Influence of Dryer Infeed Matrices on the Retention of Volatile Flavor Compounds During Spray Drying

The retention of volatile flavor compounds (octane, 2-octanone, octanal, methyl-2-octenoate, oct-1-en-3-ol, octanol, thiophene, 2-ethylthiophene, thiazole, 2,5dimethylpyrazine, benzaldehyde, 5-methylfurfural) in model food systems during spray drying was studied. The flavor compounds were added to different model food systems (including malto dextrins DE 10 to 36.5, soy, casein and whey protein based systems and protein/fat systems) at 1 ppm and then spray dried using a Niro Utility Dryer employing centrifugal atomization. Flavor retention was found to be inversely related to DE of the maltrin carrier. Inclusion of protein in the infeed material resulted in better flavor retention than pure maltrin infeeds. Soy protein based model systems were most effective in retaining flavors followed by casein and whey protein based systems. Relative volatility of flavor compounds in different model systems was found to be an important factor pertaining to flavor retention during drying in different infeed materials.     

喷雾干燥温度对牦牛乳粉溶解特性的影响

为探讨喷雾干燥温度对牦牛乳粉溶解特性的影响,分析了在进风温度（出口温度）分别为130（56）、150 （64）、170（73）、190（81）、210（90）℃条件下喷雾干燥牦牛乳粉样品的溶解特性参数,并通过相关性分析对其进行聚类分析。结果表明：喷雾干燥温度对牦牛乳粉的溶解特具有显著影响（P＜0.05）,170（73）℃下喷雾干燥牦牛乳粉样品具有较高的水合能力、堆积密度、溶解度,较小的休止角和分散时间,具有较好的溶解特性,优于在其他温度下干燥牦牛乳粉的溶解特性;牦牛乳粉溶解特性参数间具有较好的相关性,聚类分析可实现对不同喷雾干燥温度条件下牦牛乳粉溶解特性的区分,为对喷雾干燥温度的评价提供参考。     

Effects of Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) Juice on Lipid Oxidation During Spray Drying of Microencapsulated Menhaden Oil

This study investigated the effect of blueberry juice on menhaden oil lipid oxidation during microencapsulation. Oil in water emulsions containing menhaden oil with 0, 5, or 10% blueberry juice were spray dried to produce control-M, 5% BJ-M, and 10% BJ-M microencapsulated powders, respectively. All microencapsulated powders had similar encapsulation efficiencies with low surface oil content. Peroxide value (meq/kg of oil) was 4.50, 4.31, and 3.38 for control-M, 5% BJ-M and 10% BJ-M, respectively. Ten percent BJ-M had lower (P < 0.05) anisidine value, and totox values than 5% BJ-M and control-M. This indicated that 10% blueberry juice reduced lipid oxidation in menhaden oil during microencapsulation to a greater extent than the other formulations.     

Retention of the Enzymatic Activity and Product Properties During Spray Drying of Pineapple Stem Extract in Presence of Maltodextrin

The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of drying parameters on the retention of the enzymatic activity and on the physical properties of spray-dried pineapple stem extract. A Box and Behnken experimental design was used to investigate the effects of the processing parameters on the product properties. The parameters studied were the inlet temperature of drying gas (Tgi), the feed flow rate of the pineapple extract relative to evaporative capacity of the system (W_s?/W_max), and the concentration of maltodextrin added to the extract (MD). Significant effects of the processing parameters on the retention of the proteolytic activity of the powdered extract were observed. High processing temperatures lead to a product with a smaller moisture content, particle size, and lower agglomerating tendency. A product with insignificant losses of the proteolytic activity (≈ 10%) and low moisture content (less than 6.5%) is obtained at selected conditions.     

