凝固参数对ZA27合金二次枝晶间距及抗拉强度的影响

ZA27合金是近20年来发展起来的一种新型铸造有色合金,具有较好的力学性能,但是,由于其很宽的结晶温区,组织多为的树枝晶,导致力学性能下降.本文采用差热分析方法研究DTA曲线特征参数、凝固开始温度和冷却速率对二次枝晶间距ADAs的影响,同时使用IAS-4图像分析系统分析了合金的微观组织.结果表明:DTA曲线峰高与二次枝晶间距呈线性关系;二次枝晶间距与冷却速率符合指数关系.     

ZL109合金圆柱体铸件凝固期热参数、二次枝晶间距、抗拉强度之间关系的研究

本文针对ZL109合金圆柱体铸件,在砂型铸造条件下,研究了凝固时间τ,温度梯度G,凝固指数fi,真温度梯度加速度GAP与铸件二次枝晶间距DAS,孔洞率戶和极限抗拉强度UTS之间的关系。结果表明:1.τ,fi与DAS的关系最为密切。2.DAS和户都影响铸件的UTS,在本实验条件下,DAS的影响是主要的,P可忽略不计,可以用DAS来评定UTS。3.fi与UTS的关系最为密切,用fi来控制UTS更为有效。此外,还探讨了铸件由表及里DAS的变化及用DAS无损测试铸件UTS的精度。     

一次枝晶间距模型及在单晶高温合金中的验证(英文)

本文评述了二元系统一次枝晶间距模型的发展及特点,并验证了在多元合金系统中的适用性,结果表明,在 DD8单晶高温合金中,λ_1-G 关系符合二元系统模型,但λ_1-V 关系和二元系统模型有较大的偏离,λ_1为一次枝晶间距,G 为温度梯度,V为凝固速率。在本文凝固条件下,DD8合金的λ_1-G,V关系式为:λ_1=1141.5G~(-0.52)V~(-0.12),其中λ_1单位为μm,G 为 K/mm,V为μm/s。     

强脉中电流对铸造ZA27合金性能的影响

在砂型铸造ZA27合金的凝固过程中施加强脉冲电流，测量了得到了试样的力学性能，结果表明，脉冲电流可明显抑制ZA27合金中枝状晶的长大，提高合金的抗拉强度及延伸率。     

温度梯度对定向凝固Al-4.5%Cu合金一次枝晶间距的影响

使用5kg坩埚下拉式定向凝固设备,对Al-4.5%Cu合金进行定向凝固试验,研究Al-4.5%Cu合金在不同温度梯度下一次枝晶间距的变化规律。结果表明:在其他凝固参数不变时,随着温度梯度的增大,一次枝晶逐渐变小,细密,挺直,基本呈平行状分布,同时计算的一次枝晶间距值与Hunt模型计算值接近,实验测得的一次枝晶间距的回归曲线为:y=2843478.3x2-70217.4x+543.8。用温度梯度较高的实验值来模拟时,可得到1λ=26.7G-0.5-135.9,一次枝晶间距λ1与G-0.5基本呈线性关系,这和Hunt模型分析结果一致。     

一次枝晶间距模型及在单晶高温合金中的验证

本文评述了二元系统一次枝晶间距模型的发展及特点，并验证了在多元合金系统中的适用性，结果表明，在ＤＤ８单晶高温合金中，λ１－Ｇ关系符合二元系统模型，但λ１－Ｖ关系和二元系统模型有较大的偏离，λ１为一次枝晶间距，Ｇ为温度梯度，Ｖ为凝固速率，在本文凝固条件下，ＤＤ８合金的λ１－Ｇ，Ｖ关系式为：λ１＝１１４１．５Ｇ＾－０．５２Ｖ＾－０．１２，其中λ１单位为μｍ，Ｇ为Ｋ／ｍｍ，Ｖ为μｍ／ｓ。     

一次枝晶间距对DD26单晶高温合金持久各向异性的影响

研究了取向对高速冷却法(DD26-HRS)和液态金属冷却法(DD26-LMC)制备的DD26单晶高温合金760℃/670 MPa条件下持久性能的影响。结果表明,DD26-HRS合金一次枝晶间距明显大于DD26-LMC合金,而且DD26-HRS合金持久各向异性更为严重。位错形貌显示靠近[001]-[012]边界试样变形以基体内多滑移为主。由于DD26-HRS合金γ′相尺寸较大,抑制了层错带剪切γ′相的变形机制,从而使得DD26-HRS合金持久寿命高于LMC合金。然而,靠近[001]-[112]边界试样变形以单方向层错剪切γ′相为主,基体内开动的位错较少,DD26-HRS合金枝晶间粗大的碳化物相周围易于位错的堆积,从而萌生裂纹并沿碳化物界面迅速开裂,造成DD26-HRS合金持久寿命低于DD26-LMC合金。     

