十字形超高建筑间距对建筑群的干扰效应影响研究

为研究十字形超高层建筑组成的建筑群的风荷载干扰效应,本文基于计算流体力学Realizable K-e模型,数值模拟了单体十字形超高层建筑和由十字形超高层建筑组成的建筑群在不同间距(24m、30m、36m)下的风环境及建筑表面风荷载,获得了其建筑表面风压、风荷载局部体型系数、等效静风基底弯矩及干扰因子等结果,将两者结果进...     

建筑群风环境干扰效应研究

在TJ3风洞中,对浦东一拟建大楼与其周边建筑群之间的风环境群体干扰效应做了试验研究。分别对仅单体建筑、仅周边建筑群、单体建筑和周边建筑群三种情况进行了风洞试验。分析试验数据,得出各测点处平均风速系数rM和阵风风速系数rG随风向角的变化,进而得到周边建筑群对试验建筑风速系数的干扰因子IF1和试验建筑对周边建筑群风速系数的干扰因子IF2随风向角的变化。试验结果表明：处于高层建筑的尾流区或者当建筑并排布置形成街道峡谷时,干扰效应十分显著;矩形截面建筑的尖角效应比较明显;试验建筑建成后对原周边风环境的影响不可忽略。     

厦门市高层建筑群风场的数值风洞模拟分析

针对高层建筑群的风压、风荷载的分布问题,应用数值风洞方法模拟厦门市高层建筑密集区的风场,并根据数值模拟结果分析高层建筑群静力风效应的一些基本特点。分析结果表明:风场上游的高层建筑对下游的建筑有一定的遮掩效应;当建筑物之间间距较小时,容易产生狭缝效应;在建筑群的外围,迎风面平均风压力较大。同时根据上述分析结果,提出了一些具体的设计建议。     

前方建筑对高层建筑风压分布的干扰效应研究

在大气边界层风洞中开展了某高层建筑群刚性模型测压试验,对比分析了不同前方干扰条件下受扰建筑物表面风压分布特性。结果表明:1)建筑前方无施扰建筑时,斜向布置的施扰建筑物以及并联布置的施扰建筑物对受扰建筑立面的正压影响较大;2)前方施扰建筑较低时,下部平均正压减小明显,最大高达70%,而高处则存在正压局部放大效应;3)前方施扰建筑较高时,迎风面的干扰因子在高度上分布是比较平均的,并且受到的遮挡效应十分明显。所得结果可为此类建筑进行结构风荷载设计提供参考。     

高层建筑群体干扰效应数值模拟研究

通过数值模拟研究了某超高层建筑群风荷载特性及相互干扰效应。结果表明:不同风向角对建筑群体周围风场影响较大,在建筑角部及塔楼之间的空隙位置存在显著的加速现象。建筑风荷载及顺风向阻力系数受相邻建筑干扰明显,随着风向角的改变,建筑表面风荷载及整体受力特性都会发生相应变化,在实际设计中,应考虑建筑群体效应对设计风荷载的影响。     

双塔建筑风荷载狭缝效应的数值研究

对双塔建筑进行了风荷载和风场的数值模拟,计算得出了建筑周围的流场分布和建筑表面各测点的风压,并着重讨论了双塔建筑物之间的狭缝效应,结果表明,并列布置时,干扰作用只发生在相邻建筑物的侧风面,对相邻建筑物的迎风面影响很小,干扰作用的大小与建筑物的间距有关。     

不同排列方式平屋面建筑群极值风荷载干扰效应影响研究

通过风洞试验,采用单因素轮换法,研究了建筑物排数、列数及面积密度对平屋面低矮建筑群各位置建筑物的屋面极值风压系数干扰效应的影响规律。试验结果表明:屋面大部分区域极值风荷载干扰效应以遮挡效应为主,中心建筑物的屋面各区域、边缘和角部建筑物的角部和中心屋面区域遮挡效应尤为显著,屋面边缘中间区域出现了放大效应,最大增幅达到14%;增加建筑物排数或列数,对角部和边缘建筑物影响较大,其屋面角部和中心区域极值风压缩减效应进一步增强;3排3列建筑群中,中心建筑物屋面各区以及角部和边缘建筑物靠近建筑群中心的屋面角部区域极值风压均对建筑面积密度较为敏感,干扰因子随建筑面积密度增加而线性减小,比例系数接近-1. 0,而角部建筑物和边缘建筑物中远离建筑群中心的屋面角部区域极值风压对建筑面积密度并不敏感。     

