邻苯二甲酸酯降解菌的分离鉴定及降解特性

为了对邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)污染的土壤进行生物修复,从人工湿地土壤样品中分离到7株能够以PAEs为唯一碳源和能源生长的菌株D1～D7,对其综合形态特征、主要生理生化特性和16S rRNA基因序列分析结果进行鉴定,并通过3 d摇瓶间歇试验检测其对PAEs和邻苯二甲酸(PA)的降解能力．结果表明,D1、D2与假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)的同源性分别为100％和98％,D3与肠杆菌属(Enterobacter sp.)的同源性在99％以上,其余4株细菌与红球菌属(Rhodococcus sp.)的同源性都在98％以上．这些菌株对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)和邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(DEHP)的降解率分别在65％,60％和30％以上,且对PAEs的降解率随侧链烷基链的增长而下降．这7株PAEs降解菌均能在以PAEs的降解中间产物——PA为唯一碳源的培养液中生长,对PA的利用率在18％～39％,这说明它们可能通过PA途径实现PAEs的完全降解．     

高效石油烃降解菌的分离鉴定及降解特性

为获得更为丰富的石油降解微生物资源,从沈抚污灌区石油污染土壤和实验室高浓度柴油胁迫土壤中筛选出了4株高效石油烃降解菌SF-422、SF-428、SF-433和SYS-1.这4株菌总石油烃(Total petroleum hydrocarbon/TPH)生物降解率为67.4%~73.6%.经过16项生理生化特性实验和16S rDNA序列分析鉴定,SF-433,SF-428,SF-422和SYS-1分别为蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus),木糖氧化无色杆菌(Achromobacter xylosoxidans),施氏假单胞菌(Pseudomonas stutzeri)和洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia cepacia).纯烃降解定性实验表明所筛选出的4株高效降解菌均能够利用正十六烷、苯、菲和环己烷为唯一碳源生长,其中菌株SF-428和SYS-1显示了对芳烃及环烷烃较强的利用能力.     

一株具抗菌活性的恒山黄芪内生真菌的分离与鉴定

从药用植物恒山黄芪的根、茎、叶中分离出49株内生真菌,经抗菌活性检测,筛选出1株具有高活性广谱抗菌的菌株AR08,经形态特征和ITS序列鉴定菌株AR08为烟曲霉(As-pergillus fumigatus).其抗菌谱表明,它对革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌及测试的植物病原真菌均具有很强的抗性.     

Isolation and characterization of acidophilic bacterium from Dongxiangshan Mine in Xinjiang Province, China

One bioleaching bacterium, named as strain DXS, was isolated from acid mine drainages (AMDs) of Dongxiangshan Mine of Hami, Xinjiang Province, China. The strain DXS is gram-negative and rod-shaped with a size of (0.40±0.05) μm×(1.3±0.5) μm. The optimal temperature and pH for growth are 30 ℃ and pH 2.0, respectively. It can grow autotrophically by using ferrous iron, elemental sulfur and NaS2O3 as sole energy sources. In the phylogenetic tree, strain DXS has similarity with Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans typ...     

Isolation, identification and characterization of cadmium-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain E1

Strain E₁ with resistance to 18 mmol/L cadmium (Cd), isolated from Cd-contaminated soil was identified by morphological observation, biochemical and physiological characterization and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The resistance to heavy metals Cd, Cu, Co, Mn, Pb, Zn and 12 antibiotics was examined. The ability of removing Cd from solution was studied. The characterizations show that strain E₁ is affiliated to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). Strain E₁ has high resistance to heavy metals and the order is found to be Cd>Mn>Zn>Cu>Pb>Co in solid media. Strain E₁ also exhibits the resistance to 12 antibiotics. Both living and non-living cells of strain E₁ can remove Cd from solution, and living cell has better biosorption than non-living cell. Foundation item: Project (50621063) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project (2004CB619204) supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of China     

一株高效反硝化聚磷菌的筛选及脱氮除磷效能

高效的反硝化聚磷菌的分离及脱氮除磷效能的研究对于反硝化聚磷机理及脱氮除磷工艺的创新具有重要意义.采用专性培养基,从稳定运行的A/O/A SBR反应器中分离得到16株反硝化聚磷菌.通过poly-P染色试验、吸磷试验、硝酸盐还原产气及脱氮效能试验相结合的方法,筛选得到一株高效的反硝化聚磷菌Q-hrb05.实验结果表明：经1...     

Isolation and characterization of Acidithiobacillus caldus from several typical environments in China

Six strains of moderately thermophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were isolated from several different typical environments in China. The identities of the isolates were confirmed by analyses of their 16S rRNA genes, and some key physiological traits. The isolates are Gram negative, rod-shaped bacteria, their optimal temperature and pH value for growth are 45-50 ℃ and 2.5-3.5 respectively. They are autotrophic and used＇elemental sulfur, sodium thiosulfate and potassium tetrathionate as electron donor, while a little glucose stimulated their growth. 16S rDNA sequences analysis reveals that the strains are phylogenetically clustered to Acidithiobacillus caldus.     

