辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉-可可精油Pickering乳液制备及稳定性研究

油脂作为可可的主要成分,高温高湿条件下易被氧化变质导致其应用受限,因此,以辛烯基琥珀酸(OSA)淀粉作为稳定可可油相的固体颗粒,超临界CO 2 提取的可可精油(CEO)作为油相,优化Pickering乳液制备过程并研究其乳液稳定性。结果表明:CEO中主要脂肪酸有6种,当OSA淀粉质量浓度和CEO体积分数分别是250mg/mL和5%时,Pickering乳液粒径最小,为0.587μm。通过光学显微镜、激光共聚焦显微镜以及扫描电镜发现乳液呈现小液滴聚集状态,油滴完全被淀粉包裹且界面相对光滑。稳定性实验表明,乳液在pH值5、低粒子浓度(0~0.3mol/L)条件下相对稳定。贮藏21d后发现,随着贮藏时间增加,5%油相体积分数下的Pickering乳液粒径由0.587μm增长至1.160μm,50~300mg/mL淀粉质量浓度下的Pickering乳液粒径增长约1.500μm,最大粒径达2.760μm。研究表明,OSA淀粉-可可精油Pickering乳液具有良好的稳定性。     

大豆分离蛋白颗粒稳定的鲢鱼油Pickering乳液的制备及其性能表征

以鲢鱼鱼糜加工副产物鲢鱼油为油相,大豆分离蛋白（soy protein isolate,SPI）热聚集颗粒为稳定剂,构建SPI颗粒稳定的鲢鱼油Pickering 乳液体系,研究SPI 颗粒浓度（1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、2.5%、3.0%）、油相体积分数（0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5）、离子强度（0、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4 mol/L）对Pickering 乳液的粒径、微观结构、流变特性、乳化特性、冻融稳定性等性能的影响。结果显示,SPI-鲢鱼油Pickering 乳液粒径呈多峰分布,当SPI 颗粒浓度增加,液滴粒径逐渐减小,乳化活性（emulsifying activity,EAI）逐渐降低;当SPI 颗粒浓度为2.5%时,乳化稳定性（emulsifying stability,ESI）最高,乳析指数（creaming index,CI）最低。当油相体积分数增高,液滴粒径变大,EAI 逐渐升高,ESI 逐渐降低;油相体积分数为0.3～0.5 时,冻融后的乳液CI 升高且伴有液态油析出。体系中加入氯化钠后,液滴粒径减小,粒度分布更加集中,液滴絮凝度升高,乳液稳定性增强;氯化钠浓度升高,粒径变大、EAI 先降低后升高,ESI 无明显差异。流变学特性分析表明,乳液的弹性模量大于黏性模量,乳液是以弹性为主的体系。结果表明,当SPI 颗粒浓度2.5%、鲢鱼油体积分数0.2及离子强度0.4 mol/L 时,SPI 颗粒稳定的鲢鱼油Pickering 乳液体系分布更加均匀,冻融稳定性更高。     

大豆分离蛋白-高酯柑橘果胶-没食子酸复合Pickering乳液制备及其稳定性分析

以大豆分离蛋白、高酯柑橘果胶、没食子酸为原料,制备一种蛋白质-多糖-多酚复合物,利用单因素试验、正交试验优化复合物制备条件,并通过流变特性、粒径及分布、Zeta电位、乳液稳定性等分析手段对Pickering乳液稳定性能进行表征。结果表明：在pH 4.5、温度35 ℃、没食子酸含量40 mg时复合乳液的吸光度达到最大值3.082,此时大豆分离蛋白-高酯柑橘果胶-没食子酸结合最紧密;当油相体积分数为0.7时,Pickering乳液弹性和黏性最好,形成的较好凝胶网络结构,此时的电位为（－54.08±2.74）mV,平均粒径为（220.36±7.13）nm;与25 ℃常温贮存相比,Pickering乳液在4 ℃冷藏析乳现象更弱,油滴粒径变化更小,更有利于维持乳液稳定性;随热处理温度升高,乳液析乳情况逐渐增强,油相体积分数为0.7和0.8时,液滴粒径受温度变化不明显;冷冻会破坏复合物形成的界面层,随着油相体积分数升高和冷冻时间的延长乳液析油现象明显导致稳定性大大降低;随着pH值升高,析油现象逐渐明显,当乳液体系pH值接近4时,乳滴粒径最小且分布相对均匀;高浓度的盐离子会破坏复合物结合的紧密程度,液滴发生聚集,乳液析乳情况明显,稳定性下降。     

