continuous Classifier Design in Motor-Imagery-Based BCI

Abstract-The development of asynchronous brain-computer interface （BCI） based on motor imagery （M1） poses the research in algorithms for detecting the nontask states （i.e., idle state） and the design of continuous classifiers that classify continuously incoming electroencephalogram （EEG） samples. An algorithm is proposed in this paper which integrates two two-class classifiers to detect idle state and utilizes a sliding window to achieve continuous outputs. The common spatial pattern （CSP） algorithm is used to extract features of EEG signals and the linear support vector machine （SVM） is utilized to serve as classifier. The algorithm is applied on dataset IVb of BCI competition Ⅲ, with a resulting mean square error of 0.66. The result indicates that the proposed algorithm is feasible in the first step of the development of asynchronous systems.     

Increased Arousal Levels and Decreased Sleep by Brain Music in Rats

More and more studies have been reported on whether music and other types of auditory stimulation would improve the quality of sleep. Many of these studies have found significant results, but others argue that music is not significantly better than the tones or control conditions in improving sleep. For further understanding the relationship between music and sleep or music and arousal, the present study therefore examines the effects of brain music on sleep and arousal by means of biofeedback. The music is from the transformation of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) of rats using an algorithm in the Chengdu Brain Music (CBM) system. When the brain music was played back to rats, EEG data were recorded to assess the efficacy of music to induce or improve sleep, or increase arousal levels by sleep staging, etc. Our results demonstrate that exposure to the brain music increases arousal levels and decreases sleep in rats, and the underlying mechanism of decreased non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and REM sleep may be different.     

Brain–computer interface: The next frontier of telemedicine in human–computer interaction

The study proposes a novel brain–computer interface scheme for the next frontier of telemedicine in human–computer interaction, where the goal is to improve the interactions between users and computers in telemedicine. The system consists of discriminative area selection, feature extraction and classification. Discriminative area selection is proposed to obtain the optimal discriminative area, which can decrease the time length of event-related area to achieve more efficient computation and higher accuracy. A fuzzy Hopfield neural network is used to classify the features extracted by means of wavelet-fractal approach. Experimental results show that the proposed system is robust and performs better than several previous methods. It is also suggested being suitable for the applications of telemedicine in human–computer interaction.     

多处理器实时图像处理系统中的接口

介绍了由多片DSP-ADSP21062和一片FPGA-EP1K100组成的多处理器实时图像处理系统.简述了其系统结构和工作过程.详细讨论了FPGA与DSP间的接口结构和时序、多片ADSP21062间链路口通讯接口结构和时序.     

离子注入在铝／硅接触之间的应用

为了改善铝/硅之间非均匀性的溶解和浅结的电性能,在n型衬底上制作浅的P~+-n结,淀积Al后将B~+ 离子注入到Al-Si界面进行混合。420℃的温度中热处理10分钟。实验结果表明,注入样品结的漏电比非注入样品的漏电有明显的改善。     

第三代移动通信系统的演进趋势

本文根据世界各国向ITU提交的无线传输技术(RTT)方案 ,讨论了向第三代移动通信系统演进的趋势。     

双缓冲区技术在数字音频实时处理中的应用

随着个人多媒体计算机性能的飞速提高，人们逐渐开始利用个人计算机进行数字音频的实时处理。用户对声 采集到的原始音频信号进行一定处理后，将数字音频信号送到声卡重放。     

从某工程项目的开发建设中论建设项目开发经营与风险

本在对建设项目开发的基本涵义进行分析和归纳的基础上，对某建设项目的风险问题进行评价分析，阐述了建设项目的经营与风险回避的基本思路。     

构建农村信息服务体系加快成都村村通建设

1 农村通信现状及原因 目前我国通信事业高速发展，但是许多农村，特别是偏远山区、丘陵地区，与城市在通信基础设施建设、通信质量、通信服务上存在很大差距。当室内覆盖、IP电话和宽带上网等通信手段已经成为城市居民日常生活一部分的时候，“装电话难”、“信息不畅”等问题仍困扰着我市部分山区、丘陵地区。     

电影中的高科技通信变成现实

“世界是平的”这句话在今天的沟通世界之中正在成为切近的现实。先进的思科统一通信(Unified Communications)解决方案正在将电影中的高科技通信变成现实的沟通体验,而体验创新的沟通模式同样为商业带来便利和快捷。近日,思科统一通信解决方案从《谍中谍3》和《反恐24小时》等     

Linux下网络虚接口的设计与实现

网络虚接口对特殊数据包的处理起着很大的作用。文章介绍了网络虚接口的概念，在对传统的网络接口比较分析的基础上，设计和实现了一个基于量Linux的用于对发送数据包的内容进行特殊处理的网络虚接口。     

智能手机上具有真实感水滴效果算法

文中介绍了如何在有固定管线的3D硬件加速器的智能手机上实现在玻璃表面产生水滴和小股水流动画的算法。文中针对水滴算法中最消耗计算时间的光照部分，提出一种环境贴图算法来代替管线追踪算法渲染水滴光影效果。     

多功能接口卡的设计及其在激光信号自动化检测中的应用

介绍一种功能多、性能好、成本低的计算机接口卡的设计，以及在激光信号自动化检测处理中的应用。     

广域网协议转换器在接入网中的应用

从广域网协议转换器的应用出发,介绍了几种常用广域网转换器的特点、功能实现、应用范围以及在网络组建中要注意的环节.     

利用自动测试系统(ATS)提高产品的批生产性

本文结合产品的生产过程,详细介绍了利用计算机、GPIB接口等组成的自动测试系统来提高产品批生产性的实现方法.