共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 203 毫秒
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国内外储粮害虫防治技术研究的新进展(2) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
(接第3期)3.2 非化学杀虫剂防治3.2.1 植物及其油的杀虫效果美国堪萨斯大学研究了用中国花椒粉防治麦蛾的效果和机理,研究得出花椒粉中黄木灵成分对麦蛾的产卵和幼虫的取食有明显抑制作用。德国汉诺威大学研究印度产的菖蒲精炼油对防治储粮害虫具有潜在的能力,其活性物质——β—细辛脑对储粮害虫有毒力和不育作用。美国研究者Shaaya.E最近对大量各种香料和草药提取出的精油防治储粮害虫进行了较系统的研究,并在实仓条件下评价了这些油的生物活性,证明对四纹豆象是一种潜在的控制剂,在储粮保护和减少化学杀虫剂的应用方面可起到良好的作… 相似文献
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柑橘类精油的提取及应用现状 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
柑橘精油是天然香料精油中的一大类,其主要成分是萜烯类、倍半萜烯类以及高级醇类、醛类、酮类、酯类等组成的含氧化合物;无色透明,具有诱人的橘香味,在食品以及化妆品行业具有广泛的应用价值。本文主要介绍了柑橘类精油的物理性质:柑橘类精油的水蒸汽蒸馏法、压榨法、溶剂提取法、超临界萃取法等提取方法以及影响提取效果的各种因素;柑橘类精油在糖果饮料等食品,化妆品以及在饲料等行业中的的应用现状以及发展趋势。 相似文献
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亚临界水萃取技术在植物精油提取中的应用潜力 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
植物天然精油含有多种活性成分,在医药、食品、烟用、化妆品等行业有着广泛的应用。亚临界水萃取技术作为一种新型的绿色萃取技术,越来越受到国内外研究者的关注,将其应用于植物精油的提取,对精油品质的提升具有重要意义。文中介绍了亚临界水萃取技术的原理、影响萃取效果的因素以及在植物精油萃取中的应用,对亚临界水在植物精油提取方面的应用进行了潜力分析和应用展望。 相似文献
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柑橘类精油的提取及应用现状 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
柑橘类果皮中富含柑橘精油,柑橘精油是天然香料精油中的一大类,其主要成分是萜烯类、倍半萜烯类以及高级醇类、醛类、酮类、酯类等组成的含氧化合物;无色透明,具有诱人的橘香味,在食品以及化妆品行业具有广泛的应用价值.本文主要介绍了柑橘类精油的物理性质;柑橘类精油的水蒸气蒸馏法、压榨法、溶剂提取法、超临界萃取法等提取方法以及影响提取效果的各种因素;柑橘类精油在糖果饮料等食品,化妆品以及在饲料等行业中的的应用现状以及发展趋势. 相似文献
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柑橘类植物为柑橘属(Citrus L.)、金柑属(Fortunella)和枳属(Poncirus)植物的总称,主要包括橙子、橘子、柠檬、柚子、香橼等,在世界各地均有广泛种植。柑橘类植物精油主要成分为萜烯类化合物及其含氧衍生物,在不同的产地、季节气候和栽培条件下,其化学成分的种类与含量有一定差异。柑橘类精油的提取方法主要有冷榨法、水蒸气蒸馏法、溶剂提取法、微波提取法和超临界流体提取法。随着技术的进步和需求的提高,还出现了一些新颖且有效的技术。这些提取技术制备得到的柑橘类植物精油往往具有浓郁的香气和多种功效,在食品、卷烟、日化、医疗等领域应用广泛。该文对柑橘类植物精油的成分、提取方法及其应用的最新研究进展进行综述,以期为进一步研究与利用柑橘类精油提供理论依据。 相似文献
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总结了国内外各种鱼干虫害及其影响因素和主要防治措施,并提出了目前鱼干防虫中存在的不足和需要进一步研究的问题。鱼干虫害主要是一些在鱼干加工和储藏过程中对鱼干产生侵害的蛾类和甲虫类。影响虫害的主要因素是盐度、湿度和鱼干的脂肪含量。鱼干虫害的防治方法主要有化学方法和物理方法,化学方法主要是使用各种熏蒸剂和杀虫剂,随着人类对食品安全意识的提高,现在更倾向于使用各种天然无毒或毒性很低的物质,如天然提取物防虫。物理方法有诱捕法、辐射法、尼龙网罩法和采用新型包装材料等。 相似文献
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近年来,人们对在食品中使用天然抗菌剂代替化学防腐剂的兴趣日益增加。就此而言,精油这种具有挥发性且安全无害的天然植物次生代谢产物无疑将会在食品功能包装领域得到广泛的研究和应用。目前大量研究表明,加入精油后的食品包装可增强食品的抗菌和抗氧化活性、减缓酶促褐变、改变食品周围的气体环境以及水蒸气渗透等效果。本文特以此为切入点,介绍了植物精油的生物学效应,以及植物精油作为一种活性成分在当前的研究、开发和应用。因此,开发植物精油用作生物基食品包装,将精油本身与纳米乳液纳入活性或智能包装中,加入到产品或包装表面涂层、充入气调包装中、在包装内添加小袋和加入到包装膜上等,无疑可以用来改善产品品质的影响,减少食品行业的浪费。该研究还涵盖了植物精油在食品包装中的常见技术应用,如可降解的生物薄膜、微胶囊包埋、纳米乳液和静电纺丝等,以期为植物精油在包装领域的应用提供新途径。 相似文献
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Published information about insect pest infestation in dried or preserved animal products comprising food items like dried fish and milk powder and non-food materials such as hides and skins, silkworm cocoons, wool and woollen materials, honeybee combs, fishmeal and museum collections/exhibits and control measures has been summarised in this review. Beetle and moth pests belonging to the Dermestidae and Tineidae, respectively, attack the animal products, during the processing or manufacturing stage as well as in storage. The insects cause considerable loss or damage to the commodity in terms of quantity, quality and market value. Silk, apiculture and leather industries are particularly affected by the pests. Data on the extent of losses due to insect pests in various preserved animal products are lacking. Insect control measures in these products differ depending on the conditions of storage or processing and the relevant cost factor. Phosphine fumigation plays an important role in insect pest elimination