不同食用植物油中维生素E组分及含量研究

通过对9个不同品种的138个食用植物油样品中维生素E组分及含量的测定,分析研究不同食用植物油中维生素E组分及含量的分布情况。结果表明:9个油脂品种、101个一级油样品中维生素E含量范围为5.9~1 246.6 mg/kg,平均值652.4 mg/kg,维生素E总量的平均值排序为大豆油棉籽油玉米油葵花籽油菜籽油米糠油花生油芝麻油山茶油;不同油脂样品中维生素E的组分有明显差别,米糠油含有最齐全的8种维生素E组分,并且生育三烯酚含量的平均值占维生素E总量平均值的44.2%;玉米油含有3种生育酚和2种生育三烯酚,棉籽油中含有3种生育酚和1种生育三烯酚,但这两种油脂中生育三烯酚含量平均值分别仅占维生素E总量平均值的5.8%和2.8%;大豆油、菜籽油、花生油、葵花籽油均含有α-、γ-、δ-生育酚3种组分;山茶油中含有α-、γ-生育酚2种组分;芝麻油仅含有γ-生育酚1种组分。除芝麻油之外,所有油脂中均含有α-生育酚和γ-生育酚,其中葵花籽油中α-生育酚含量最高,大豆油中γ-生育酚含量最高。同一油脂品种、不同等级的油脂中维生素E含量也存在差异,总体趋势是维生素E含量随油脂精炼程度的加深而降低,但个别二级菜籽油样品中维生素E含量低于一级菜籽油,这与所采集油脂样品的来源不同有关。不同油脂品种、不同等级的食用植物油中维生素E组分及含量因油料品种、油脂精炼工艺的不同显示出明显差异。     

米糠油及其脱臭馏出物中生育酚和生育三烯酚的分析检测

对米糠油及其脱臭馏出物中生育酚及生育三烯酚含量进行检测分析,结果表明,米糠来源和米糠油精炼工艺对米糠油及其脱臭馏出物中α、β、γ、δ-生育酚和生育三烯酚的含量有显著影响。米糠毛油中生育三烯酚占维生素E总量的60%～70%,脱臭馏出物中生育三烯酚占维生素E总量的25%～40%,米糠油脱臭馏出物维生素E总量中生育三烯酚的含量较米糠毛油有较大的损失。通过对米糠油脱臭馏出物不皂化物的分析检测可知,米糠油脱臭馏出物中主要甾醇的种类为豆甾醇、菜油甾醇、谷甾醇,总甾醇含量很少,仅为0.32%;除此之外,还有少量日耳曼甾醇、羊毛甾醇、3,5-二烯豆甾烷等。     

超临界CO2法萃取树莓籽油的成分分析

采用超临界CO_2技术萃取树莓籽油,利用GC法测定脂肪酸组成,GC-MS联用法测定甾醇组成,HPLC测定生育酚含量,紫外可见分光光度计测定多酚含量。结果表明:超临界CO_2萃取树莓籽油的平均出油率为17.90%±0.3%;共检测到10种脂肪酸,其中亚油酸相对含量(57.44%)最高,其次是α-亚麻酸(26.58%)、油酸(11.94%)和棕榈酸(2.10%);脂肪伴随物中,共检测出7种甾醇,总甾醇含量为861.85 mg/100 g;γ-生育酚、α-生育酚和δ-生育酚含量分别达到799.248、602.996 mg/kg及13.371 mg/kg;多酚平均含量为(341.19±8.94)mg GAE/kg。此研究为树莓籽油及其他蔷薇科植物油的进一步开发利用奠定了基础。     

13个省茶叶籽油脂肪伴随物分析

对收集到的全国13个省的茶叶籽油样品中的脂肪伴随物成分含量做了测定分析研究,结果表明,茶叶籽油中茶多酚总含量为20～45 mg/kg;总生育酚含量250～450 mg/kg,且以α-生育酚为主;植物甾醇总含量为1 100～1 800 mg/kg;角鲨烯含量500～800 mg/kg。茶叶籽油中的植物甾醇主要为Δ7,22-麦角甾二烯醇和谷甾醇,除此之外还含较多的羊毛甾醇。     

冬瓜籽油的理化指标及营养成分的分析

对冬瓜籽油的理化性质、脂肪酸组成及营养成分进行分析。结果表明:冬瓜籽油酸价为4.96 mg/g,过氧化值为0.02 g/100 g,皂化值为195.97 mg/g,碘值为111.22 g/100 g;冬瓜籽油中包含12种脂肪酸,其中以亚油酸为主要脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸含量高达81.83%;冬瓜籽油还含有丰富的植物甾醇,其中菜油甾醇含量最高,为2 255.50 mg/kg,豆甾醇含量为980.76 mg/kg;冬瓜籽油中共检出3种生育酚,其中γ-生育酚含量最高(612.9 mg/kg),其次为α-生育三烯酚(90.6 mg/kg);冬瓜籽油中多酚类物质的含量为56.4 mg GAE/kg油。     

