Buck-Boost隔离直流转换器设计

在Buck-Boost隔离直流转换器宽范围输入电压的条件下,分析了典型的全桥Boost转换器拓扑结构,由于存在的谐振电感包括漏电感,全桥Boost转换器只能采用双边沿调制。该转换器采用UC3895作为控制器,对全桥单元采用移相转换控制的方式,为了提高全桥Boost转换器系统的可靠性和效率,采用三模式两频率控制方式,在输入宽范围电压的情况下,最高500V输入,360V输出。在此采用Matlab软件进行仿真,实验结果表明输入电压平均效率范围是96．2％,最高效率能达到97．5％。     

2MHz、600mA小型直流/直流转换器

美国国家半导体公司推出一款小巧的2MHz、600mA脉冲宽度调制(PWM)降压直流/直流转换器LM3674,适用于移动电话、个人数字助理、MP3播放机、便携式仪器、无线局域网、数字相机以及便携式硬盘驱动器。LM3674可以利用一颗锂电池或2.7V～5.5V输入电压为低电压电路供电,只要输入电压保持在该范围内,所提供的负载电流可以高达600mA。若采用低噪音且固定频率的PWM模式,则其峰峰值输出电压纹波不会超过5mV。此外,该芯片的内部同步整流功能可以提高PWM模式的操作效率,停机模式下供电自动关闭,电池耗电量减少至0.01uA(典型值)。LM3674采用SO…     

直流变换器AIC1578原理及应用

AIC1578为高效直流电压变换器,它最大的优点是本身功耗低,功能引脚少,仅需极少外围元件配合便可组成高性能的电路,最适合便携式设备应用。主要特点如下：供电电压范围为直流4-20V;采用了PFM（脉冲频率调制）方式对输出进行调节：具有很高的电源转换效率。当由9V直流电源,获得2A电流、5V电压的输出时,转换效率超过90％;输出脉冲频率范围为90-280kHz;     

一种具有750mA输出电流，双模式PWM/PFM控制的高效率直流-直流降压转换器

提出了一种输m电流可达750mA,脉宽调制(PwM)和变频调制(PFM)双模式控制的,高效率、高稳定性直流.直流降压转换器.该转换器在负载电流大于80mA时,采用开关频率为lMHz的PwM工作模式;在负载电流小于80mA时,采用开天频率减小和静态电流降低的PFM工作模式,实现了在整个负载电流变化范围(0.02～750mA)内,转换器均保持高效率.而且采用一种快速响应的电压模式控制结构,达到了优异的线性和负载调整特性.芯片采用CSMC公司0.5μm CMOS 2P3M混合信号上艺物理实现.测试结果表明,该电路可根据负载的变化在PWM和PFM模式下自动切换.最大转换效率达96.5%;当负载电流为0.02mA时,转换效率大于55%.该芯片特别适合电池供电的移动系统使用.     

一种具有750mA输出电流,双模式PWM/PFM控制的高效率直流-直流降压转换器

提出了一种输出电流可达750mA,脉宽调制（PWM）和变频调制（PFM）双模式控制的,高效率、高稳定性直流-直流降压转换器.该转换器在负载电流大于80mA时,采用开关频率为1MHz的PWM工作模式;在负载电流小于80mA时,采用开关频率减小和静态电流降低的PFM工作模式,实现了在整个负载电流变化范围（0.02~750mA）内,转换器均保持高效率.而且采用一种快速响应的电压模式控制结构,达到了优异的线性和负载调整特性.芯片采用CSMC公司0.5μm CMOS 2P3M混合信号工艺物理实现.测试结果表明,该电路可根据负载的变化在PWM和PFM模式下自动切换.最大转换效率达96.5%;当负载电流为0.02mA时,转换效率大于55%.该芯片特别适合电池供电的移动系统使用.     

一种宽负载高效率Buck转换器设计

本文提出了一种双模式调制技术,以提高宽负载范围内降压型DC-DC转换器的转换效率。采用自适应导通时间电路(AOT)和斜坡信号V_RAMP产生电路来维持转换器连续导通时间(CCM)工作模式下开关频率基本稳定;利用过零检测电路来检测电感电流,当电感电流过零时,能及时关断续流管,降低开关损耗,进一步提升轻载转换效率。该DC-DC基于SMIC 0.18 um BCD工艺进行电路仿真验证,该电路可在0～3A宽负载范围内正常工作,在输入电压3～5V范围内,PFM模式下输出电压纹波小于5.2mV,1m A负载下转换效率为87.37%。在PWM模式下输出电压纹波小于2.8mV,3A负载下最低转换效率为84.24%。峰值效率可达94.91%,全负载范围内转换效率大于84%。     

电流模式脉宽调制直流-直流同步降压转换电路的设计

文章设计了一种电流模式脉宽调制直流-直流同步降压转换电路,输入电压可达40V,输出电流可达2A,开关频率350kHz。电路运用片上电流采样,结合分段斜率补偿,该峰值电流模式脉宽调制控制,获得了相当好的线性和负载调整率,以及较快的负载动态响应速度。在整个负载电流范围内(200mA～2A)内其具有高转换效率。     