OSA淀粉-壳聚糖复合基Pickering乳液的构建及其特性表征

本研究以不同取代度的辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯（OSA淀粉）为原料,将其和壳聚糖结合生成复合物,并研究了取代度对复合物官能团变化和疏水性的影响。利用复合物构建了油相体积分数分别为20%、50%、80%的OSA淀粉-壳聚糖复合基Pickering乳液,探究了不同取代度与油相体积对乳液稳定性的影响。结果表明,随着OSA淀粉取代度的提高,复合物的疏水性显著增加。当辛烯基琥珀酸酐（OSA）的添加量为2%(w/w,以淀粉干物质计),复合物的三相接触角接近90°,具有较理想的湿润性。当取代度或油相体积分数提高时,乳液粒径也随之增大,液滴分布更加均匀致密,乳液状态也更加趋向于固态;并且,油相体积分数对乳液的影响更为突出。当OSA淀粉取代度为0.00895、乳液油相体积分数为80%时,乳液的平均粒径为27.4±1.4μm,呈现良好的凝胶网络结构,在-4℃下储藏30 d后乳析指数为0,具有较高的离子稳定性和热稳定性。本研究在OSA淀粉-多糖复合基Pickering乳液的构建参数选定方面作了进一步的探索,有望推动该乳液的开发与应用。     

面筋蛋白粒子-黄原胶Pickering乳液的制备及其表征

制备黄原胶与面筋蛋白纳米粒协同稳的Pickering乳液,表征Pickering乳液的物理化学性能和微观结构。结果显示：通过黄原胶与面筋蛋白纳米粒协同作用,可制备出稳定性较好的Pickering乳液。低质量分数的黄原胶（0.2%）会促进乳析;当黄原胶质量分数不小于0.3%时,乳液于4 ℃贮存30 d仍无乳析现象;当黄原胶质量分数为1%时,贮存30 d乳液出现析油的现象。不同乳化顺序得到乳液的稳定性不同。乳液M-WG-XG（面筋蛋白纳米粒与玉米油乳化得粗乳液,然后加入黄原胶二次分散）的稳定性最好,同时乳液的平均粒径最小（21.4±0.314）μm。黄原胶的加入增大了乳液的净电荷,乳液的稳定性提高。共聚焦显微镜结果表明,乳液M-WG-XG液滴分布均匀,界面层呈现出多层结构。相比于其他方式制备的乳液,乳液M-WG-XG有更好的黏弹性和离子稳定性。     

重质碳酸钙稳定的O/W型Pickering乳液及其粒度效应研究

以重质碳酸钙作为颗粒稳定剂制备O/W型Pickering乳液,利用球磨法获得不同尺寸的碳酸钙,研究碳酸钙颗粒粒度、颗粒浓度、油相比例对乳液类型、稳定性、微观形貌及流变学特性的影响。结果表明:球磨后不同粒度的碳酸钙均能稳定Pickering乳液,且该乳液具有一定的储存稳定性,固体颗粒粒径对乳液性质有一定的影响,乳液粒径随固体颗粒粒径的增大而增大;随固体颗粒浓度的增大,乳液的乳析指数、乳液粒径以及乳液黏度均减小,但当固体颗粒浓度达到9g/100 mL以上时,增加颗粒浓度对乳液粒径影响不大;增大油相比例会使乳析指数减小、乳液粒径和黏度增大。     

