Effect of heat input on the mechanical properties of welded joints in high-strength steels

Experiments were carried out to determine the properties of the welded joints in 8 mm thick high-strength steels produced by quenching and tempering and thermomechanical rolling with accelerated cooling (tensile strength 821–835 MPa). The dependence of the strength, elongation, hardness, impact energy and crack opening displacement on the heat input in the range 1.0–0.7 kJ mm^? 1 was determined. The results show that the dependence of the strength of the welded joints decreases and that of the elongation increases. The heat input has only a slight effect on the impact energy and crack opening displacement in the heat-affected zone.     

The study of measuring technology on the dynamic mechanical properties of welded joint with high strain rate

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在线淬火型微合金高强钢的回火组织与性能

对在线淬火型微合金高强结构钢在400~600 ℃范围内进行回火40 min处理,以研究不同回火温度对试验钢显微组织和力学性能的影响。通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜等进行组织观察分析,同时测量试验钢回火后的强度、硬度及-40 ℃冲击吸收能量等进行力学性能分析。试验结果表明:随着回火温度的升高,试验钢强度及硬度整体呈下降趋势,冲击性能整体上升,并在450~500 ℃出现回火脆性区。同时随着回火温度升高,试验钢组织中马氏体逐渐宽化减少,铁素体含量增多。450 ℃回火时,试验钢的组织为回火托氏体,此时其屈服强度和硬度分别为840 MPa和304 HV3,断后伸长率为14.4%,-40 ℃冲击吸收能量为129 J,达到良好综合力学性能。     

700MPa级高强钢焊接接头性能与组织

开展了不同焊接热输入、焊前免预热、焊后省略热处理的高强钢气保焊接实验。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及透射电子显微镜等分析手段研究焊接接头、焊缝和热影响区的显微组织特征及力学性能。结果表明,即使线能量增加到40 kJ/cm,焊接接头的性能仍能够满足设计要求,接头强度超过700 MPa,熔合线、焊接热影响区的-20℃低温冲击韧性大于47 J。焊缝组织是高韧性的细化针状铁素体,微米尺度细化的球形氧化物夹杂对钢的性能起重要影响作用;粗晶区贝氏体型板条粗大造成该区韧性下降;细晶区碳化物与高密度位错相互作用,显微组织尺度约2μm,细化的组织保证该区塑韧性最好。     

不同保护气体对无磁钢20Mn23AlV焊接接头组织及力学性能的影响

采用φ(Ar)97％+φ(CO2)3％和φ(Ar)97.5％+φ(CO2)2.5％两种保护气体对厚12?mm的20Mn23AlV无磁钢板进行焊接,对比不同保护气体下20Mn23AlV无磁钢焊接接头的显微组织及力学性能.结果表明:采用φ(Ar)97.5％+φ(CO2)2.5％保护气体焊接的试板焊缝表面成形更优,焊缝内部气...     

冶金因素对低合金钢焊接接头耐蚀性的影响

选择四种低合金钢并采用相应配套焊接材料,制备了焊条电弧焊焊接接头试样,通过室内腐蚀挂片试验和电化学测试,研究了焊接接头的不同区域的腐蚀行为,结合化学成分、夹杂物和微观组织分析,探讨相关冶金因素对接头腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明,对于不同钢的焊接接头而言,各接头母材之间、热影响区之间的腐蚀差异主要与其化学成分有关,但焊缝金属和熔合区之间的腐蚀差异则主要取决于夹杂物和微观组织.而同一焊接接头的不同区域的耐蚀性表现了较大差别,有的以焊缝的耐蚀性较差,有的则以母材的耐蚀性较差,导致不同区域耐蚀性差异的主要因素是化学成分、夹杂物、微观组织等.

Abstract：

The corrosion behaviors of four low-alloy steels welded joints have been studied by indoor exposure tests and electrochemical tests and the composition, inclusions and microstructures of such joints were also researched, For the different joints, the corrosion resistance of the parent-metal and heat-affect-zone is mainly dependent on the compositions of the steels; while the corrosion resistance of the welded bonds and welded metal is mainly dependent on inclusions and microstrures. For three distinct zones of the same welded joint, the corrosion resistance is different from each other. The corrosion resistance of distinct zones for the same welded joint is closely related to the chemical compositions, inclusions and micro-structures of the distinct zones respectively.     

Fatigue properties of welded joints using steel with high resistance to fatigue crack growth

It has been generally recognized that the fatigue life of welded joints is little influenced by the strength of steels owing to the high-stress concentration and the tensile residual stress near the weld toe. In this paper, improvement of the fatigue life of welded joints using steel with high resistance to fatigue crack growth (ferrite/martensite (F/M) steel) is investigated. F/M steel has a microstructure with an elongated and banded martensite phase distributed in a ferrite matrix and a fatigue crack growth rate of about one-half to one-tenth in the thickness direction, compared with conventional steel. As a result, the fatigue life of an out-of-surface gusset-welded joint increases with the decrease of the fatigue crack growth rate. The fatigue life of welded joints using F/M steel with the highest resistance to fatigue crack growth increases to about twice that of joints using conventional steel. Whereas the fatigue crack growth rate decreases significantly, the fatigue life of welded joints increases only slightly. This can be attributed to the stress ratio independent of the fatigue crack growth rate. In other words, the fatigue crack growth rate of F/M steel increases with the increase of the stress ratio, approaching that of conventional steel. In the case of welded joints, even if a fatigue test is carried out at a low-stress ratio, the region near the weld toe is under a high-stress ratio due to tensile residual stress. Therefore, improvement of the fatigue life of welded joints becomes comparatively small so that the effect of fatigue crack retardation of F/M steel decreases.     