一种具有750mA输出电流,双模式PWM/PFM控制的高效率直流一直流降压转换器

提出了一种输m电流可达750mA,脉宽调制(PwM)和变频调制(PFM)双模式控制的,高效率、高稳定性直流.直流降压转换器.该转换器在负载电流大于80mA时,采用开关频率为lMHz的PwM工作模式;在负载电流小于80mA时,采用开天频率减小和静态电流降低的PFM工作模式,实现了在整个负载电流变化范围(0.02～750mA)内,转换器均保持高效率.而且采用一种快速响应的电压模式控制结构,达到了优异的线性和负载调整特性.芯片采用CSMC公司0.5μm CMOS 2P3M混合信号上艺物理实现.测试结果表明,该电路可根据负载的变化在PWM和PFM模式下自动切换.最大转换效率达96.5%;当负载电流为0.02mA时,转换效率大于55%.该芯片特别适合电池供电的移动系统使用.     

宜普电源转换公司推出高性能氮化镓功率晶体管

正氮化镓(eGaN)功率晶体管继续为电源转换应用设定业界领先的性能基准。由于氮化镓器件具有更低的导通电阻、更低的电容、更大的电流及卓越的热性能,因此使得功率转换器可实现超过98%的效率。宜普电源转换公司宣布推出六个新一代功率晶体管及相关的开发板。这些由30V至200V的产品在很多应用可大大降低导通电阻(RDS(on))并可增强输出电流性能,例如具高功率密度的直流-直流转换器、负载点(POL)转换器、     

双降压直流/直流转换器LM2717及其应用设计

LM2717是美国国家半导体公司推出的一款全新的高性能转换器。该芯片内含两颗降压脉宽调制（PWM）直流／直流转换器，其中一颗专门用来提供固定输出3．3V电压，而另一颗则专门用来提供可调节输出电压。这两颗转换器芯片都设有导通状态电阻（RosoN）低至只有0．16Ω的内部开关，以确保可以发挥最高的转换效率，而且工作频率可以在300kHz与600kHz之间的范围内加以调节，使系统可以采用较小巧的外置元件。每一颗转换器也可以用自己的关闭引脚单独进行关闭。     

A High Efficiency Dual-Mode Buck Converter IC For Portable Applications

This paper presents the design of a novel wide output current range dual-mode dc to dc step-down (Buck) switching regulator/converter. The converter can adaptively switch between pulsewidth modulation (PWM) and pulse-frequency modulation (PFM) both with very high conversion efficiency. Under light load condition the converter enters PFM mode. The function of closing internal idle circuits is implemented to save unnecessary switching losses. The converter can be switched to PWM mode when the load current is greater than 100 mA. Soft start operation is designed to eliminate the excess large current at the start up of the regulator. The chip has been fabricated with a TSMC 2P4M 0.35 mum polycide CMOS process. The range of the operation voltage is from 2.7 to 5 V, which is suitable for single-cell lithium-ion battery supply applications. The maximum conversion efficiency is 95% at 50 mA load current. Above 85 % conversion efficiency can be reached for load current from 3 to 460 mA.     

基于电荷泵的低压启动高效率Boost DC/DC变换器设计

设计了一种在供电电源电压稍高于MOS管阀值的超低压条件下就能正常工作的宽输入电压范围的DC/DC变换器。电荷泵的启动模块和Boost升压模块集成于同一芯片中,在电压低于2.2V（typical）时,芯片包括两部分的工作过程,首先由电荷泵的启动模块使电压升高至2.2V,然后由输出电压为Boost转换器模块供电,使芯片正常工作。输入电压高于2.2V时,只有Boost模块工作。为使芯片实现高效率的转换,在轻载情况下,采用PFM调制模式;在重载情况下,采用PWM调制模式;通过逻辑控制两种模式自动切换,实现了良好的负载调整率。芯片采用SMIC 0.5um CMOS工艺设计并流片测试,在0.83V的电源电压时,芯片能正常启动工作。在电压VIN=1.2V,VOUT=3.3V时,最大效率达到87%,所有电压和负载范围内效率不低于50%。该芯片可用于单电池供电的系统中。     

Design of high efficiency dual-mode buck DC-DC converter

A buck DC-DC switching regulator with high efficiency is implemented by automatically altering the modulation mode according to load current,and it can operate with an input range of 4.5 to 30 V.At light load current,the converter operates in skip mode.The converter enters PWM mode operation with increasing load current.It reduces the switching loss at light load and standby state,which results in prolonging battery lifetime and stand-by time.Meanwhile, externally adjustable soft-start minimizes the inru...     

