分散染料微胶囊的制备及其在锦纶染色浴中缓释性能研究

采用原位聚合法制备芯壁比1∶3、不同粒径及分布的系列分散染料微胶囊。采用激光粒径分析仪和SEM表征分散染料微胶囊的粒径分布及外形,通过DatacolorSF600PlusCT分光测色仪测定染色锦纶织物的表面色深度即K/S值表征微胶囊的缓释性能。实验结果表明:相同芯壁比,平均粒径越小、分布越窄的胶囊缓释性较强,pH值对胶囊缓释性影响较小。微胶囊对锦纶染色选择在130℃、40min、pH值在6￣7下染色,可达无助剂、无污染染色。     

超细涤纶微胶囊分散染料染色动力学及热力学参数

将偶氮、蒽醌、杂环三种不同结构类型的微胶囊分散染料对涤纶超细织物进行无助剂高温高压染色,结合IOB值(无机/有机平衡值),考察了扩散系数Dt、半染时间t1/2、比速率常数k’及吸附等温线类型等染色动力学和热力学参数。结果表明:与织物IOB值相近或较大的微胶囊分散染料具有较高的Dt值;随Dt值增大,平衡吸附量C∞增大,k’值增大,但t1/2值减小;不同结构类型的微胶囊分散染料在涤纶超细织物上的吸附呈现Lang-muir型和混合型吸附类型。     

分散染料微胶囊染色动力学

为了探索分散染料微胶囊在涤纶无助剂高温高压染色过程中的动力学行为,文中采用分散染料微胶囊、纯分散染料和商品分散染料,通过薄膜卷层法测定染料的扩散系数及扩散速率;通过建立染色动力学模型,研究分散染料微胶囊在涤纶无助荆高温高压染色的染色速率常数、平衡上染量及半染时间。结果表明：对染料进行微胶囊化并没有改变分散染料的扩散系数、扩散速率,但改变了染色速率常数及半染时间。     

艾叶提取物驱蚊微胶囊的制备

以天然驱蚊植物——艾叶提取物为芯材,采用复相乳液法制备驱蚊微胶囊。讨论了初乳中乳化剂用量、芯材与二氯甲烷体积比、壁材用量、保护性胶体浓度等对微胶囊粒径的影响,获得了最佳制备工艺。将粒径最小的微胶囊与黏合剂以一定比例混合后整理到涤纶织物上,并对驱蚊效果进行测试和分析。结果表明:最佳制备工艺为初乳中乳化剂体积分数为6%,芯材与二氯甲烷体积比为1∶6,壁材质量分数为4%,保护性胶体质量分数为2%;制得的微胶囊最小平均粒径为2.78μm;整理到涤纶织物上的驱蚊效果显著,蚊虫驱避率达到70%。     

界面聚合法制备聚酰胺微胶囊的缓释性能研究

从环保的角度出发,制备了一种环保型分散染料微胶囊,解决了分散染料在纺织行业中的使用难题。以对苯二甲酰氯与乙二胺为壁材,分散染料2BLN为囊芯,采用界面聚合法制备分散染料微胶囊,同时考察了芯壁比、相比、乳化剂用量及乳化时间对微胶囊释放性能的影响。结果表明,随着芯壁物质的量比的减小和保护胶体用量的增加,缓释性能增加;随着乳化时间的延长和乳化剂质量分数的增大,缓释性能减小。     

吸湿速干聚酯纤维的性能及染色工艺研究

对添加共聚型亲水改性剂的吸湿速干聚酯(PET)纤维进行结构性能测试,并与常规PET纤维进行比较,采用分散染料对吸湿速干PET纤维进行染色,探讨了染色温度、染液p H值和染色时间对吸湿速干PET纤维上染率的影响。结果表明:吸湿速干PET纤维截面为扁十字形,其织物的滴水扩散时间小于1 s、蒸发速率为0.23 g/h,而常规PET纤维织物的滴水时间为1.91 s,蒸发速率为0.25 g/h;吸湿速干PET纤维的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)为59.8℃,低于常规PET纤维的Tg(81.03℃);采用分散红3B、分散黄SE-3R和分散蓝2BLN对吸湿速干PET纤维染色,较佳工艺是染料质量分数为2%(相对织物),浴比为1∶100,染液p H值为6,100℃染色40 min,染色后吸湿速干PET纤维织物的各项色牢度均在4级以上,达到了服用要求。     