错列超高层建筑群风荷载静力干扰效应的试验与数值模拟研究

对实际超高层建筑群进行了群体和单体塔楼两次同步测压风洞试验,通过两次试验测量结果,考察风向及塔楼位置对顺、横风向和扭转方向的主体结构承受平均风荷载的影响。同时,进行了CFD数值模拟研究。通过试验结果与数值模拟结果的对比分析,验证了数值模拟的可靠性,结合风压试验结果及CFD计算结果对建筑群干扰效应进行了分析和干扰机理说明。研究结果表明,对于建筑基底力而言数值模拟计算结果偏小,但是无量纲静力干扰因子数值计算和试验结果符合得很好,数值模拟计算可以用于风荷载干扰效应的定性分析。处于中间位置的2号塔楼风荷载静力干扰效应明显,干扰放大作用显著。     

某典型高层建筑表面风压分布特性及干扰效应试验研究

结合某典型高层建筑刚体模型测压试验,详细分析了有、无周边建筑物干扰两种情况下其表面风压的分布特性,并绘制了建筑表面的平均风压系数、脉动风压系数等值线分布图。试验研究表明:群体高层建筑间的风干扰问题主要表现为遮挡效应和峡管效应;当上游建筑的尾流边界受到干扰时,上游建筑的侧风面和背风面的风压系数会发生显著改变。     

复杂构形建筑物风荷载相互干扰研究

以北京中环世贸大厦四座塔楼的风荷载为例,通过风洞模拟实验研究了具有复杂构形的建筑物风荷载相互干扰问题.本文通过风洞模拟实验测得的建筑物表面平均风压分布,在三个典型风向角下,分析讨论了周围建筑物对中世大厦以及中世大厦四座塔楼之间的群体干扰.特别是展示了由于“夹道效应”所引起的建筑物表面局部风压分布大幅度增加的现象,分析讨论了其发生的原因和变化规律.对类似的复杂构形的建筑和结构风荷载设计具有参考价值.     

健康视角下联合办公楼通话空间设计策略初探

分析联合办公楼在发展过程中呈现的办公模式、空间特征和声音干扰问题,为建设良好声环境提供借鉴。通过案例调研与文献综述,归纳分析联合办公使用者对声环境的需求以及声音干扰的影响,探索声音干扰问题产生的源头与使用者交流需求之间的密切相关性。基于此,提出在联合办公楼中设置通话空间,通过这种私密交流空间来缓解使用者被动接受声音干扰的问题;进而,研究基于联合办公楼的健康声环境分析通话空间的营造策略,具体从设计思路、空间布局、建造方式、外部尺寸与隔音设置这5个方面展开设计策略内容。     

Wind‐induced interference effects between twin tapered skyscrapers

Twin high‐rise buildings, that is, two closely located tall buildings with identical or similar geometrical features, are inevitably under wind‐induced interference effects. Most previous studies employed rectangular or circular prisms as twin tall buildings to investigate the interference effects. Therefore, these findings need further verification and modification for twin high‐rise buildings with more complex exterior geometries. This study uses wind tunnel pressure measurement tests to investigate the interference effects on typical twin super‐tall buildings with a tapered shape and recessed corners. Structural overall overturning moments and surface wind pressures applied on the twin skyscrapers are analyzed and discussed in detail. The interference effects on the twin skyscrapers are further compared with those on paired square prisms with the same height and footprint breadth. The results show that the interference effects on the twin tapered super‐tall buildings differ considerably from those on the square prisms, and the critical building configurations that need cautious treatment in the designs of twin skyscrapers are specified.     

Aerodynamic interference effects of a proposed taller high‐rise building on wind pressures on existing tall buildings

When a large super high‐rise building taller than the surrounding tall buildings is built in a dense urban area, the aerodynamic interference effects of the surrounding buildings on the proposed building attract much attention, while the interference effects of the taller high‐rise building on the nearby existing buildings are often ignored. Based on a series of wind tunnel tests, the interference effects of a proposed taller high‐rise building, an adjacent equal‐height partner building, and relatively short background buildings on the target building's local wind pressures are analysed in this paper. Two‐dimensional numerical simulation are carried out to further understand the interference mechanism in some cases. The test results show that the influence of a nearby proposed taller high‐rise building may lead to wind‐induced damage on the interfered shorter buildings' envelopes. The envelope structures of other surrounding buildings facing the side of the proposed building need to be given more attention.     

Simplified formulas for evaluation of wind-induced interference effects among three tall buildings

The base-bending moment (BBM) response and the mean BBM of grouped high-rise buildings are studied by a series of wind tunnel tests on typical tall building models using the high-frequency force balance technique. Interference excitations of two upwind buildings with various heights in different upwind terrains are considered. An effective method is proposed to represent the distribution of the envelope interference factor (EIF) among three tall buildings. The results show that two upstream buildings cause more adverse dynamic effects on the downstream building than a single upstream building does. Significant correlations are found in the distributions of the interference factors of different configurations and upwind terrains. Relevant regression equations are proposed to simplify the complexity of the multi-parameter wind-induced mean and dynamic interference effects among three tall buildings. Finally, an example of how to use the data provided in this paper and the proposed methodology is presented.     