助干剂对山药喷雾干燥工艺的影响

以新鲜山药为主要原料,探究不同助干剂的添加量对喷雾干燥山药粉集粉率和水分含量的影响。采用单因素试验分别考察麦芽糊精、β-环糊精和阿拉伯胶的添加量对山药喷雾干燥效果的影响。在此基础上,利用正交试验确定最佳的工艺条件。结果显示,麦芽糊精、β-环糊精和阿拉伯胶添加量分别为50%、10%和1.0%时对山药的喷雾干燥效果最好,山药粉集粉率高达36.25%,水分含量为5.49%。     

Impact of Milk Protein Type on the Viability and Storage Stability of Microencapsulated Lactobacillus acidophilus NCIMB 701748 Using Spray Drying

Three different milk proteins — skim milk powder (SMP), sodium caseinate (SC) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) — were tested for their ability to stabilize microencapsulated L. acidophilus produced using spray drying. Maltodextrin (MD) was used as the primary wall material in all samples, milk protein as the secondary wall material (7:3 MD/milk protein ratio) and the simple sugars, d-glucose and trehalose were used as tertiary wall materials (8:2:2 MD/protein/sugar ratio) combinations of all wall materials were tested for their ability to enhance the microbial and techno-functional stability of microencapsulated powders. Of the optional secondary wall materials, WPC improved L. acidophilus viability, up to 70 % during drying; SMP enhanced stability by up to 59 % and SC up to 6 %. Lactose and whey protein content enhanced thermoprotection; this is possibly due to their ability to depress the glass transition and melting temperatures and to release antioxidants. The resultant L. acidophilus powders were stored for 90 days at 4 °C, 25 °C and 35 °C and the loss of viability calculated. The highest survival rates were obtained at 4 °C, inactivation rates for storage were dependent on the carrier wall material and the SMP/d-glucose powders had the lowest inactivation rates (0.013 day^?1) whilst the highest was observed for the control containing only MD (0.041 day^?1) and the SC-based system (0.030 day^?1). Further increase in storage temperature (25 °C and 35 °C) was accompanied by increase of the inactivation rates of L. acidophilus that followed Arrhenius kinetics. In general, SMP-based formulations exhibited the highest temperature dependency whilst WPC the lowest. d-Glucose addition improved the storage stability of the probiotic powders although it was accompanied by an increase of the residual moisture, water activity and hygroscopicity, and a reduction of the glass transition temperature in the tested systems.     

Prediction of Flavor Retention during Spray Drying: An Empirical Approach

A rapid, semi-quantitative prediction model was developed for retention of volatile organic flavoring compounds during spray drying. Nonequilibrium vapor phase flux and effective (liquid phase) diffusion coefficients of lemon oil and/or butanol isomers (n-, sec-, tert-) correlated with spray dryer retention. Prediction of retention of these compounds was dependent on the specific sample matrix and dryer.     

Microencapsulation by Spray Drying: Influence of Emulsion Size on the Retention of Volatile Compounds

ABSTRACT: The influence of the mean emulsion droplet size on flavor retention during spray drying was studied. d- Limonene, ethyl butyrate, and ethyl propionate were used as the model flavors. Gum arabic, soybean water-soluble polysaccharides, or modified starch blended with maltodextrin, were used as the wall materials. The increasing emulsion droplet decreased the retention of flavors. The distribution curve containing larger emulsion droplets shifted toward a smaller size after atomization, indicating that the larger emulsion droplets would be changed in size during atomization and result in decreasing flavor retention. For ethyl butyrate and ethyl propionate, the retention had a maximum at the mean emulsion diameter of 1.5 to 2 and 2.5 to 3.5 μm, respectively.     

干燥温度与助剂类型对喷雾干燥桑葚粉理化特性的影响

本文研究了进口、出口温度、助剂类型及其质量分数对喷雾干燥桑葚粉理化特性的影响规律,优化了桑葚汁最适的喷雾干燥参数。结果表明,随着进口温度升高,回收率(R_p)、水分活度(a_w)、水溶性指数(WSI)、总酚含量(TPC)、清除自由基能力逐渐降低;随着出口温度升高,R_p逐渐增加,a_w、TPC、清除自由基能力逐渐降低,而WSI无显著变化。进料溶液中助剂类型和质量分数对桑葚粉理化指标影响显著(P<0.05)。随着菊糖质量分数增加,R_p逐渐降低,a_w逐渐增加、TPC先降低后增加,而WSI无显著变化。随着海藻糖质量分数增加,R_p逐渐降低,a_w、TPC、自由基清除能力逐渐增加,而WSI无显著变化。随着阿拉伯胶质量分数增加,a_w、TPC、自由基清除能力逐渐降低,R_p、WSI逐渐增加。桑葚汁喷雾干燥最适参数为:进口温度130℃、出口温度75℃,桑葚汁:麦芽糊精:乳清分离蛋白:海藻糖固形物质量分数比为65:8.5:1:25.5,此条件下,桑葚粉回收率(59.08%±2.86%),总酚含量(1209.47±40.37)mg GAE/100 g,自由基清除能力(0.62±0.06)mg/mL。     

