γ辐照装置屏蔽方案评价

依据《γ辐照装置的辐射防护与安全规范》,针对典型γ辐照装置升源状态不同辐射照射途经进行计算分析，以验证屏蔽设计的可靠性；对不同照射途经的辐射剂量率进行比较，提出优化屏蔽计算及设计建议。结果表明：(1)该γ辐照装置屏蔽设计方案满足辐射屏蔽要求；(2)屏蔽计算过程中，屏蔽体外天空反散射剂量率贡献大于直射辐射剂量率，迷道入口散射辐射剂量率贡献大于直射辐射剂量率；(3)考虑γ辐照装置工作负荷较大，并遵循辐射防护最优化原则：在屏蔽设计过程中应考虑一次散射照射剂量率贡献，必要时进行局部加厚处理，对于迷道散射设计次数应在5次以上，楼顶区域不建议布置长期人员居留场所。     

核电厂γ放射性废物吊装期间天空反散射剂量率评估

采用MCNP对γ放射性点源的天空反散射影响进行了模拟计算,针对天空反散射的主要制约因素进行了分析,其分析结论为核电厂相应的辐射防护设计提供了参考依据。定量模拟计算了核电厂γ放射性废物包吊装期间的天空反散射剂量率水平,提出了一种基于放射性点源结果进行放射性体源天空反散射剂量率的快速评估方法,该方法的实施满足了工程实践的快速响应要求。     

核聚变实验装置HT-7U一维及二维辐射防护设计研究

主要介绍一维、二维中子输运程序ANISN,DOT3.5在核聚变实验装置HT-7U辐射屏蔽物理设计中的应用。计算和分析了该装置实验大厅内外中子注量/能谱、γ注量/能谱、中子剂量率、γ剂量率的空间分布,对屏蔽材料的选取及屏蔽层厚度进行了优化设计,为HT-7U装置的辐射屏蔽物理设计提供了建议性意见及理论依据。     

1.5MeV电子辐照平台屏蔽改造

针对一台功率为15kW的1.5 MeV电子辐照平台,进行了屏蔽计算分析与改造设计工作。根据辐照平台厂房布局建立三维模型,使用蒙特卡罗方法进行了相应屏蔽计算。通过对辐照平台主屏蔽体外光子剂量率的计算,对已有建筑物墙体的屏蔽效果进行评估。评估结果表明,建筑物四周墙体厚度满足设计要求。对辐照室和门洞等局部位置进行了屏蔽计算设计,通过对不同屏蔽厚度的计算结果进行比较,给出了满足设计要求的合理可行的设计方案。为验证屏蔽计算结果,在工程验收阶段,对周围人员活动区域进行了现场测量。测量结果表明,辐照平台原有主体屏蔽及新增局部屏蔽可使光子剂量率低于设计目标值,满足防护要求。     

一个屏蔽基准问题及其解

本文提供了一个关于核反应堆放射性废物贮存设施的屏蔽基准问题的解。该基准问题是计算一内部贮存有放射性圆筒体源的建筑物门道和外部的γ射线剂量率和能通量谱。处理这个问题时采用了离散座标 S_N-蒙特卡罗混合技术。     

加速器主屏蔽区外剂量率解析算法与实测比较

屏蔽是确保加速器机房外关注点剂量率和剂量满足控制目标的重要措施,屏蔽厚度的优化设计一般采用解析算法,其可靠性需验证。选取加速器主屏蔽区外10个位点和1个无均整高剂量率模式的位点对加速器主屏蔽区外剂量率采用IAEA 47号报告和GBZ/T 201.2中的解析算法进行计算,并将计算结果与实测结果进行比较。结果表明,采用IAEA 47号报告中的参数计算出的主屏蔽区外剂量率值均高于采用GBZ/T 201.2中的参数的计算结果,采用GBZ/T 201.2中的参数的计算结果与实测结果更加接近,个别位点的实测结果高于采用GBZ/T 201.2中参数的计算结果,其原因可能是混凝土墙的施工厚度不足。GBZ/T 201.2的解析算法可合理估算主屏蔽区外的剂量率,在施工过程中应严格控制施工质量,确保混凝土密度、混凝土墙厚度等与设计值保持一致。     

