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《中国材料进展》2017,(3)
骨科使用的不可吸收材料基本满足临床应用需求,但随着骨科技术的不断发展,临床上对于骨科材料的性能有了更高的要求。可降解材料具有优秀的力学性能和生物学性能,已逐渐成为骨科材料研究的热点。目前,骨科应用可降解材料种类繁多,主要包括四大类:可降解医用金属材料、可降解高分子材料、无机材料和复合材料。可降解医用金属材料是理想的内固定材料,可降解高分子材料和无机材料多用于缝线、填充和支架材料,而复合材料具备其他三种材料不同的优点,是未来研究的重点。通过广泛查阅国内外近几年有关可降解材料的研究报告,从上述四大分类综述了可降解材料的研究进展及待解决问题,并且对可降解材料的发展做出了展望。 相似文献
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目的 综述可降解材料(光降解材料、生物降解材料和光-生物降解材料)的研究现状,探讨可降解材料在海洋领域的研究进展和未来研究方向。方法 综述各类可降解材料的特性、应用及其降解机理,并从材料降解机理的角度讨论可降解材料在海水中的降解可行性及相应的材料改性方法。结果 由于海水环境存在特殊性,各类可降解材料在海水中的降解性能大幅下降,降解过程受诸多因素影响,为了使材料能在海水环境下降解,针对降解材料改性研究方面提出了建议。结论 可降解材料虽是目前材料领域的研究热点,但可降解材料在海洋领域的应用仍处于起步阶段,因此,开发出具有良好水降解性能的可降解材料是解决海洋污染问题的重点,也是未来研究的难点和热点。 相似文献
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进入21世纪以来,随着材料科学的进步,医用金属植入材料从传统的316L不锈钢、钛合金等惰性金属材料逐渐转向可降解金属材料。可降解金属材料由于其良好的生物相容性和适宜的降解速率,可以在完成植入任务时被人体吸收,无需二次手术将内植物取出,从而引起广泛关注。在过去的10多年里,镁和铁及其合金作为医用可降解金属被广泛研究。锌是人体所必需的营养元素之一,因具有良好的生物相容性和适宜的降解速率,锌基合金在最近几年里成为继镁基和铁基合金之后又一具有广泛应用前景的医用可降解金属。然而,对锌基合金的设计和制备等仍处于初步阶段,还有大量的研究工作需要完成。综述了生物降解锌近年来用于骨科领域的研究进展,重点讨论了锌及其合金的力学性能、生物降解性能和生物相容性以及锌的合金化和制造技术之间的关系。 相似文献
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目的 可生物降解材料具有高效和环保的特点,可以减轻传统石油基材料过度使用带来的环境污染问题,总结可生物降解材料及其制备技术的特点为进一步促进其在果蔬包装中的应用提供参考和基础。方法 首先对现有的可生物降解材料进行分类,其次探究其制备方法,然后对近年来可生物降解材料在生鲜果蔬包装中的应用,以及对生鲜果蔬保质期和质量的影响相关的研究进行总结和分析,最后对可生物降解材料的特点和应用前景进行归纳、分析和展望。结果 可生物降解材料具有良好的性能,适当的透气性和透湿性,较高的CO2/O2选择透过性,可大幅度地提高果蔬的货架期。结论 可生物降解材料相较于现有的保鲜包装材料有更好的保鲜效果,高效环保,能减轻不可降解材料对环境造成的污染问题。 相似文献
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目的 综述可生物降解的包装材料在化妆品应用方面的研究进展,为生物降解材料的广泛使用提供参考。方法 通过对国内外聚乳酸、聚羟基链烷酸酯、纤维素、壳聚糖等可生物降解包装材料在化妆品中的研究与应用,分析各种材料的性能特点,提出可生物降解的包装材料在化妆品应用方面的未来展望。结果 不同类型的化妆品应根据产品特性选择适宜的可生物降解的包装材料,可生物降解包装材料在化妆品中的应用有待进一步研究和推广。结论 可生物降解材料应用于化妆品包装是未来发展趋势之一,应用纳米技术对材料性能提升具有重要意义。 相似文献
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纤维素基可生物降解共混高分子材料的制备和性能 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
综述了近年来以纤维素为共混组分制备可生物降解高分子材料的研究进展,重点介绍了纤维素或纤维素衍生物与其它天然高分子(壳聚糖、蛋白质、淀粉等)以及可降解合成高分子(聚乙二醇、聚己内酯、聚乳酸等)共混材料的制备和性能,揭示了纤维素基可生物降解材料在某些应用领域替代石油基材料的潜力. 相似文献
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目的 为了适应物流包装绿色转型的需求,综述可生物降解薄膜作为绿色包装材料的最新研究进展和应用现状,展示其在绿色物流包装体系中的发展机遇和巨大潜力。方法 通过追踪国内外相关文献和新闻报道,紧扣绿色物流包装的内涵和要求,对可生物降解薄膜的种类、性能评价及实际物流包装场景中的应用现状进行分析总结,阐释目前可生物降解薄膜作为绿色包装材料的最新研究进展。结论 兼具优良力学性能和生物降解性的可生物降解薄膜是物流包装绿色转型中的重要研究方向,随着我国未来在该领域工艺研发和生产技术水平的不断成熟,可生物降解薄膜包装材料将会广泛应用于绿色物流场景中。 相似文献
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《材料与设计》2015
Apart from the industrial and automotive applications, Zn and Zn-based alloys are considered as a new kind of potential biodegradable material quite recently. However, one drawback of pure Zn as potential biodegradable metal lies in that pure Zn has quite low strength and plasticity. In the present study, three important IIA essential nutrient elements Mg, Ca and Sr and hot-rolling and hot-extrusion thermal deformations have been applied to overcome the drawback of pure Zn and benefit the biocompatibility of Zn-based potential implants. The microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, hemocompatibility, in vitro cytocompatibility were studied systematically to investigate their feasibility as bioabsorbable implants. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the ternary Zn–1Mg–1Ca, Zn–1Mg–1Sr and Zn–1Ca–1Sr alloys are much higher than that of pure Zn, owing to both the alloying effects and thermal deformation effects. In vitro hemolytic rate test and cell viability test indicated that the addition of the IIA nutrient alloying elements Mg, Ca and Sr into Zn can benefit their hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility, which would further guarantee the biosafety of these new kind of biodegradable Zn-based implants for future clinical applications. 相似文献