婴儿配方奶粉喷雾干燥塔内附聚造粒工艺的优化

为优化婴儿配方奶粉喷雾干燥塔内附聚造粒工艺,采用单因素试验分别研究进风温度、喷枪附聚角度、奶液质量分数和喷嘴孔径对婴儿配方奶粉速溶性和粉体粒度分布的影响,并在此基础上,以喷枪附聚角度、奶液质量分数和喷嘴孔径为考察因素,婴儿配方奶粉分散度和0～50 μm粉体颗粒体积占比为响应值,应用Box-Behnken设计方法对婴儿配...     

双歧杆菌微胶囊喷雾干燥工艺的影响因素研究

选择明胶为壁材,以两歧双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium bifidus)Bbm为实验菌株,采用喷雾干燥的方法制成徽胶囊。研究了喷雾干燥过程中的固形物浓度、进样流量、进风温度、出口温度对微胶囊产率及菌体存活率的影响,确定最佳操作工艺参数为:固形物浓度为3%,进样流量为360 mL/h,进风温度为105℃,出口温度为54～57℃,微胶囊产率为65.7%,活菌存活率为53.5%,活菌数超过1×10~(10)cfu/g。     

Spray Drying of Goat Milk Protein Hydrolysates with Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Activity

A goat milk hydrolysate was stabilized by spray drying using different inlet air temperatures (170–230 °C) and feed flow rates (4–12 mL/min) following a central composite experimental design. In order to evaluate the effect of operational conditions on process yield, powder properties (density, moisture, hygroscopicity, and solubility) as well as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, experimental data were analyzed by response surface methodology. Input variables showed a significant influence on yield, density, and moisture, while hygroscopicity, solubility, and ACE inhibitory activity were not affected. The dried hydrolysate presented an average IC₅₀ value of 273.13 μg/mL, which involved a loss of 25 % in ACE inhibitory activity with respect to the feed. The variations detected in the low molecular weight fractions of the dried hydrolysates could be responsible for the variations in ACE inhibitory activity.     

低抗营养因子豆乳粉的喷雾干燥工艺研究

本文以木瓜蛋白酶水解后的传统生浆工艺制备豆乳为原料,研究其制备低抗营养因子豆乳粉的喷雾干燥工艺条件,并与6种市售豆粉进行分析比较。以豆乳粉的物性为评价指标进行单因素对比试验,得出喷雾干燥优选工艺条件为:进风温度185℃,进料速度350 m L/min,亲水性单甘脂和吐温80(3:2)用量2.0%,麦芽糊精添加量5.4%。在此条件下制得的豆乳粉润湿性和分散性比冰泉速溶豆乳粉高74.05%和11.94%,溶解度除维维和黑牛豆乳粉外,均优于其它市售豆乳粉;经检测其脲酶活性呈阴性,大豆球蛋白、β-伴大豆球蛋白和植酸含量均低于市售豆乳粉,胰蛋白酶抑制剂比冰泉速溶豆乳粉低15.32%,大豆凝集素比永和豆浆粉低14.00%。数据表明经本工艺制得的豆乳粉豆香味浓郁,溶解状态良好,其中大豆球蛋白、β-伴大豆球蛋白和植酸含量均显著低于市售豆乳粉。     

喷雾干燥及热风干燥对南瓜粉营养特性和感官品质的影响

以新鲜南瓜为原料,分别研究了喷雾干燥及热风干燥两种不同干燥工艺对南瓜粉营养特性和感官性能的影响,重点研究了喷雾干燥的干燥温度、压缩空气流量与改良剂添加量(南瓜固形物与麦芽糊精比例)及热风干燥的干燥温度,物料厚度与改良剂添加量(南瓜固形物与麦芽糊精比例)三个因素的影响,以南瓜粉成品的Vc和β-胡萝卜素含量及感官评分作为评...     