A dual-mode fast-transient average-current-mode buck converter without slope-compensation

A dual-mode fast-transient average-current-mode buck converter without slope-compensation is proposed in this paper. The benefits of the average-current-mode are fast-transient response, simple compensation design, and no requirement for slope-compensation, furthermore, that minimizes some power management problems, such as EMI, size, design complexity, and cost. Average-current-mode control employs two loop control methods, an inner loop for current and an outer one for voltage. The proposed buck converter using the current-sensing and average-current-mode control techniques can be stable even if the duty cycle is greater than 50%. Also, adaptively switch between pulse-width modulation (PWM) and pulse-frequency modulation (PFM) is operated with high conversion efficiency. Under light load condition, the proposed buck converter enters PFM mode to decrease the output ripple. Even more, switching PWM mode realizes a smooth transition under heavy load condition. Therefore, PFM is used to improve the efficiency at light load. Dual-mode buck converter has high conversion efficiency over a wide load conditions. The proposed buck converter has been fabricated with TSMC 0.35 μm CMOS 2P4M processes, the total chip area is 1.45×1.11 mm². Maximum output current is 450 mA at the output voltage 1.8 V. When the supply voltage is 3.6 V, the output voltage can be 0.8-2.8 V. Maximum transient response is less than 10 μs. Finally, the theoretical analysis is verified to be correct by simulations and experiments.     

A Dual-Mode Step-up DC/DC Converter IC with Current-Limiting and EMI Reduction Techniques

This paper presents a novel dual-mode step-up （boost） DC/DC converter. Pulse-frequency modulation （PFM） is used to improve the efficiency at light load. This converter can operate between pulse-width modulation （PWM） and pulse-frequency modulation. The converter will operate in PFM mode at light load and in PWM mode at heavy load. The maximum conversion efficiency of this converter is 96%. The conversion efficiency is greatly improved when load current is below 100 mA. Additionally, a soft-start circuit and a variable-sawtooth frequency circuit are proposed in this paper. The former is used to avoid the large switching current at the start up of the converter and the latter is utilized to reduce the EMI of the converter.     

A zero-current-switched off-line quasi-resonant converter withreduced frequency range: analysis, design, and experimental results

A half-bridge zero-current-switched (ZCS) offline quasi-resonant converter (QCR) operating in full-wave mode is implemented to reduce the modulation frequency range due to load variations. The design and characteristics of the converter are described and compared with their half-wave counterpart in frequency range, component stress, and efficiency. An experimental converter which delivers output power from 10 to 100 W with a modulation frequency from 700 kHz to 1.4 MHz is presented. The converter showed superior transient response compared to the corresponding half-wave converter. The efficiency of the full-wave converter at full-load was several percent lower than that of the half-wave converter and decreases at a much faster rate as the output power decreases     

一种带自适应斜坡补偿的PCM控制Boost变换器

设计了一种带自适应斜坡补偿的峰值电流模式(PCM)控制Boost变换器。采用一种低功耗自适应斜坡补偿电路,使得升压(Boost)变换器能够实现宽输出范围和高带载能力。在此基础上,提出了一种应用于Boost变换器的电感电流采样电路,该电路实现了高采样速度和高采样精度,且具备全周期的电感电流采样特点。变换器基于SMIC 180 nm BCD CMOS工艺设计。仿真结果表明,该带自适应斜坡补偿的PCM控制Boost变换器输入电压转换范围为2.8 V～5.5 V,输出电压转换范围为4.96 V～36.1 V,最大输出负载电流高达5 A。     

A voltage mode buck DC–DC converter with automatic PWM/PSM mode switching by detecting the transient inductor current

This paper presents a voltage mode buck DC–DC converter that integrates pulse-width modulation (PWM) and pulse-skipping modulation (PSM) to achieve high efficiency under heavy and light load conditions, respectively. Automatic mode-switching is implemented simply by detecting the voltage drop of high-side power switch when it is on, which indicates the transient current flowing through the inductor. Unlike other methods based on average current sensing, the proposed auto-mode switching scheme is implemented based on voltage comparison and simple control logic circuit. In order to avoid unstable mode switching near the load condition boundary, the mode switching threshold voltage is set differently in PWM and PSM mode. Besides, a 16-cycle counter is also used to ensure correct detection of the change in the load condition and fast response of the converter. In addition, a dual-path error amplifier with clamp circuit is also adopted to realize loop compensation and ensure 100 % duty cycle operation. Fabricated in a 0.18-μm standard CMOS technology, the DC–DC converter is able to operate under supply voltage from 2.8 to 5.5 V with 3-MHz clock frequency. Measurement results show that the converter achieves a peak efficiency of 93 %, and an output voltage ripple of less than 40 mV, while the chip area is 1.02 mm².     

Boost变换器跨周期调制(PSM)的状态空间平均模型

基于Boost变换器,利用状态空间平均法对跨周调制(Pulse Skipping Modulation,PSM)进行建模和特性分析,推导出电感电流连续(CCM)和电感电流断续(DCM)时系统变压比,调制度M与负载的关系及系统转换效率的理想化公式,得到PSM具有轻载下高转换效率的结论,并设计具有PSM调制特性的控制电路,给出仿真结果。