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The aim of this research is to develop a new methodology to obtain bioactive coatings on bioinert and biodegradable polymers that are not intrinsically bioactive. In this study three types of materials were used as substrates: (i) high molecular weight polyethylene (HMWPE) and two different types of starch based blends (ii) starch/ethylene vinyl alcohol blends, SEVA-C and (iii) starch/cellulose acetate blends, SCA. Two types of baths were originally proposed and studied to produce novel auto-catalytic calcium–phosphate (Ca–P) coatings. Then, the coated surfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), as produced, and after different immersion periods in SBF. The evolution of Ca and P concentrations was determined by induced-coupled plasma emission (ICP) spectroscopy. The crystalline phases present on the films formed on the different material surfaces, after a certain soaking time, were identified by thin-film X-ray diffraction (TF-XRD). The obtained results indicated that it was possible to coat the materials surfaces with a Ca–P layer with only 60 min of immersion in both types of auto-catalytic solutions. Furthermore, it was possible to observe the clear bioactive nature of the Ca–P coatings after different immersion periods in a simulated body fluid (SBF). The results from TF-XRD confirmed the presence of partially amorphous Ca–P films with clearly noticeable hydroxylapatite peaks. These new methodologies allow for the production of an adherent bioactive film on the polymeric surfaces prior to implantation, which may allow for the development of bone-bonding, bioabsorbable implants and fixation devices. ©2003 Kluwer Academic Publisher 相似文献
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可降解金属研究是目前医用金属领域最活跃的研究方向。经过全世界科研机构与医疗器械企业界20余年的数据积累,先后有镁基可降解金属、铁基可降解金属和锌基可降解金属植介入器械进入临床或开展了人体实验研究,未来前景向好。本文回顾了可降解金属的定义、生物降解性与生物相容性双判据及其分类,分别介绍了镁基可降解金属、铁基可降解金属和锌基可降解金属的研究现状及尚未解决的科学问题,并对可降解金属未来的发展机遇与挑战进行了展望。随着人们对可降解金属植入体内的力学适配、降解适配和组织适配等科学问题更加深入的理解,未来将有更多的可降解金属新材料、新技术和新方法被研发,有效实现可降解金属材料降解与机体组织修复两个事件在时间和几何空间上的精准适配。 相似文献
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Simon Shawe Fraser Buchanan Eileen Harkin-Jones David Farrar 《Journal of Materials Science》2006,41(15):4832-4838
As part of a study to characterise bioabsorbable scaffolds for tissue engineering an investigation has been conducted into the rate of degradation of polyglycolic acid (PGA). This is one of the most commonly used bioabsorbable materials and has been used in sutures since the 60s and more recently in cell scaffolds, drug delivery devices and bone fixation pins. This study looks at the influence that surface-to-volume ratio i.e. thickness of material, has on degradation. By degrading various thicknesses of PGA in a buffer saline solution over 24 days and testing their properties at regular intervals, a knowledge of how surface-to-volume ratio affects degradation was developed. Properties such as weight loss, crystallinity, molecular weight and structural integrity were measured. Results showed that rate of mass loss was dependent on sample thickness but crystallinity, melting point and molecular weight were independent of thickness. 相似文献
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目的 综述国内外生物可降解塑料共混改性的常用策略,为高品质生物可降解塑料的工业化开发提供思路与理论方法。方法 共混改性是高分子材料改性的常用策略,因其具有高效、经济的特点而被广泛采用,本文针对生物可降解高分子材料增韧共混改性策略,选取聚乳酸(PLA)、对苯二甲酸-己二酸丁二醇酯(PBAT)、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)作为对象,对增韧共混改性研究现状进行归纳、总结和分析,同时对比各自的增韧改性效果及优点和不足。结论 以生物可降解塑料取代不可降解塑料可以在很大程度上缓解当前的环境污染问题,在未来地膜和包覆材料中具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献