超声处理制备小麦醇溶蛋白胶体颗粒Pickering乳液及其表征

胶体颗粒的润湿性决定Pickering乳液的形成及稳定性。小麦醇溶蛋白胶体颗粒在酸性(~pH 3.0)条件下具有较强的亲水性,制约稳定的Pickering乳液形成。本研究采用超声乳化制备得到稳定的小麦醇溶蛋白稳定的无表面活性剂(surfactant-free)的食品级Pickering乳液。实验结果表明,剪切乳化的Pickering乳液只能稳定3 d,超声处理的Pickering乳液稳定性明显增强,当超声功率超过40%时,Pickering乳液的平均粒径小于5μm,形成具有强粘弹性的乳液凝胶,能够稳定5个月以上。利用激光共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)研究了乳液的界面结构、蛋白胶体颗粒分布及乳滴的聚集行为,明确了超声处理乳液的稳定机理。本研究制备得到的蛋白基Pickering乳液(surfactant-free),在新型营养物质输送等方面极具应用价值。     

蛋白基多孔材料的制备及其表征

本文以自组装小麦醇溶蛋白颗粒(GP)稳定的Pickering高内相乳液(HIPEs)为模板制备具有开孔结构的多孔材料并进行相关表征。通过反溶剂法制备GP,混合丙烯酰胺、聚乙二醇为连续相,正十二烷为分散相制备稳定Pickering HIPEs,研究不同蛋白浓度及油相体积对高内相乳液模板及多孔材料相关性质的影响。在p H 4时,GP浓度为1.5%、2.0%和2.5%及油相分数为75%、80%和85%均能以HIPEs为模板制备出稳定的亲水性多孔材料。GP浓度从1.5%增加至2.5%时,HIPEs中乳液粒径减小,材料内部结构孔壁变厚,表观密度增大,压缩模量从15.16 MPa增至18.01 MPa,2.0%GP浓度制备的多孔材料具有较好的持水能力,吸水率可达10.18 g/g;随着油相体积从75%增加至85%,乳液粒径分布更为均匀,材料的孔洞的D3,2由19.94μm增至23.59μm,表观密度下降,压缩模量由22.58 MPa下降到14.67 MPa。通过以GP稳定的HIPEs模板,成功制备出具有开孔和良好力学性质的亲水性多孔材料,对于多孔聚合材料在食品、生物医药上的应用具有重要意义。     

大豆纤维稳定水包油型皮克林乳液的研究

近年来,由于食品级皮克林乳液在开发新型功能食品方面表现出潜在应用价值,关于食品级皮克林乳液的稳定剂的研究备受关注。本文主要研究了大豆纤维稳定玉米油的水包油型皮克林乳液的性质,通过测定ζ-电势、显微结构、乳液粒径变化、乳析指数、离心稳定性,分析了大豆纤维浓度(c;0.125%~1.0%,m/m)和油相质量分数(Φ;10%~40%,m/m)对乳液稳定性的影响。结果表明:Φ=10%时,随着大豆纤维的浓度增加乳液的粒径增大,絮凝程度增加,抗聚集稳定性和抗分层稳定性增强;c=0.75%时,随着油相质量分数增加乳液粒径显著增大,乳液稳定性迅速下降,且有明显油析现象出现。研究结果表明大豆纤维作为皮克林乳液的稳定颗粒有良好的潜力,对进一步深入研究大豆纤维稳定的皮克林乳液有指导意义。     

芋头淀粉及其稳定化Pickering乳液的性质表征

为了探究芋头淀粉能否稳定Pickering乳液,通过粒径分析、接触角测定、Zeta电位测定等方法表征芋头淀粉的理化性质,然后以液体石蜡为油相,芋头淀粉为单一乳化剂,考察其乳液的理化性质,同时与粳米、玉米、小麦和山药淀粉进行比较。结果表明:芋头淀粉的平均粒径最小（2.29 μm）,颗粒呈不规则形状和多边形态;摩尔质量最小且分布均匀;持油、持水率最高,分别为158.33%、136.24%;三相接触角为36.60°,Zeta电位为-25.63 mV。在芋头淀粉水分散液质量浓度20 mg/mL、油相分数50%、分散强度10000 r/min和分散4 min条件下制备的Pickering乳液能在30 d内保持稳定,且储藏过程测量到的乳滴粒径最小（34.64~52.20 μm）,其乳液的流变学测定显示形成了较弱的乳液网络结构。综上,芋头淀粉可以有效稳定Pickering乳液,有望进一步开发作为稳定剂或乳化剂应用到食品中。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press