季铵型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的无盐染色行为

以季铵型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺作为一种新的阳离子助剂对棉纤维进行处理,应用于活性染料无盐染色,对染色过程中染料与处理后棉纤维之间的吸附类型、吸附热力学及吸附动力学进行了研究。结果表明,无盐染色过程符合Langmuir吸附模型;吸附过程是放热自发进行的,低温有利于染料的吸附;吸附动力学符合二级动力学模型,属于化学吸附过程。与传统有盐染色结果相比,染色后的阳离子化棉纤维色深增加,染料利用率提高。     

季铵型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺水溶液的性质

季铵型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺作为阳离子助剂处理棉纤维,其水溶液性质影响助剂在纤维上的处理效果。考察水溶液黏度性质和电导性质,用助剂处理后纤维的无盐染色效果进行证明。结果表明：分子量低的季铵型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺在水溶液中比浓黏度较小,用其处理纤维有利于助剂在纤维上分布均匀,染色纤维匀染性好;阳离子化度高的助剂在水溶液中电离能力较强,处理后纤维所带正电荷数量增加,染色纤维色深K/S值增大。     

一种高分子季铵盐活性染料的合成

本文以聚乙烯亚胺为高分子骨架,通过与活性嫩黄X-RG反应,制备了一种高分子活性染料,然后再对所得染料进行季铵化改性,最终得到一种新型高分子阳离子活性染料。对该染料的耐溶剂性、酸碱性和溶解度等性能进行了测试,采用红外光谱对合成的高分子阳离子活性染料的结构进行了表征。在无盐染色条件下对棉织物进行浸染,上染率90%,固色率在...     

季铵型聚丙烯酰胺的制备及其在亚麻织物染色中的应用

以丙烯酰胺为原料采取水溶液聚合法制备中间体聚丙烯酰胺,再以该中间体与N-羟甲基二甲胺和碘甲烷反应制备季铵型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺,通过测定其阳离子化度及红外光谱进行表征。将不同阳离子化度的季铵型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺用于亚麻织物的染色研究,通过测定染色后织物的性能,研究季铵型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺对亚麻织物染色性能的影响,实验结果表明,当季铵型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的用量为1%,阳离子化度为26.07%,预处理后的亚麻织物上染率可达47.5%,与降解壳聚糖复配预处理后亚麻织物上染率可达51.0%。     

高取代度季铵型阳离子淀粉的合成研究

本文采用半干法制取高取代度季铵型阳离子淀粉，并对高取代度季铵型阳离子淀粉的合成原理和合成条件进行研究，通过实验，分析讨论反应温度、碱的用量及反应介质条件等因素对阳离子取代度及产品性能的影响，选择并确定反应的最佳条件。     

季铵型阳离子淀粉醚取代度的研究

介绍了变性淀粉取代度的概念，季铵型阳离子淀粉醚取代度的测定方法以及取代度对阳离子淀粉醚性质和使用效果的影响，着重讨论了制备过程中反应温度，反应时间，阳离子试剂等因素对季铵型阳离子淀粉醚取代度的影响。     

季铵型高取代度阳离子淀粉的合成

研究了季铵型高取代度阳离子淀粉的合成方法,并对其反应条件进行了探讨,分析讨论各反应因素对阳离子取代度及产品性能的影响,选择并确定反应的最佳条件。     

GTA阳离子化改性棉织物的活性染料无盐拼染研究

本文研究了多支活性染料在GTA阳离子化改性棉织物上的无盐拼染效果。通过测定染料的S、R、E、F值,绘制染料的渐进上染曲线,分析不同类型三原色染料间的配伍性能好坏,选择一组配伍性好与一组配伍性差的染料进行对比拼色,探讨传统有盐拼色染色工艺中的"配伍性"概念是否适用于阳离子化改性棉无盐拼色染色。其中染料配伍性能的评价采用比较S、R、E、F雷达图形相似程度的方法。本文实验结果证明了在阳离子化改性棉上进行无盐拼色染色,传统有盐拼色染色工艺中配伍性概念适用于阳离子化改性棉无盐拼色染色。     