高能喷丸对TC4焊接接头组织性能的影响

采用高能喷丸对TC4焊接接头进行表面纳米化处理,利用光学显微镜观察了焊接接头各区域的横截面微观组织,对各区域表层晶粒尺寸进行了X射线衍射分析、采用洛氏硬度计测量了表层各区域的硬度,利用应力仪测试其不同区域的残余应力,并对其进行了表征。结果表明,高能喷丸处理后在TC4焊接接头表面获得一定厚度的塑性变形层,经过高能喷丸处理,在强烈塑性变形作用下接头各区域表层晶粒尺寸均细化到纳米尺度。焊接接头三个区域的表面层硬度一致,且高于高能喷丸处理前试样的硬度;残余应力测试表明,经高能喷丸处理后焊接接头表层各区域均为残余压应力,高能喷丸实现了焊接接头表层组织和性能的均一化。     

超硬铝合金搅拌摩擦焊全局动态鲁棒控制技术

针对7075超硬铝在传统熔焊过程中易出现热裂纹、气孔等焊接接头软化问题,建立基于搅拌摩擦焊接工艺参数变化与焊接接头强度间的动态鲁棒控制关系. 根据全局运动与焊接强度参数间的非线性关系,建立搅拌针运动动态鲁棒控制模型,对焊接接头的断后伸长率、抗拉强度、硬度等物理参数进行计算. 建立未来时刻焊接过程工艺参数的鲁棒动态进化优化模型,实现工艺参数实时优化控制. 根据模型进行的一系列焊接接头强度试验结果,该模型的预测结果可以满足工程需要,具有工程实用价值.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of laser welded joints of pure copper and 304 stainless steels

A continuous wave diode laser with an output power of 2.8 kW was used to join pure copper and 304 stainless steel with a thickness of 1 mm. The focused laser beam with a diameter of O. 8 mm was irradiated on the copper side of the butt joints. In process of laser welding, effects of processing primary parameters on tensile strength of the joints were investigated. The interfacial characterizations of the joints were investigated by metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope （SEM） and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope （EDS）. The results showed that the element diffusion and solution occur and metallurgical bonding was achieved between pure copper and 304 stainless steel. The maximum tensile strength of the joints was 209 MPa when the laser power of welding was 2. 4 kW and welding speed was 12 mm/s.     

Static and low‐cycle strength of welded joints in a low‐alloy steel on the mesoscale level

The publications concerned with the pressure welding of cast iron are analysed. The advantages and shortcomings of individual welding methods are discussed. Examples of welding components and sections made of cast iron and of dissimilar components produced from steel and cast iron are shown. The current state of pressure welding of cast iron and prospects for the further development of this technology are outlined.     

Microstructure and deformation behaviour of laser welded dissimilar dual phase steel joints

The microstructure, microhardness, tensile properties, deformation and fracture behaviour of the Nd:YAG laser welded dissimilar joints between 780 and 980?MPa dual phase steels over a wide strain rate range were investigated. The welded joint shows hardening in fusion zone, supercritical and intercritical heat affected zones and softening in subcritical heat affected zones. For the dissimilar welded joint, the changing trend of the ductility is similar to those of the base metals with respect to the strain rate. The reason for the strain rate sensitivity of the failure location of the welded joint is that the major factor influencing the failure location changes from the content of ferrite to the content of ferrite/martensite interface with increasing strain rate.     

X80管线钢热丝TIG焊接接头显微组织和力学性能

采用热丝TIG焊对X80钢板进行对接,并研究了接头的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明:焊缝区主要为针状铁素体(AF)组织,热影响区粗晶区主要为贝氏体铁素体(BF)和粒状贝氏体(GB)组织,细晶区主要是多边形铁素体(PF)和少量贝氏体组成;焊接接头的平均抗拉强度为643 MPa,断裂在母材区;在-30℃时焊缝区的冲击吸收功高于热影响区,焊缝主要是韧脆混合断裂为主,而HAZ主要以脆性断裂为主。焊缝区的硬度较高,焊接接头HAZ存在硬化和软化现象。     

Evaluation of the strength of mechanically heterogeneous welded joints with crack‐like defects under quasi‐ductile fracture

Taking into account the special features of the thermophysical processes of polymer materials, the authors propose methods of welding polyethylene pipes for gas pipelines in which welding can be carried out without temporary cover at low temperatures of atmospheric air.     