不同分散染料微胶囊的制备及应用

采用原位聚合法进行双层造壁，对不同结构的分散染料进行胶囊化。将分散染料高速均化后，在pH=4～6时加入TMM，65℃保温1．5小时，再滴加一定量PEHMM，在75℃时保温2.5小时进行双层造壁、C.I.分散橙30染料胶囊的粒径平均值为13．53μm，中值8．732μm；C.I．分散蓝56微胶囊粒径平均值为36.3μm，中值24.87μm。胶囊染色结果显示：这两只染料性能优于传统染料，染色后其废液的吸光度分别为0.021和0.003，比传统染色废水的1.286和0.786低很多。     

驱蚊微胶囊的制备及对粘胶面料的功能整理

利用青蒿挥发油作为芯材制备不同芯壁体积比的青蒿挥发油微胶囊对粘胶纤维面料进行整理,并通过测试青蒿挥发油微胶囊平均粒径与整理前后面料服用性能与驱蚊效果的变化,分析青蒿挥发油微胶囊作为驱蚊整理剂最佳的芯壁体积比。研究表明,按芯壁体积比为2:1制备的青蒿挥发油微胶囊粒径最小,且使用该比例制备的青蒿挥发油微胶囊整理后的粘胶纤维面料不仅保留了粘胶纤维面料的性能,驱蚊效果也较佳,综合芯壁比为2:1为最佳比例。     

原位聚合法制备分散染料微胶囊

以尿素和甲醛为壁材,分散染料酸性红GP(C.I.266)为囊芯制备了分散染料微胶囊。用SEM和Zeta激光粒度测定仪观察分析微胶囊的粒径分布,讨论了反应条件对微胶囊粒径分布的影响。通过实验,提出了制备该分散染料微胶囊的最佳反应条件为:壁材n(尿素)∶n(甲醛)=2∶3,分散剂阿拉伯树胶质量分数为5%,m(芯材)∶m(壁材)∶m(分散剂)=1∶7 25∶2 5,在pH=3,80℃和搅拌速率为1500r/min的体系中反应2h。     

分散染料微胶囊多次转移印花效果初探

分散染料被微胶囊化后,在不同的转印温度、转印时间、转印浓度下,对纯涤织物进行多次转移印花.通过测色仪测定织物的K/S值发现:分散染料微胶囊进行转印的次数在适当条件下可达10次以上,且其K/S值可基本保持不变;不同的转印条件对胶囊化染料的转印效果有较大影响.     

Decolorization of disperse and reactive dye solutions using ferric chloride

The composition of wastewater from dyeing and textile processes is highly variable depending on the dyestuff type; typically it has a high chemical oxygen demand. This study examined the decolorization of some of the most commonly used disperse and reactive dyestuffs by destabilization using ferric chloride as a coagulant. Dye removal, distributions of zeta potential, concentration of suspended solids, changes of the SCOD/TCOD ratio and distributions of SV and SVI values were investigated in this work. Compared to reactive dyes, disperse dyes have lower solubility, higher suspended solids concentrations and lower SCOD/TCOD ratios. It was concluded that disperse dye solutions are more easily decolorized by chemical coagulation than reactive dye solutions.     

棉织物漂染废水的污染预测

为明确棉织物漂染废水中污染物的组分,采用m(BOD5)/m(CODCr)法测试了常用染料和助剂的可生化性,按实际漂染工艺和配方对棉织物进行前处理、染色和柔软处理,收集各阶段试验废水并进行分析。研究结果表明,棉织物漂染废水的CODCr主要由各种难降解的助剂和棉织物上的有机物所组成,其中各种难降解助剂的CODCr占废水总CODCr的63.3%,残余染料造成的色度高达800倍,柔软剂的CODCr在漂染废水总CODCr中所占的比例最大,约为57.5%。     

Studies in dyeing. I. Effect of crystal modification of disperse dyes on their dyeing behavior

Three commerical disperse dyes and a laboratory-synthesized disperse azo dye were converted to different crystal forms. These were characterized by melting point, x-ray diffractograms, and their dyeing behavior on polyester fibers. The different crystal modifications of the same dye were shown to dye polyester fibers (but not polyamide fibers) at different rates and to different fiber saturation values. An attempt has been made to explain these differences based on a thermodynamic approach. An attempt is made to apply the concept of crystal modification of disperse dyes to some of the earlier studies done on dyeing and printing of disperse dyes on polyester and secondary cellulose acetate substrates reported in the literature.     

Direct Contact Membrane Distillation Applied to Colored Reactive or Disperse Dye Solutions

The influence of dye class and chromogen groups of dyeing wastewaters composed by reactive or disperse dyes with different colors on direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) was investigated. The state‐of‐the‐art shows that disperse dyes and different dye colors are not studied in DCMD and the application of DCMD for dyeing wastewater treatment is limited to a few publications. High color rejection was obtained and water was recovered at the permeate side for feed solutions containing reactive or disperse dye. Influence of chromogen groups (colors) was not observed, whereas the class dye was decisive for the process performance. Reactive dyes showed higher mean permeate flux due to the repulsion between their anionic groups and the negative surface of the membrane. Partial wetting of larger pores allowed the passage of small disperse dye molecules, reducing color rejection.     