计算高放废物固化体内放射性活度及内.外剂量率的计算机程序

本文中介绍的我们设计的 ADHLW 程序能计算高放废物固化体内放射性总活度和主要核素的活度,及其内、外剂量率随时间和空间的变化。本程序可为我国高放废物深部地质处置安全和环境影响评价提供源项参数。为验证本程序,以美国76—68硼硅酸盐废物玻璃固化体处置在深部地质中为例,用本程序进行了计算,并与美国 WAPPA 程序的计算结果和有关文献报道值进行了比较,结果在10—15%内符合。     

基于MCNP程序的铅屏蔽层对γ射线屏蔽性能研究

为了计算不同厚度铅对不同能量γ射线的屏蔽性能,本工作建立了两种模型,然后使用MCNP程序对这两种模型进行模拟计算,进而得到了铅的屏蔽性能。计算结果表明：相同厚度的铅屏蔽层对低能γ射线的屏蔽能力强于高能,随着γ射线能量的增大,屏蔽能力呈下降趋势。作为验证,本工作计算了单向源、面源、各向同性面源情况下铅的屏蔽性能,还通过改变PHYS卡计算铅的屏蔽性能,得到的结果与上述结论一致。     

西安脉冲堆放射性实验物品暂存库剂量场计算

利用γ射线屏蔽计算公式和蒙特卡罗程序分别对暂存库屏蔽厚度和库内剂量情况进行了计算,结合Matlab软件对计算结果进行了分析和处理,得到了放射性实验物暂存库内剂量场分布和剂量等势线,为废物暂存库的使用提供了参考。     

2013—2018年山西省放射性废物库库区环境γ辐射水平监测

为了进一步加强对放射性废物库的安全管理,确保辐射环境安全,对2013—2018年山西省放射性废物库库区环境γ辐射剂量率的监测结果进行了分析。结果表明,库区环境γ辐射水平满足《核技术利用放射性废物库选址、设计与建造技术要求(试行)》中有关库房内源坑盖板上方0.5 m处γ辐射剂量率不超过20 μGy／h、源库墙外表面0.2 m处γ辐射剂量率不超过2.5 μGy／h的规定要求,各年度间环境电离辐射水平处于本底涨落范围内,未对周围环境产生辐射影响,辐射环境质量总体良好。此外,健全的库区安全防范也为促进我省核技术利用和安全、健康、可持续发展提供了坚强保障。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.     

微型X射线管空气比释动能和能谱的测量

为研究微型X射线管的特性,通过电离室测量光管出射口30 cm远处的空气比释动能,使用高纯锗探测器分别测量了Ag过滤和Cu过滤下的X射线能谱。结果表明,空气比释动能随电流的增加有线性增加的趋势,能谱图明显的观察到银的两个特征X射线。完成了微型X射线管空气比释动能和能谱的测量方法以及实验测量的工作,为微型x射线管下辐射质的建立提够了条件基础。     

Gamma-ray attenuation technique for measuring void fraction in horizontal gas-liquid two-phase flow

The measurement of void fraction is of importance to the oil industry and chemical industry. In this article, the principle and mathematical method of determining the void fraction of horizontal gas-liquid flow by using a single-energy γ-ray system is described. The γ-ray source is the radioactive isotope of 241Am with γ-ray energy of 59.5 keV. The time-averaged value of the void fraction in a 50.0-mm i.d. transparent horizontal pipeline is measured under various combinations of the liquid flow and gas flow. It is found that increasing the gas flow rate at a fixed liquid flow rate would increase the void fraction. Test data are compared with the predictions of the correlations and a good agreement is found. The result shows that the designed γ-ray system can be used for measuring the void fraction in a horizontal gas-liquid two-phase flow with high accuracy.