高强厚板S620Q桥梁用钢焊接接头组织及力学性能

采用实芯80%Ar+20%CO2气体保护焊对40 mm厚S620Q桥梁用钢板进行多层多道焊接,利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜等分析手段研究焊接接头组织及力学性能。结果表明,从X形焊根到盖面焊道,焊缝组织由针状铁素体(AF)+粒状贝氏体(GB)转变为粗大AF+GB,强度先增大后减小。粗晶热影响区(CGHAZ)主要组织为板条状贝氏体、马氏体和GB。二次热循环温度在(α+γ)临界区时,粗晶区晶界处生成了不规则、岛状M-A和贝氏体,部分淬火区晶界处为GB。-20℃接头CGHAZ冲击韧性值高于焊缝,焊缝断口形貌为韧窝+少量解理,CGHAZ纤维区为大的韧窝,放射区为解理+少量韧窝,在小的撕裂刻面上有二次裂纹。CGHAZ晶界处不规则、岛状M-A对韧性损害较小,脆性解理断裂起源于晶内,而不是晶界。     

热处理对9Ni钢焊接接头组织与性能的影响

对9Ni钢焊接接头分别进行了QT处理和IHT处理,采用拉伸、硬度、冲击试验,断口电镜扫描等方法研究了两种热处理对焊接接头显微组织及性能的影响。结果表明,未经热处理时焊缝的组织为细晶铁素体+针状铁素体;QT处理后焊缝的组织为马氏体+奥氏体;IHT处理后焊缝组织为马氏体+奥氏体+铁素体。QT与IHT处理均能使9Ni钢焊接接头的强度、硬度下降,塑性上升;IHT处理后焊接接头的伸长率达到29.0%,塑性优于QT态。经QT和IHT处理后,焊缝的低温冲击吸收能量分别从48 J上升至78 J和100 J;IHT处理可明显提升焊缝的低温韧性,其冲击断口为典型的韧性断裂。     

奥氏体不锈钢丝激光焊接头的组织与力学性能

采用脉冲激光焊技术连接奥氏体不锈钢细丝.利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜等分析测试手段,研究了不锈钢丝激光焊接头的微观组织特点及激光焊参数对接头组织与力学性能的影响规律.结果表明,焊缝金属由奥氏体胞状晶和胞状树枝晶构成,热影响区主要为等轴晶,且过热区晶粒明显粗化.随着激光脉冲能量和脉冲宽度的增加,焊缝熔透率及熔宽增加,焊缝及热影响区组织有粗化的趋势.小的脉冲宽度(2,3ms)对于保证不锈钢丝焊接质量的稳定性是不利的.激光焊接头抗拉强度最大值为680MPa(脉冲宽度10ms,脉冲能量7.6J),焊缝中心区是焊接接头最薄弱的部位.     

TC4钛合金电子束焊接接头组织和性能

通过室温拉伸、室温缺口拉伸、显微硬度以及金相分析对TC4钛合金电子束焊接接头的显微组织和性能进行了研究。试验结果表明，用电子束焊接TC4钛合金可获得性能良好的焊接接头，其接头的抗拉强度不低于母材，焊缝的缺口敏感系数均小于1。焊缝区和热影响区的硬度均高于母材，焊缝组织是由较粗大的原始β相转变而成的α′相，即针状马氏体，热影响区组织为均匀且细小的针状马氏体和原始α相的混合物。     

承载超声冲击下焊接接头疲劳性能的改善

采用承载超声冲击处理的方法对20号钢T形管接头进行处理,并与原始焊态、非承载冲击处理态试件进行了对比.结果表明,在高应力比R=0.75的加载条件下,与原始焊态接头相比,非承载超声冲击和承载超声冲击的疲劳强度分别提高了23%和70%,疲劳寿命分别延长了1.4倍和5.6～8.5倍.从超声冲击处理区域表层组织、接头焊趾区表层硬度、焊接接头残余应力等方面比较了承载和非承载超声冲击提高焊接接头疲劳性能的异同,并采用有限元软件ABAQUS模拟了两种超声冲击处理下焊接接头的应力分布,与非承载冲击处理试件相比,承载冲击处理试件表面压缩应力值大,压缩应力层深.     

焊后热处理对31CrMoV9钢电子束焊接接头组织及性能的影响

研究了31CrMoV9钢电子束焊接接头在焊后去应力退火、焊后调质两种不同焊后热处理状态下的焊缝组织与性能,并与同等强度等级下的母材组织与性能进行了对比研究。结果表明,接头焊后组织为板条马氏体及少量残留奥氏体;焊缝经调质处理后,组织为相对均匀的回火索氏体,接头力学性能与母材相当,相比于焊后去应力退火处理,焊缝冲击性能大幅提高。两种类型的焊后热处理均未消除焊缝柱状枝晶等凝固组织形态,但焊后调质工艺可减轻焊缝柱状枝晶组织偏析,并使之细化,使得焊缝与母材的组织与硬度更加均匀;焊后经多次重复淬火,焊缝经检测均未见裂纹,说明焊后采用调质工艺可行,这为提高焊缝冲击性能提供了可行工艺路线。