八角籽油成分和抗氧化性分析

文章主要通过索氏法和冷榨法提取八角籽油,并对比两种不同方式提取的八角籽油的理化特性、脂肪酸及脂肪伴随物。研究表明,两种提取方式对八角籽油脂肪酸的影响不显著,但对脂肪伴随物的影响较为显著。八角籽油中主要脂肪酸为亚油酸、油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸,不饱和脂肪酸含量高达80%以上。八角籽油含有丰富的总酚、甾醇(菜油甾醇、豆甾醇、β-谷甾醇、羊毛甾醇)和磷脂,并含有少量的角鲨烯和维生素E。β-谷甾醇占总甾醇的60%以上,在该油样中只检测到δ-生育酚,同时八角籽油的抗氧化能力优于其他常见植物油。八角籽油具有独特的八角茴香气味,因此八角籽油无论是作为新型调味油还是营养添加剂,都有很好的应用前景。     

云南11种油料作物油脂主要功能性成分评价

采用索氏抽提仪、气-质联用仪、高效液相色谱仪、紫外分光光度计对云南11种油料作物油脂中植物甾醇、角鲨烯、维生素E、类胡萝卜素和总酚含量进行测定分析。结果表明:植物油脂中的植物甾醇均以β-谷甾醇为主,β-谷甾醇含量最高的为菜籽油,总植物甾醇含量最高的也为菜籽油;橄榄油中角鲨烯的含量最高,达0.637%,明显优于其他植物油脂;红花籽油中维生素E含量最高,达19.90 mg/100 g(以α-生育酚计);花生油中类胡萝卜素含量最高,达18.10 mg/100 g;菜籽油中总酚含量最高,达247.91 mg/kg。通过主成分分析并对11种植物油脂的主要功能性成分综合得分进行排序,得分由高到低为菜籽油>橡胶籽油>花生油>红花籽油>橄榄油>大豆油>青刺果油>油茶籽油>油藤果油>核桃油>澳洲坚果油。因此,如果仅从脂溶性成分来看,菜籽油最优,橡胶籽油次之。     

食品抗氧化剂及其进展(四)

4.5 生育酚类天然生育酚（维生素E）有α、β、γ、δ、ε、ζ、η七种同系物,以前四种为主,主要存在于大豆等中。另有生育三烯酚,也有α、β、γ、δ四种同系物,主要存在于米糠油、椰子油等中。在90℃下对猪油的抗氧化能力依次为：δ-生育三烯酚＞δ-生育酚＞γ-生育三烯酚＞γ-生育酚＞β-生育三烯酚＞β-生育酚＞α-生育三烯酚＞α-生育酚。作为商品,绝大多数是生育酚类而很少生育三烯酚类。将各种生育酚与猪油均质后在60℃保温箱中的比较结果见图6（图中数字为加入量mg/kg）〔16〕。各种天然生育酚对猪油抗氧化效果比较各种生育酚…     

漆籽油的脱蜡工艺

为提高漆籽油质量,以陕西漆树籽为原料,研究了漆籽仁预处理方法对提取漆籽油的影响,通过正交试验优化了漆籽油精制脱蜡的工艺条件,研究了助滤剂添加量对蜡晶过滤速度的影响,并测定了漆籽油的理化指标,脂肪酸、维生素E和植物甾醇组成及含量。结果表明：热碱水处理漆籽仁所提取的漆籽油品质更好,此工艺也更适于实际生产;适合规模化生产的漆籽油精制脱蜡最佳工艺条件为降温速率1.0 ℃/h、养晶温度5 ℃、搅拌速度20 r/min;加入2.0%的珍珠岩作助滤剂,油蜡分离速度最快;在上述条件下,漆籽油脱蜡率为95.88%。漆籽油含有较高含量的亚油酸（687%）、δ-生育酚（422.78 mg/kg）、植物甾醇（3 760.00 mg/kg）,其中植物甾醇中的β-扶桑甾醇(386.21 mg/kg)、柠檬二烯醇(138.55 mg/kg)在常见植物油中未见报道。     

食品抗氧化剂及其进展（四） Food-Anti-oxidant Develop

4.5 生育酚类 天然生育酚（维生素E）有α、β、γ、δ、ε、ζ、η七种同系物,以前四种为主,主要存在于大豆等中。另有生育三烯酚,也有α、β、γ、δ四种同系物,主要存在于米糠油、椰子油等中。在90℃下对猪油的抗氧化能力依次为：δ-生育三烯酚＞δ-生育酚＞γ-生育三烯酚＞γ-生育酚＞β-生育三烯酚＞β-生育酚＞α-生育三烯酚＞α-生育酚。作为商品,绝大多数是生育酚类而很少生育三烯酚类。将各种生育酚与猪油均质后在60℃保温箱中的比较结果见图6（图中数字为加入量mg/kg）〔16〕。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press