酸化及浓缩对龙眼粉加工的影响

以龙眼为原料 ,研究了加工过程中龙眼汁酸化和浓缩对龙眼喷雾干燥的影响。结果表明 :在打浆时添加龙眼果肉质量的 0 0 5 %～ 0 10 %的柠檬酸 ,将龙眼汁浓缩至固形物含量为 36 %进行喷物干燥可获得满意的结果。     

喷雾干燥和冷冻干燥莲子蛋白结构及其功能特性的比较

采用碱溶酸沉的方法提取莲子湿蛋白,通过喷雾干燥和冷冻干燥两种方法制备莲子蛋白粉,并对两种蛋 白粉的结构及其功能特性进行比较分析。研究表明：与冷冻干燥莲子蛋白（freeze-dried lotus seed protein,FLSP） 相比较,喷雾干燥莲子蛋白（spray-dried lotus seed protein,SLSP）明度大,色泽较好;扫描电子显微镜结果显示 SLSP呈现不规则的向内折叠起皱的球状结构,FLSP为盘状的大片层结构;X射线衍射测定表明两种干燥方法所得 蛋白都呈现非结晶性;圆二色谱进一步表明两种干燥蛋白的二级结构无明显变化,但两者均从有规则的结构向无规 则的结构转化;SLSP除了持水性和起泡性优于FLSP（P＜0.05）,其他功能特性如溶解性、持油性、乳化特性均有 所降低。因此,不同的干燥方法会改变莲子蛋白的结构特性,并进一步影响其功能特性,预示不同干燥方法所获得 的蛋白粉可能适用于不同产品的加工。     

双元助留助滤体系的作用效果初步研究——PEO／PFR在含机木浆中的应用

本文探讨了不同分子量的PEO和不同的PEO／PFR配比在含机木浆的新闻纸抄造中，对抄造性能和纸页物理性能的影响。     

干制方式对腊乳鸽脂质氧化及风味的影响

以乳鸽为原料,对干腌后的原料分别进行连续高温干制和低温+高温干制,基于水分、酸价、过氧化值、硫代巴比妥酸值、色差、感官评定和挥发性风味指标的检测,探究不同干制方式对产品的脂质氧化、品质变化和挥发性风味差异的影响。结果表明：随着干制时间的延长,乳鸽的L*、a*、b*整体均呈下降趋势,酸价、过氧化值、硫代巴比妥酸值持续上升,且干制温度越高,上升速率越快;连续高温干制的腊乳鸽的酸价、过氧化值、硫代巴比妥酸值分别为2.33 mg/g、0.16 g/100 g和2.52 mg/100 g,产品共检出20种挥发性风味物质,7种关键挥发性风味物质;而低温+高温干制的腊乳鸽酸价、过氧化值、硫代巴比妥酸值分别为2.60 mg/g、0.18 g/100 g和1.98 mg/100 g,共检出34种风味物质,14种关键挥发性风味物质;其中辛醛、肉桂醛、壬醛、香草醛、异辛醇和苯乙酮是两种腊乳鸽产品共同的关键挥发性风味物质,其对风味贡献大。两种干制方式的腊乳鸽产品感官评分无显著性差异（P＞0.05）,但低温+高温干制组检测出挥发性风味物质数量较多,脂质二级氧化产物较少,能更好地保留乳鸽的营养物质。     

喷雾干燥温度对酪蛋白胶束粉理化性质及微观结构的影响

研究了喷雾干燥温度对酪蛋白胶束粉(MCP)理化性质和微观结构的影响。分别采用不同的进、出口温度130℃/65℃,160℃/78℃,180℃/90℃对酪蛋白截留液进行喷雾干燥处理。结果表明:喷雾干燥温度为130℃/65℃时,得到的MCP分子表面平整,微观结构变化不明显,粉末流动性好。当温度从130℃/65℃上升至180℃/90℃时,MCP表面变得粗糙,粒径D50从14.13μm降到10.47μm,溶解度从84.14%降到60.44%,水分含量从4.07%降到3.20%,粉末的流动性指数从4.16减到1.27。综合来看,130℃/65℃是合适的喷雾干燥温度。