The effect of plan ratios on wind interference of two tall buildings

Tall buildings are vulnerable to lateral loading. The facades of these buildings are susceptible to wind loads. It is very difficult to assess the wind condition around the tall building in the presence of other surrounding buildings due to the wind interference effect. An experiment is carried out in the Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel at Tokyo Polytechnic University, Japan, to study the wind interference effect on tall buildings with varying plan ratios. The maximum and minimum local peak pressure coefficient contours on front face of the principal building are plotted. The interference effect is quantified in terms of interference zone charts. It is observed that interference zones extend over a larger area as the building plan ratios increases. The minimum interference factor depends on the plan ratios of the interfering building especially along the oblique direction. The results of this study may be useful for the preliminary design of cladding of tall buildings with interfering buildings.     

不同断面宽度群体高层建筑的动力干扰效应(第1部分 顺风向响应)

基于高频底座力天平技术,研究了不同宽度比的两个和三个建筑物间的顺风向动力干扰效应。文中采用了神经网络、统计和谱分析等方法对干扰特性和机理进行了分析。结果显示,当受扰建筑位于上游施扰建筑物的尾流边界时,会产生较大的动力响应;并且两个施扰建筑物的联合干扰作用会比单个施扰建筑物的干扰作用强,在B类地貌下两个施扰建筑物测出的干扰因子(IF)会比单个施扰建筑的增加79%。位于上游的施扰建筑所脱落的旋涡会使受扰建筑产生涡激共振响应并且产生数倍于非共振情况的IF值,尤其对于小宽度的施扰建筑,在较小的折算风速时就会产生涡激共振问题。粗糙化地貌的高湍流度会对上游施扰建筑尾流的旋涡形成产生一定的抑制作用,在D类地貌下的IF值要远小于B类地貌情况,但在D类地貌下观察到IF值仍有2.2。     

Across‐wind dynamic response of high‐rise building under wind action with interference effects from one and two tall buildings

Systematic studies on the across‐wind dynamic interference effects on two and three tall buildings are presented in this paper. It is found that surrounding and upstream interfering building(s) can significantly affect the across‐wind load on the interfered principal building. Generally speaking, two interfering buildings can cause more adverse dynamic effects on the principal building than a single one does. The results show that the maximum interference factor (IF) among three buildings increases 80% over that between two buildings in terrain category B which has been defined in Chinese load code for design of building structures; a noticeable difference of 29% of IF is also observed in terrain category D. Vortex shedding from the upstream buildings can lead to vortex‐induced resonance, resulting in excessive across‐wind loads on the downstream building. Although interference effects in terrain category D are much smaller than those in exposure category B, the maximum IF is found to be 1·83 in the case of three buildings with the same size in terrain category D and 2·27 in other configurations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

群体高层建筑风致干扰效应研究进展

在高层建筑抗风设计中,正确地评估邻近建筑对风荷载的影响具有重要的理论和实用价值。从干扰机理、基底荷载干扰以及风压干扰3个方面总结与评述了国内外风致干扰效应的研究进展,列举了各国风荷载规范对干扰效应的条文规定;结合作者所在研究团队近十多年来进行的群体高层建筑的研究成果,对GB 50009-2012《建筑结构荷载规范》的风致干扰条文进行了补充说明,重点介绍了群体建筑气动干扰的量化方法,并强调了干扰效应的适用条件为折算风速不大于7;根据前期研究存在的问题和实际工程需求,建议进一步开展对群体建筑干扰机理、结构顶部峰值加速度、扭转干扰响应以及不同方向荷载相关性等方面的系统性研究。     

受扰高层建筑的风致响应分析

受扰状态下高层建筑的静动力响应明显不同于单体建筑。以一实际姊妹塔楼为研究对象,根据风洞试验中获得的风压分布结果,计算塔楼结构的风致响应。风洞试验及结构响应计算不仅考虑了两栋塔楼同时存在的情况,还考虑一栋塔楼先期建成,另一塔楼尚未建造的情况。细致分析了不同风向下结构的平均及脉动位移响应、静动力干扰因子的特点。结果表明,施扰建筑位于受扰建筑正前方时具有最大的干扰效应,此时受扰塔楼的总位移峰值最小;而当受扰建筑处于施扰建筑下游时,在风向偏斜时,受扰塔楼的总位移峰值最大。