强磁场对Al-7%Si合金凝固过程中初生α-Al枝晶分布的影响

采用超导强磁场装置研究了磁场强度对有、无细化剂颗粒Al-7%Si(质量分数)合金凝固组织的作用效果。研究发现,施加强磁场使无细化剂颗粒合金中的初生α-Al枝晶转变为发达枝晶形貌,二次枝晶生长充分,三次枝晶分支明显,枝晶尖端清晰可见;晶粒细化,且枝晶主轴与磁场方向呈30°规则排列。施加强磁场后初生α-Al枝晶数量和Si在α-Al中的溶解度都有少量增加。强磁场抑制添加细化剂合金熔体中的对流,加剧了Ti的重力偏析,使初生α-Al相出现明显枝晶化趋势,方向性增强,枝晶臂粗化明显。     

稀土对ZA27合金压蠕变的影响

采用自制的实验装置研究了稀土 (Ce≥ 45 % )对ZA2 7合金在常温及高温时的压蠕变行为的影响。研究表明 ,在所试验的温度为 2 0℃～ 160℃和压应力为 5 0MPa～ 13 7 5MPa的范围内 ,加稀土的ZA2 7—RE合金和未加稀土的ZA2 7合金的压蠕变量均随着温度和应力的升高而增大 ,ZA2 7—RE合金的压蠕变速率小于ZA2 7合金的压蠕变速率。加入稀土后 ,合金在压蠕变过程中的负蠕变量及出现负蠕变的温度和应力范围增大。两种合金的稳态蠕变速率均符合于半经验公式ε　 's=Aσnexp( -Qa RT)。但在不同的温度 ,ZA2 7—RE合金的应力指数平均值n( 4 66)和表观激活能平均值Qa( 70 45KJmol- 1 )均大于ZA2 7合金的应力指数平均值n( 3 87)和表观激活能平均值Qa( 68 2 2KJmol- 1 ) ,而合金的材料结构常数A为 4 82× 10 - 5,低于ZA2 7合金的材料结构常数A( 0 0 0 2 )。两种合金的稳态蠕变速率均是由锌的点阵自扩散和位错的攀移所控制     

混合稀土对ZA27合金高温力学性能的影响

研究了混合稀土对高铝锌基复合金高温力学性能的影响,结果表明;在ＺＡ２７合金中,添加适量的稀土后,晶界处形在了相当数量硬而分散的复杂成分化合物,从而使合金在１５０℃时的强度,硬度有明显提高,塑性和冲击韧性也有的改善。     

Effect of solidification cooling rate on the fatigue life of A356.2-T6 cast aluminium alloy

The effect of the cooling rate during solidification on the fatigue life of a cast aluminium alloy (A356.2-T6) is examined. The fatigue lives were determined for specimens removed from ingots with a gradient in cooling rates along their heights. Low- and high-cycle fatigue tests were conducted under both axial loading and reciprocating-bending conditions at a stress (strain) ratio ( R ) of −1.0, 0.1 and 0.2. Results show that the fatigue life decreases by a factor of three in low-cycle fatigue ( R = −1.0) and by a factor of 100 in high-cycle fatigue ( R = 0.1) as solidification cooling rate decreases from ~10 to ~0.3 K s⁻¹ , as indicated by measurements of the secondary dendrite arm spacings in the ingots. Fatigue cracks initiated from porosity in the material solidified at slower cooling rates. When pore size is below a critical size of ~80 μm, as a result of increasing the cooling rate, the fatigue cracks initiated from near-surface eutectic-microconstituent. When present at or near the surface, large oxide inclusions initiated fatigue cracks.     

新型熔炼工艺下GH4169合金的凝固组织控制研究

为探求新型熔炼工艺(三联)下GH4169合金大型重熔锭组织调控、元素偏析改善的方法,研究了熔速对氩气保护电渣重熔GH4169合金重熔锭枝晶间距、Laves相的尺寸及分布和显微疏松的影响,定量分析了熔速对组织与成分偏析的影响规律.研究发现:随着熔速的增加,GH4169合金重熔锭边缘处的枝晶间距基本保持不变;中心处二次枝晶间距呈增大趋势.边缘和中心处的疏松尺寸随熔速增加变化平缓,R/2处先增大后减小.心部的Laves相比例较高且随着熔速增加呈上升趋势,而R/2处趋势相反;重熔锭不同部位的偏析区比例随熔速无明显变化.枝晶间距越小,越有利于减轻偏析.     