in the majority of the stored animal products. For disinfesting museum objects and honeycombs, freezing (for artefacts) or modified atmosphere application of CO2 or nitrogen is preferred. Commodities such as woollen materials, dried fish, fishmeal and feeds containing animal products and their storage premises are sometimes treated with residual contact insecticides such as deltamethrin, pirimiphos-methyl, permethrin and synergised pyrethrins. For protecting animal products, especially dried fish, different countries have examined alternatives including plant extracts and vegetable oils.The need for detailed studies on (i) fumigation with alternatives to methyl bromide such as sulphuryl fluoride, ethyl formate and ozone, (ii) disinfestation methods involving the active principles from natural products and (iii) exploitation of insect traps for pest management in museums has been highlighted. 相似文献
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Qi Li Jia Chen Zongyao Huyan Yuxing Kou Lirong Xu 《Critical reviews in food science and nutrition》2019,59(22):3597-3611
AbstractFats and oils are essential food components. Their quality and safety pose major concerns for consumers and food producers because of factors such as oxidation and rancidity, excessive levels of trans fatty acid (TFA), and widespread adulteration. Thus, a rapid and easy-to-use technique must be exploited for quality parameter evaluation and monitoring to ensure the edibility, safety, and quality of fats and oils. In the last decades, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has shown great potential in analyzing fats and oils given its speed and simplicity. FTIR-based analytical techniques for common intrinsic quality parameters, including peroxide value, free fatty acid, moisture, TFA, iodine value, as well as oxidation stability, adulteration, and classification of various fats and oils, are summarized in this review. The advantages and disadvantages of selected infrared spectral accessories and sample preparation and spectral processing methods are highlighted. The prospects and reformative aspects for future application of the FTIR technique in the field of fats and oils are also discussed. This review may serve as a basis for applying FTIR not only in future research but also in the fat and oil industries. 相似文献
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Plant‐Derived Substances Used Against Beetles–Pests of Stored Crops and Food–and Their Mode of Action: A Review
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Marta Spochacz Szymon Chowański Karolina Walkowiak‐Nowicka Monika Szymczak Zbigniew Adamski 《Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety》2018,17(5):1339-1366
Plants are sources of numerous active substances that are used to protect crops. Currently, due to the limitations of using synthetic insecticides, plant products have attracted increasing attention as possible pesticides. In this review, we discuss some of the most interesting plant products (for example, Solanaceae, or Asteraceae extracts, Artemisia absinthium or Citrus spp. essential oils, and single compounds like α‐chaconine, or α‐solanine) that exhibit insecticidal activity against beetles that are pests of stored food products. Next, we describe and discuss the mode of action of these products, including lethal and sublethal effects, such as antifeedant or neurotoxic activity, ultrastructural malformation, and effects on prooxidant/antioxidant balance. Furthermore, the methods of application of plant‐derived substances in food storage areas are presented. 相似文献