非反应型阳离子助剂在一浴法无盐轧蒸染色工艺中的应用

使用自制的非反应型阳离子助剂对棉织物进行预处理,分别选用活性黄K-RN、活性艳红K-2BP、活性艳蓝KN-R进行一浴法无盐轧蒸染色试验.确定了阳离子助剂处理棉织物的最佳方式和使用的最佳浓度,并与常规有盐染色进行性能对比.结果表明,采用一浴法无盐轧蒸染色对染样的固色率、色光和牢度未产生影响.阳离子助剂的使用能够替代电解质的加入,染料利用率提高25％～40％.棉纤维阳离子化能够在相对较低的温度下进行,提高了该工艺的适用范围,最终达到节能减排的目的.     

季铵型高取代度阳离子淀粉的合成

研究了季铵型高取代度阳离子淀粉的合成方法．并对其反应条件进行了探讨．分析讨论各反应因素对阳离子取代度及产品性能的影响，选择并确定反应的最佳条件。     

阳离子淀粉絮凝剂在印染废水处理中的应用研究

以玉米淀粉及2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵(GTA)为主要原料,在碱(氢氧化钠)催化条件下,以水-乙醇混合溶剂为分散剂,运用干法制备了高效阳离子淀粉絮凝剂。对制得的阳离子淀粉絮凝性能研究结果表明,该阳离子淀粉对印染废水具有优异的脱色效果     

纯棉织物涂料染色工艺的研究

本文研究了阳离子改性纯棉针织物荧光涂料染色的新工艺,系统分析了涂料浓度、染色温度、粘合剂用量、焙烘温度等工艺参数对涂料染色织物各项性能的影响。通过测定染色织物的K/S值、摩擦牢度、皂洗牢度,得到柠檬黄荧光涂料对阳离子改性纯棉针织物染色的最佳工艺配方:涂料浓度为0.5%~3%(o.w.f.),染色温度为60℃,粘合剂用量为5 g/L,焙烘温度为120℃。     

Dyeing properties of net‐modified cotton fabric with triazine derivative containing the multireactive and multicationic groups

Cotton fabric was modified with a 1,3,5‐triazine derivative containing the multireactive and multicationic groups, 2,4,6‐tri[(2‐hydroxy‐3‐trimethyl‐ammonium)propyl]‐1,3,5‐triazine chloride (Tri‐HTAC). Compared with unmodified cellulose, the net‐modified cotton cellulose has different dyeing properties. The modified cotton was dyed with reactive dyes without the addition of salt. The color yield was higher than that on unmodified cotton, despite the addition of large amounts of salt in the latter case. After dyeing, compared with unmodified cellulose with reactive dyes, the reflectance spectrums of modified cotton did not change. The modified cotton got better wash fastness than the unmodified cotton. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 4388–4392, 2006     

Application of a hydrolyzable cationic agent,poly(acryloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride), in salt‐free reactive dyeing for good dyeing properties

Poly(acryloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride) (PAOTAC), in which cationic groups were connected with the polymer skeleton through ester bonds, was applied in the salt‐free reactive dyeing of cotton with the aim of achieving good dyeing properties. Exhaust and exhaust–pad–steam dyeing procedures were used with the cotton cationized with PAOTAC in the absence of salt; for comparison, both dyeing procedures were also applied with the untreated cotton in the presence of salt. The dyeing results show that only the exhaust–pad–steam dyeing procedure was suitable for dyeing cationic cotton to achieve a high dye fixation. Color yields, colorimetric properties, fastness properties, dyeing levelness, and penetration behaviors with different dyeing methods were evaluated. Compared with the dyeings with untreated cotton in conventional exhaust dyeing, dyeings with cationic cotton in the exhaust–pad–steam procedure showed equivalent or even better fastness with generally higher color yields and good dye penetration. Possible reasons for the improved salt‐free dyeing properties were proposed, and the hydrolysis of ester bonds within PAOTAC under the dyeing conditions was proven by IR spectroscopy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

