聚丙烯腈原丝超声波水洗工艺

将超声波技术应用到聚丙烯(PAN)原丝的水洗工艺中,研究了超声波功率、水洗温度、水洗时间对PAN原丝中残留二甲基亚砜(DMSO)含量的影响。结果表明,超声波功率为200 W,洗涤温度50℃,洗涤时间10 min,洗涤后的PAN原丝中的DMSO含量大幅降低,且超声波水洗PAN原丝的洗涤效果比普通水洗好。     

水洗方法对PAN原丝及其碳纤维结构与性能的影响

在聚丙烯腈(PAN)基碳纤维生产中,分别采用浸涌式水洗、拍打式水洗、超声式水洗3种方法对PAN原丝进行水洗,讨论了PAN原丝的线密度对水洗效果的影响,以及3种水洗方法对PAN原丝及其碳纤维的结构与性能的影响。结果表明:在水洗流量1 m3/h、水洗温度60℃、水洗时间1.2 min的条件下,随着PAN原丝线密度的增加,原丝中二甲基亚砜(DMSO)残留量增加,浸涌式水洗受原丝线密度的影响较大,超声式水洗受原丝线密度的影响较小;在PAN原丝线密度为4.0 dtex时,PAN原丝经浸涌式、拍打式、超声式水洗后,DMSO残留量分别为1 000,200,90μg/g,相应碳纤维强度分别为5 139,5 120,4 930 MPa;浸涌式水洗对PAN纤维的损伤较小,超声式水洗对PAN纤维的损伤较大。     

DMSO残余溶剂对PAN原丝质量的影响

二甲基亚砜（DMSO）的溶剂残余含量是衡量PAN原丝产品性能的关键指标,是PAN原丝表面及内部形成缺陷的主要成因,其残余含量的高低直接影响PAN原丝成品的产量和质量.实验表明：采用浸洗加喷涌的水洗方式,通过提高水洗温度和循环喷涌量可以有效降低原丝中残余DMSO的含量,从而提高PAN原丝的产品质量.     

DMSO法PAN原丝湿法纺丝工艺研究

通过实验对二甲基亚砜（DMSO）法聚丙烯腈（PAN）原丝的纤维凝固成形、水洗、牵伸、干燥定型条等湿法纺丝工艺对纤维性能的影响进行了研究,实验结果表明：增大喷丝板孔径,有利于提高原丝的取向度和干燥收缩率;调节凝固浴质量分数和温度,可生产出综合性能较好的原丝;提高水洗温度有利于制得性能好的原丝;热水、沸水和蒸汽3级牵伸工艺...     

两种DMSO法PAN原丝性能和结构的对比研究

对国产DMSO法聚丙烯腈(PAN)原丝与美国DMSO法PAN原丝的性能和结构进行了对比,找出了国产PAN原丝和美国PAN原丝在质量均一性、断面形状、取向度和结晶度、相对分子质量、共聚组分等方面存在的差别,为进一步提高我国PAN原丝的内在质量提供了科学依据。研究结果表明:美国PAN原丝比国产PAN原丝有较高的强度、模量、相对分子质量、结晶度及取向度,较低的纤度、断后延伸率及各种不均率等优良性能。     

聚丙烯腈基碳纤维纺丝过程中的取向性研究

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)为原料,二甲基亚砜(DMSO)为溶剂,通过干喷湿纺工艺制备PAN基碳纤维原丝,采用X射线衍射仪对纺丝过程中不同工艺阶段纤维微晶进行测试,研究PAN纤维在纺丝过程中密度和微观结构的变化.结果表明,在纺丝过程中PAN纤维通过凝固浴、水洗、沸水牵伸、致密化、蒸汽牵伸和热定型工艺,纤维的密度增大、线密度逐步...     

聚丙烯腈原丝新型水洗工艺的研究

采用浸渍水洗结合涌泉式水洗的新型水洗技术,研究了水洗流量、水洗时间及水洗温度对水洗效果的影响。结果表明:温度控制在60℃,浸涌式水洗水涌量3m3/h,水洗30min,使得纤维中二甲基亚砜(DMSO)残留量≤3.2×10-4,新型水洗效率高,达到了降低原丝表面所含溶剂的目的,提高了原丝的质量。     

氨化对PAN原丝结构性能的影响

在聚丙烯腈(PAN)原丝湿法纺丝生产过程中,以二甲基亚砜/水(DMSO/H_2O)为凝固体系,在DMSO质量分数为72%,温度为52℃的凝固浴中通过流量计定量加入氨,以凝固浴溶液的pH值衡量氨化量的大小,研究了不同pH值对PAN原丝结构、性能及可纺性的影响。结果表明:在凝固浴溶液的pH值为8.6~10.0时,PAN原丝径向形态由腰形变成腰圆形,最后变成圆形;随着凝固浴溶液pH值的升高,PAN原丝的结晶度先升高后下降,膨润度则先降低后升高,直径不均率下降,强力不均率先下降后升高;凝固浴溶液pH值为9.5时,PAN原丝的结晶度最高,膨润度最小,直径不均率和强力不均率最低,可纺性最好,最终PAN基碳纤维的强度最高为3.83 GPa。     

二甲基亚砜法与硝酸法生产聚丙烯腈原丝的优劣比较

从溶剂性质、原丝结构性能以及所制备的碳纤维性能等方面,对二甲基亚砜（DMSO）法与硝酸（HNO3）法生产的两种原丝进行比较,找出并分析两种溶剂生产的聚丙烯腈（PAN）原丝在密度及结构均一性等方面的区别。研究表明,DMSO法PAN原丝具有强度高、取向度高等优点,DMSO法更有利于提高碳纤维用PAN原丝质量。     

喷丝头长径比对PANCF原丝性能的影响

采用不同长径比(L/D)的陶瓷喷丝头进行湿法、干湿法纺丝制备聚丙烯腈基碳纤维(PANCF);研究了L/D对聚丙烯腈/二甲基亚砜(PAN/DMSO)纺丝原液的可纺性及原丝性能的影响。结果表明:随着喷丝头L/D的增大,PAN/DMSO纺丝原液的可纺性提高,PANCF原丝的膨润度逐渐减少,PANCF原丝的结晶度、取向度及强度随之增大,有利于提高纤维的性能。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

塔设备改造选型的分析

就当前扩产增容中塔设备设计和改造时板式塔和填料塔的选型问题加以分析。在评述目前国内常用的几种塔板和新型填料之后，着重介绍一种新型塔板（导向梯形浮阀塔板）和一种新型填料（波环填料——乾隆帕克）。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitin on the properties of chitin crystallites

In the present article, chitin from crab shell was systematically deacetylated using a NaOH treatment with control of the reaction time. The degree of deacetylation, monitored using solid-state NMR, revealed that the reaction was pseudo-first order. Based on this, swollen and NaOH-saturated particles are proposed as the reaction system. The weight loss of the partially saponified and neutralized samples after HCl hydrolysis increased linearly with the degree of deacetylation. The crystallinity of the samples was found to increase after acid hydrolysis. According to conductimetric titration, the surface charge density of the crystallites, after acid hydrolysis, was found to increase with base treatment time. The effect of surface charge on the formation of a chiral nematic phase, due to the rodlike nature of the crystallites, was explored. These results show that because the contribution of charged particles to the ionic strength was significant the double layer compression was affected, especially since the surface charge density was close to the Manning limit. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:373–380, 1997