Influence of a weak static magnetic field on the primary dendrite arm spacing of a directionally solidified Ni-based superalloy

Magnetic field applied in the solidification can influence the primary dendrite arm spacing (PDAS) of alloys. The effect of a weak static magnetic field on the PDAS of Ni-based superalloy DZ417G with different dimension is studied in this paper. The results show that the PDAS for directionally solidified superalloy DZ417G under the weak static magnetic field is significantly decreased. With increasing the intensity of magnetic field from 0 to 0.05 T, the PDAS is decreased from 0.3 mm to 0.23 mm and from 0.61 mm to 0.48 mm for the ingots with 4 mm and 10 mm in the diameter, respectively. When the intensity of magnetic field is larger than 0.05 T, the PDAS is slightly increased. The influence of the interactive competition between the magnetic damping and thermoelectromagnetic convection caused by magnetic field on the PDAS for superalloy DZ417G is discussed.     

Effect of the cooling rate on the dendrite arm spacing and the ultimate tensile strength of cast iron

This paper describes a series of microstructural and strength studies performed on hypereutectic cast iron which was sand cast using a variety of end chills (metallic, non-metallic, water cooled and liquid nitrogen cooled, respectively). The effects of cooling rate on the dendrite arm spacing (DAS) and the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) were evaluated. Attempts were also made in the paper to explain these effects and to correlate the UTS with the DAS.     

Effects of quench aging treatment on microstructure and tensile properties of thixoformed ZA27 alloy

Abstract

The effects of quench aging heat treatment on microstructure and tensile properties of thixoformed ZA27 alloy were investigated. The results indicated that the microstructure of the alloy became into polygonal β phase particles after solid solution treatment at 350°C for 48 h. The β particles then decomposed into α and η phases which would coarsen during the subsequent aging at 150°C. It was observed that the Zn concentration in the β phase near the polygonal boundaries was higher than that within the β particles. As a consequence, both the decomposition speed of the former β phase and the subsequent coarsening speed were faster than those of the latter β phase. Thus, α and η phases near the boundaries were always coarser than those within the particles during aging. Owing to the coarsening, the ultimate tensile strength continuously decreased with increasing aging time. The percentage elongation increased up to 10 h, but decreased with aging time owing to bad deformation accommodation and low bonding strength between particles. Cracks initiated from some defects (e.g. inclusions and porosities) during tensile test, and the path for the cracks to propagation changed with the aging time.     

离心压力和冷却速度对AZ91镁合金凝固组织的影响

旨在优化AZ91镁合金凝固组织,通过OM和XRD设备研究了不同离心压力和冷却速度对AZ91镁合金凝固组织演变的影响,结果表明,随着离心压力的增大,合金晶粒尺寸细化,第二相β(Mg12Al17)析出量减少,不保温试样,β相形态由粗大连续网状向细小断续状转变,保温试样,β相为粒状弥散分布晶内,压力增大,颗粒数量减小,粒径细化.同等凝固压力下,增大冷速,一次β相析出量增多,二次β相析出量减少.XRD分析表明,增大离心压力β相峰值略微减弱,α-Mg的晶格常数减小.     

Microstructure and dendrite morphology of Sip/ZA27 composite

Abstract

The effects of pouring temperature, Si content and P modification on the microstructures and dendrite morphologies of Si_p/ZA27 in situ composites have been investigated. Especially, the dendrite morphologies have been visually shown through observation of shrinkage porosity microstructure. The results indicate that the primary α-Al grains change from equiaxed dendrites to parallel distributed columnar-like dendrites as the pouring temperature rises from 575 to 800°C. The change tendency in dendrite morphology with increasing Si content is opposite to that with rising pouring temperature. However, these parallel distributed dendrites with highly anisotropic morphology are not feathery grains. The P modification promotes the formation of feathery grains, and this kind of grains can form when the P modified 4·76 wt-% Si_p/ZA27 composite is poured at 750°C. There are four lines of secondary dendrite arms around one primary trunk of a feathery grain. Two of them are located in the twin plane (111), and they are easier to grow up than the other two. Therefore, the feathery grains are always in a laminar structure that is overlapped by two-dimensional structured laminar dendrites. The formation process and three-dimensional structure of the feathery grains have also been discussed.     

超音速气体雾化高硅铝合金粉末冷却速度计算

通过快速凝固技术制备合金材料,可以大幅度细化合金组织,其技术的冷却速度.本文通过对流换热原理对超音速气体雾化高硅铝合金粉末的冷却速度进行了理论计算,结果表明其冷却速度大约在104～107K/s之间,说明利用超音速气体雾化制备高硅铝合金粉末可以达到很高的冷却速度;另外,通过测定合金粉末内部凝固枝晶间距,并利用冷却速度和枝晶间距之间的经验关系,确定合金冷却速度,其结果与理论计算基本相符.