锦/棉交织物活性染料一浴法染色工艺的研究

锦纶和棉的染色性能不同，所以锦/棉交织物的同色性染色工艺较为复杂。传统的染色方法是采用分散/活性，分散/直接，酸性/活性等两浴法染色。本文用活性染料对锦/棉织物进行一浴两步法染色。选择pH值4.5-5可以对锦纶染色，在碱性条件下对锦纶不上色或轻微上色的活性染料，首先在酸性条件下对锦纶纤维染色，然后调节pH值到碱性对棉纤维染色，得到了优异的同色性。     

Cationized sawdust as ion exchanger for anionic residual dyes

Using the same procedure as recently described for cotton fiber, the preparation of cationized wood sawdust was performed by treating alkali sawdust with epoxy propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (EPTMAC) in a nonaqueous medium (dimethylformamide, DMF). The fixation of ammonium groups onto sawdust was monitored by weight uptake, nitrogen content determination, and infrared spectroscopy. EPTMAC-sawdust with a 0.5 wt % nitrogen content is then used as adsorbent for acid dyes (Acid Blue 25, Acid Yellow 99, Reactive Yellow 23, and Acid Blue 74). The adsorption capacity, determined by spectrometric measurement of the residual dye in the treated solution, decreases with increasing temperature. The modeling of the adsorption isotherms using Langmuir, Freundlich, and General relations allows the determination of isotherm constants. Globally, EPTMAC-sawdust has a behavior similar to EPTMAC-cotton, and its use for depollution of waste waters from dyeing industries presents advantages over cotton, such as a larger availability and a lower price. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 31–37, 2001     

Application of polycarboxylic acid sodium salt in the dyeing of cotton fabric with reactive dyes

In this study, the effects of polycarboxylic acid sodium salt on the dyeing of cotton with reactive dyes were evaluated by measuring and comparing the K/S values and dyeing fastnesses of the dyed cotton fabric samples. Results showed that the K/S value and dyeing fastness of cotton fabrics dyed with polycarboxylic acid sodium salt, substituting inorganic salts as exhausting agent were close to that of with sodium chloride when dip‐dyeing process was used. While, in pad‐dry dyeing, the K/S value of cotton fabric samples dyed with polyacid salts as exhausting agent was higher than that of with sodium sulfate, and the dyeing fastnesses of these samples were nearly the same. The dyeing mechanism of cotton fabric with reactive dye, using polycarboxylic acid sodium salt as exhausting agent was analyzed. The dyeing exhausting mechanism of reactive dye seems different when the inorganic salt and polycarboxylic acid sodium salt were used as exhausting agent in the dyeing of cotton fabric with reactive dye. The polycarboxylic acid sodium salt, as weak electrolyte, increased the dye‐uptake of reactive dye on cotton fabric not only by screening negative charges on cotton surface, but also by the effect of salting‐out or hydrophobic combination. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

槐米染色棉织物工艺及其抗紫外性能研究

为实现槐米染料的工业化应用及提高棉织物的功能性,分析了使用壳聚糖、Al3+、Fe2+媒染剂预媒染色法对棉织物染色效果的影响,重点研究了铝预媒染方法染色温度、染色时间、pH值等工艺参数对染色棉织物K/S值的影响,并测试了槐米染色棉织物的抗紫外性能。结果表明:直接使用槐米染色的效果较差;壳聚糖媒染对上染效果影响不大,使用铝、铁媒染剂,可得到不同颜色的棉织物;铝媒染剂染色棉织物为鲜艳的黄色,为较好的媒染方法;铝预媒染染色方法染色优化条件为:温度为80℃,染色时间120分钟,染浴pH值为6.8;铝预媒染染色棉织物具有较好的抗紫外性能。