Effect of microencapsulation on dyeing behaviors of disperse dyes without auxiliary solubilization

Microencapsulated disperse dye can be used to dye hydrophobic fabric in the absence of auxiliaries and without reduction clearing. However, little available information for dyeing practice is provided with respect to the effect of microencapsulation on the dyeing behaviors of disperse dyes. In this research, disperse dyes were microencapsulated under different conditions. The dyeing behaviors and dyeing kinetic parameters of microencapsulated disperse dye on PET fiber, e.g., dyeing curves, build up properties, equilibrium adsorption capacity C_∞, dyeing rate constant K, half dyeing time t_1/2, and diffusion coefficient D were investigated without auxiliary solubilization and compared with those of commercial disperse dyes with auxiliary solubilization. The results show that the dyeing behaviors of disperse dye are influenced greatly by microencapsulation. The diffusion of disperse dyes from microcapsule onto fibers can be adjusted by the reactivity of shell materials and mass ratios of core to shell. The disparity of diffusibility between two disperse dyes can be reduced by microencapsulation. In addition, the microencapsulation improves the utilization of disperse dyes due to no auxiliary solubilization. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

聚乳酸纤维的常压染色研究

在常压下,用七种分散染料及其复配染料对聚乳酸纤维进行染色,并对染色纤维进行了牢度性能测试。除了黄棕色外,其余染料的上染率都随着色度的增加而下降。同一只染料在同一的色度下,延长染色时间对增加染料的上染率作用不明显。随着染色温度的升高,黄素色和蓝色染料的上染率得到明显的提高,而对深红色和黄棕色染料而言这种作用并不明显。同时,通过测量染色纤维的色彩强度定量的描述了染料上染率对温度的敏感性。     

Investigation of alkaline hydrolysis of phthalimide‐based azo dye and its application to after‐treatment optimisation for high‐fastness dyeing of polyesters

4‐Amino‐N‐methylphthalimide was prepared from phthalimide for use as a diazo component and was coupled with N,N‐Diethylaniline to produce a phthalimide‐derived monoazo disperse dye. The pseudo first‐order kinetics were confirmed by analyzing the dye hydrolysis under alkaline conditions using high performance liquid chromatography, and the optimal dyeing pH and alkali‐clearing conditions were proposed. The synthesised phthalimidyl disperse dyes exhibited excellent colour fastness with a mild alkaline after‐treatment instead of reduction clearing which results in a high biological oxygen demand and pH in conventional disperse dyeing wastewater.     

羊毛活性/分散染料染色染料相互作用研究

在一定工艺条件下，用活性染料染羊毛，再用分散染料套染，其K／S值大于单独使用活性和分散染料染色的K／S值之和，活性染料对羊毛起到了改性作用，使分散染料染色湿牢度有显著提高。随着活性染料浓度的增加，分散染料的上染率也增加。用分散染料套染活性染料，其匀染性相对于单独使用活性染料有提高。     

芳纶1313的超高温高压染色研究

本文采用超高温高压法对芳纶1313进行染色,分别研究了染料种类和染色温度对芳纶1313纱线染色日晒牢度、K/S值及染透性等方面影响,结果发现,分散染料所染纱线的各项染色性能都比阳离子染料和还原染料好;随染色温度升高,日晒牢度、纤维表面颜色深度及其纤维染透性都得到了不同程度的改善,而纱线的断裂强度随染色温度的升高变化不大。     

The roles of elevated temperature and carriers in the dyeing of polyester fibres using disperse dyes: Part 1 fundamental aspects

This review concerns the application of disperse dyes to poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibres using aqueous immersion dyeing processes and the roles of both elevated dyeing temperatures and carriers in such dyeing systems. This part of the paper presents a review of the fundamental properties and characteristics of PET fibres, disperse dyes and dyeing accelerants. In the next part of the paper, the various theories and concepts that have been proposed to explain the promotional effects imparted by elevated dyeing temperatures and carriers to disperse dye uptake on PET and other types of fibre, are reviewed and analysed, from the viewpoints of the essential physico-chemical aspects of both the aqueous disperse dye/PET and disperse dye/carrier/PET systems. Later parts of the paper will present a mechanistic model of the disperse dye adsorption process based on dye solubility as well as a novel plasticisation model of dye diffusion.