纳米计量领域中标准物质调查分析

一、调查情况说明 1．调查背景 纳米技术是一门交叉性很强的综合学科．研究的内容涉及现代科技的广阔领域。1993年．国际纳米科技指导委员会将纳米技术划分为纳米电子学、纳米物理学、纳米化学、纳米生物学、纳米加工学和纳米计量学等6个分支学科。其中．前5个分支学科主要以纳米材料和纳米器件为研究对象。纳米计量学则以纳米尺度范围内的检测与表征为主要研究内容。 纳米尺度范围内的检测与表征既是纳米技术研究必不可少的手段，也是纳米理论与实验的重要基础。     

国际纳米技术标准化动态

纳米,是十亿分之一米。各国科学家普遍认为,纳米尺度的材料和具有纳米结构的材料的独特性质,可望发展出新型的功能材料和功能器件,以至于形成新型的产业,纳米科技将对21世纪的科技、国民经济乃至人们的生活方式产生重要影响。纳米技术是20世纪80年代发展起来的新兴技术,因此纳米技术和产业还处于起始阶段,纳米技术的标准化是跟随纳米技术的产业化来的,世界各国正在抓紧部署纳米技术的标准化工作。本文简单介绍国际纳米技术标准化动态,还简要介绍与标准化工作有关的纳米测量技术的国际动态。一、纳米技术标准化的重要性和迫切性纳米科技越来…     

国际纳米技术标准化动态

纳米，是十亿分之一米。各国科学家普遍认为，纳米尺度的材料和具有纳米结构的材料的独特性质。可望发展出新型的功能材料和功能器件，以至于形成新型的产业，纳米科技将对21世纪的科技、国民经济乃至人们的生活方式产生重要影响。纳米技术是20世纪80年代发展起来的新兴技术，因此纳米技术和产业还处于起始阶段，纳米技术的标准化是跟随纳米技术的产业化来的，     

中国“纳米”论文世界第一

截至2004年12月，我国已有从事纳米技术贸易的公司800多家，纳米技术研究机构上百家，但是目前我国纳米科技的产业化效果还不太理想，技术门槛较低的纳米产品在市场占大多数。这是记者从2005中国国际纳米科技会议获悉的。     

纳米科技喜迎春天--30余位青年科学家共同探讨纳米科技发展趋势与创新

就在美国总统布什签署《21世纪纳米技术研究开发法案》的三天后,国内30余位纳米科技界的青年精英汇集北京,在对纳米电子、纳米生物和纳米材料等领域的科技前沿问题进行广泛交流的基础上,深入探讨了纳米科技的发展趋势与我国纳米科技研究的未来走向问题,发出从国家层面对纳米科技资源进整合的呼吁,他们最大的感触是“纳米科技的春天已经来临”     

纳米技术国内外研究概况与在装备业中的应用前景

纳米技术是科技创新的重要方向之一,已成为以物理、化学、生物学、电子学、材料学为基础的综合学科,纳米科技将推动产品的微型化、高性能化、环境友好化,是人类可持续发展的保证。纳米科技的应用将引发新一轮产业革命,国家战略明确要集中力量在纳米等技术取得重点突破。新材料-纳米技术有走向融合的趋势,纳米技术与传统产业的交叉融合性使纳米技术的应用前景十分广阔。美国雷克斯研究公司预测,10年内纳米技术产品将达2.6万亿美元,相当于整个制造业的15%,或I T与通信行业之和。纳米技术国内外研究概况世界纳米研究简况世界各主要国家政府对…     

化学工业的纳米时代

在过去的一年中，纳米技术这个名词似乎已经变得家喻户晓。受到始于上个世纪末的纳米科技浪潮的影响，学术界和工业界对于纳米级科学和工程的美好前景充满信心。     

美国纳米科技行动计划的投资动态对我国的若干启示

1概述2000年1月21日,时任美国总统克林顿宣布启动国家纳米技术计划(National Nanotechnology Initiative,NNI),这是全球最早启动的政府发展纳米科技的战略计划,掀起了纳米科技发展的热潮。2003年,美国通过《21世纪纳米技术研究与发展法》(以下简称'《法案》'),以法律的形式确定了美国对纳米技术研发及产业发展的长期支持。多年来,NNI计划始终坚持以下4个目标不动摇:     

浅论纳米涂料的发展与应用

科技的发展,使我们对物质的结构研究的越来越透彻.纳米技术便由此产生了,主要对纳米材科和纳米涂料的应用加以阐述.     

适用于生物体系的自驱动纳米技术研究进展

随着纳米科技的快速发展,出现了不少可用于生物体系的植入式纳米器件,因而开发一种全新的、与植入式纳米器件相匹配的纳米供能系统意义重大。自驱动纳米技术可以从环境中收集能量转化为电能,实现能量自给,有望成为植入式纳米器件能源问题的有效解决方案。对纳米发电机、生物燃料电池、太阳能电池这3种自驱动纳米技术的研究现状、面临问题以及未来研究方向进行了综述,以期为自驱动纳米技术的应用与发展提供参考和借鉴。     

The use of life cycle tools to support decision making for sustainable nanotechnologies

Nanotechnology is a broad-impact technology with applications ranging from materials and electronics to analytical methods and metrology. The many benefits that can be realized through the utilization of nanotechnology are intended to lead to an improved quality of life. However, numerous concerns have been expressed regarding the unchecked growth of nanotechnology and the unforeseen consequences it may bring. To address the concerns, nanotechnology must be examined under the microscope of sustainability. This work applies the life cycle perspective to provide an understanding of the challenges facing the development of sustainable nanotechnology. A discussion of the holistic tools used to assess the components of sustainability serves as the basis to examine how a harmony between policy and product development can be maintained using decision making for sustainability. This harmony will be most readily achieved using an enhanced risk management strategy for sustainability that combines sustainability assessment with sustainable chemical design.     