Preparation and properties of ceramic facing brick from East-lake sediment

In order to utilize solid wastes, ceramic facing brick was made form East-lake sediment and some additives. The strength and freeze-thaw resistance of the samples were tested, and the crystal phases and microstructures were studied by XRD and SEM. The results indicate that the samples have a wide firing temperature range. The main crystal phases are CaAl2Si2O8, α-Al2O3, Fe2O3, which distribute uniformly in the samples. The sample have the best properties in the series ’Ca-Al-Si’, and water absorption (Wa) , porosity (Pa), bulk density (D), bending strength and compressive strength are 7.24%, 15.82%, 2.19 g.cm-3, 45.57 MPa and 56.81 MPa respectively, when the addition amount of East-lake sediment is 80% and the firing temperature is 1 100 ℃. In the series ’K-Al-Si’, the sample with the best properties was obtained when addition amount of East-lake sediment was 70% and firing temperature was 1 060 ℃. The water absorption, porosity, bulk density, bending strength and compressive strength are 7.62%, 16.37%, 2.15 g～cm-3, 39.26 MPa, and 50.81 MPa respectively. They all come up to the national standardization, and meet the needs of manufacturing production.     

苏云金芽孢杆菌晶体蛋白分离纯化新方法研究

分离苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bt）晶体蛋白常用的方法有液体双相法、密度梯度法、沉淀法、生物-物理分离法等,但这几种方法各有优缺点。从分离成本、仪器设备、纯度、产量、活性等方面考虑,在超声波处理、悬液制备和紫外线辐射3个方面进行了改进,提出了一种新的分离Bt晶体蛋白的方法,产品纯度可达90%以上,产率从原来的20%提高到28%。本方法成本低,产率高,操作简单,具有很强的实用价值。     

Isolation and characterization of YNTC-1, a novel Alicyclobacillus sendaiensis strain

A heterotrophic acidothermophilic bacterial strain, YNTC-1, was isolated from an acidic hot spring in Tengchong, Yunan, China. YNTC-1 grows at pH value of 1.5-8.0 and temperature of 40-70 ℃, with optimal pH and temperature at 3.0 and 55 ℃, respectively. The cells of the strain are in shape of short rod, with 1.0-1.2 μm in length and 0.7-0.8 μm in diameter, and with distinct spores at both poles of each cell. The predominant fatty acids in cellular membrane of the strain are C18：1 ω7c. 16s rRNA gene analysis reveals that this strain is closely related to Alicyclobacillus sendaiensis, with over 99% sequence similarity. Based on phenotypic and genotypic analyses, YNTC-1 is identified as a member ofA. sendaiensis. Considering some important morphological and biochemical differences between strain YNTC-1 and A. sendaiensis ATCC 27009T, YNTC-1 may be proposed to be a novel subspecies of A. sendaiensis. However, this viewpoint has to be confirmed by further studies. Co-bioleaching of pyrite and chalcopyrite with strain YN22, Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans, shows that strain YNTC-1 has no evident influence on bioleaching rates of these two sulphide minerals.     

不同产地仙鹤草内生真菌分布及活性菌株筛选

药用植物内生菌是影响宿主活性成分积累的一大因素,不同产地药用植物内生菌的种类与分布值得探讨.对江西、内蒙古产仙鹤草内生真菌进行分离培养,分别获得20株与17株内生真菌,并与浙江产30株仙鹤草内生真菌进行比较,发现不同产地仙鹤草内生真菌种类与分布均有差异,浙江产仙鹤草内生真菌种类最多.通过将内生真菌接种至含仙鹤草多酚粗提物的培养基中,研究各菌株培养基中多酚类物质含量变化,结果表明:8株内生真菌能显著提高培养基中多酚类物质的质量浓度,其中江西产仙鹤草内生菌株R3-1为106.37μg/mL,是对照组(8.70μg/mL)的12.23倍,提高幅度最大.采用分子生物学技术,鉴定R3-1菌株为黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus).     

多汁乳菇多糖的分离纯化及三种食用菌多糖的抗氧化研究

以多汁乳菇子实体为原料,采用水提醇沉辅助超声破碎提取多糖,经Sevage除蛋白得到多汁乳菇多糖,并通过体外实验比较多汁乳菇多糖(refined polysaccharide from Lactarius volemus Fr.,RPLV)、白玉菇多糖(refined polysaccharide from White Hypsizigus marmoreus,RPHM)、姬菇多糖(refined polysaccharide from Pleurotus cornucopiae,RPPC)对·OH、·O^-₂、DPPH自由基的清除率及还原力来评价三者的抗氧化活性. 结果显示,RPLV的糖含量为66.44%,蛋白质含量为3.57%; RPLV、RPHM、RPPC均可较好地清除·OH、·O^-₂、DPPH自由基、增强还原力,且均随着浓度的增加而增强; 抗氧化活性从强到弱依次是RPPC、RPHM、RPLV. 研究结果表明,3种食用菌多糖尤其是RPPC均有望开发成良好的天然抗氧化剂.     

Fe2O3对污泥与底泥制备轻质陶粒性能的影响

为研究在以污水污泥和河道底泥为主要原料制取轻质陶粒过程中,Fe₂O₃质量分数对陶粒性能的影响,对陶粒的物理性能、表面形态、抗压强度和晶体构成进行研究,结果表明,Fe₂O₃质量分数在3.5％～7％时,可取得松散容重和表观密度较高、吸水率比较小、抗压强度较高的陶粒．扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析表明,随着Fe₂O₃质量分数的增加,陶粒表面玻璃化效果明显．在Fe₂O₃质量分数为5％时,可得到致密性较好、表面微孔分布均匀的陶粒．Fe₂O₃质量分数在3.5％～7％时,陶粒的抗压性能良好(14 MPa以上)．X射线衍射分析(XRD)表明,陶粒中主要晶体为石英、钠钙长石、蓝晶石和赤铁矿,内部以稳定的硅酸盐晶体为主．随着Fe₂O₃质量分数的增加,更多的Fe₂O₃可以在高温条件下转换为晶体结构的赤铁矿．在利用污水污泥与河道底泥制取轻质陶粒的过程中,控制Fe₂O₃质量分数在3.5％～7％较合适．