步进高度测量技术

回顾了步进高度测量技术在纳米计量中的应用．分析了在步进高度测量技术中的一些分析方法、算法和误差源，表明了不同的算法会导致不同的结果．提出了步进高度测量中的最佳操作过程．     

Delineating development trends of nanotechnology in the semiconductor industry: Focusing on the relationship between science and technology by employing structural topic model

The bibliometrics research on nanotechnology highlights close interrelationships between scientific and technological activities (S&T) in the field of nanotechnology. Notwithstanding abundant empirical evidence on the mutual relations between S&T, the dynamics of the relationship from a contextual perspective have gained relatively little attention. Accordingly, our understanding of how science- and technology-oriented nanotechnology identifies development opportunities from each other is still at a nascent stage. To address this gap, by focusing on nanotechnology in the semiconductor industry, we use structural topic model to empirically explore the dynamic interrelationships between science- and technology-oriented nanotechnology. We empirically delineate the dynamic development trends in the context of the interrelationships between S&T and demonstrate how development opportunities are identified from each other. These findings show a new window of opportunities for how state-of-the-art models for semantic analysis can be used in the literature on S&T interrelationships.     

Nanometrology in Emerging Economies: The Case of Mexico

Nanotechnology is a global phenomenon already impacting, in some way, the scientific, technological, economic and social development, and the culture, of emerging economies, like Mexico’s. As any new technology, on one hand it has the potential to be one of the main sources of productivity growth for these economies, but on the other it can also be the origin of drawbacks if no appropriate actions are taken about. The effects of such impact depend on how the country prepares itself concerning the aforementioned aspects of development. Metrology constitutes a discipline which is transversal to all of these aspects. It has to move forward in order to face the challenges derived from nanotechnology, in proportion to the particular status of the country. Metrology has to be seen as an essential part of nanotechnologies. Any activity within science and technology must be accompanied by reliable measurements. The current paper describes issues and challenges in metrology to be faced in Mexico concerning this technology.     

光学计量在新旧动能转换中的发展

在新旧动能转换的新形势下,对光学计量专业发展来说是新的机遇,同时也面临着新的挑战。本文从光学计量的专业角度出发,结合光学计量的实际情况,提出了提升传统光学计量专业、发展新兴光学计量专业的新思路,并对光学计量在新旧动能转换的新形势下如何发展,以及发展过程中的机遇和挑战进行了思考和研究。     

Love dynamics between science and technology: some evidences in nanoscience and nanotechnology

This paper borrows Strogatz’s dynamic model for love affair between Romeo and Juliet and extends this model to nonlinear simultaneous differential equations model in order that we can characterize the dynamic interaction mechanisms and styles between science and technology (S&T). Then we further apply the proposed new model to the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology (N&N) for the purpose of analyzing the reciprocal dependence between S&T. The empirical results provide an understanding of the relationship between S&T and their dynamic potential of interdependence in the selected 20 leading universities in the field of N&N. We find that at present nanotechnology depends mainly on the scientific-push rather than the technology-pull and nanotechnology is science-based field. In contrast, a parallel development of the technology is not visible. Policy implications are at last put forward based on the several interesting findings for the interaction mechanisms between S&T in the field.     

Current Situation and Prospect of Nanometrology and its Standardization in Indonesia

As one of the emerging technologies in Indonesia, nanotechnology requires comprehensive studies of supporting infrastructures as well as the regulation that will underpin the quality of nanoproducts or nanoservices. Nanometrology is one of the most important supporting infrastructures for development of nanotechnology. This article reviews the importance of nanometrology and its standardization within the context of nanotechnology development in Indonesia. Current situation of nanotechnology development, relevant standards availability, necessity for new standards, nanometrology development and future goals have been explained. This article contributes novel insights about nanotechnology and nanometrology developments and may help the regulation body to make the policy.     

医学计量的发展与展望

本文介绍了医学计量的发展趋势，随着高新技术的发展计量技术将成为医学发展的技术基础之一，医学，物理学，信息技术的渗透和融合成为医学计量技术的特点，新的医学计量溯源和质量控制体系的建立将推动医学计量工作的发展。     

型号研制计量保证与型号计量管理

型号计量是型号研制的重要技术基础工作,是提高型号研制水平和效益的有效手段。本文从建立和完善计量管理体系、加强型号计量保证和计量基础管理、更新计量管理观念等方面,阐述了计量对型号研制和生产的监督保障作用。     

A Knowledge-Navigation System for Dimensional Metrology

Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) is a method to specify the dimensions and form of a part so that it will meet its design intent. GD&T is difficult to master for two main reasons. First, it is based on complex 3D geometric entities and relationships. Second, the geometry is associated with a large, diverse knowledge base of dimensional metrology with many interconnections. This paper describes an approach to create a dimensional metrology knowledge base that is organized around a set of key concepts and to represent those concepts as virtual objects that can be navigated with interactive, computer visualization techniques to access the associated knowledge. The approach can enable several applications. First is the application to convey the definition and meaning of GD&T over a broad range of tolerance types. Second is the application to provide a visualization of dimensional metrology knowledge within a control hierarchy of the inspection process. Third is the application to show the coverage of interoperability standards to enable industry to make decisions on standards development and harmonization efforts. A prototype system has been implemented to demonstrate the principles involved in the approach.