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"双碳"目标出台后,我国氢能产业步入快速发展阶段.预计当前至2030年是我国氢能产业发展的奠基期,这一时期氢气将经历由化工原料向交通燃料的角色转换,蓝氢、绿氢技术成熟且实现商业化.绿氢时代我国将形成绿电制氢、依托天然气管网跨区域输氢、氢储能、分布式天然气制氢及系列氢走廊建设等氢能重点工程,构成氢能发展路线.目前地方发展氢能积极性高,建议及时制定出台国家层面氢能发展规划,攻关氢能领域核心技术,进一步完善氢能产业系列标准,加大氢能发展政策支持以及组建氢发展联盟,促进氢能产业实现可持续发展. 相似文献
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新型洁净能源一氢能是新能源的研究热点。本文介绍了作为氢能应用典型方式的燃料电池的原理,研究发展和应用前景;并在此基础上概述了氢能应用关键一氢源的制取技术和研究进展,重点介绍了半导体光催化分解水制氢反应机理,技术关键和近期研究重点。 相似文献
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硼氢化钠水解制氢技术研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着石化能源的日益枯竭,氢能成为解决当前能源危机的一种新能源。制氢的方式多种多样,由于金属氢化物在储氢容量上具有其他材料无法比拟的优势,因此,金属氢化物制氢技术得到了迅速发展。硼氢化钠就是一种典型的金属氢化物,硼氢化钠水解制氢技术作为一种安全、方便的新型制氢技术,已成为当前燃料电池氢源研究中的热点之一。介绍了硼氢化钠制氢原理;综述了硼氢化钠水解制氢技术的优点、影响产氢速率的因素;对硼氢化钠制氢技术的装置进行了举例说明;指出了目前此技术所存在的问题;概述了此技术的应用与发展前景。 相似文献
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氢气不仅是一种重要的工业资源,也是“零碳社会”下重要的清洁能源,氢能技术在交通、能源、冶金和化工等领域拥有广阔的应用前景。不过,生产成本、储运技术、安全问题等也长期制约着氢能,尤其是绿氢的应用发展。应明确的是,无论高压储运、氢液化等物理储运方式,或基于“Power to X”策略的化学储氢方式,均难以避免高额的全周期能耗。在理解过程能效,考虑不同储运方式下氢能全生命周期成本的基础上,对比各类技术经济性。其中,液氢和液氨的燃料利用途径在不同时期下均具有良好的经济性,更适宜用作氢能大规模供热供电场下的储运技术。基于此,对制、储氢技术及成本期望进行了归纳,并讨论了氢(氨)能源在大规模发电领域应用的技术经济问题,借鉴不同国家地区氢能发展思路,以期对我国氢能储运技术发展提供参考。 相似文献
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制氢是建立氢能产业链的根基,新能源制绿氢规模化部署将打开氢能产业链新局面,使氢能产业从示范向商业化迈进。化石能源制氢为目前主流制氢技术,具有规模大、成本低、但二氧化碳排放高的特点。新能源电解水制氢是真正意义上零碳排放的制氢方式,但成本高是制约氢能产业发展的关键因素。基于影响电解水制氢成本的核心要素,对制氢成本进行剖析,重点就电价、系统规模、设备投资、电解效率、运行小时数和管理质量提升6个因素对绿氢成本的影响进行分析,并与煤制氢进行对比,为绿氢降本提供了可供参考的路径。 相似文献
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据美国物理学家组织网报道,美国化学家研制出一种硼-氮基液态储氢材料,它能在室温下安全工作,在空气和水中也能保持稳定,这项技术进步为科学家们攻克现今制约氢经济发展的氢存储和运输难题提供了解决方案。相关研究发表在《美国化学学会会刊》在线版上。氢被人们视作化石燃料的最佳替代物,但制氢、储氢和氢气运输一直是制约氢能发展的重要环节。俄勒 相似文献
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水制氢技术研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
氢能是一种高效、清洁的能源,其热值比石油还要高3倍.目前,大部分氢气都来自于化石燃料,如天然气、石油和煤等.这些方法不具有可再生性.以水为氢源的制氢技术因其可再生性而具有很好的应用前景.以水为氢源的制氢技术主要包括电解水制氢、光催化分解水制氢、直接热分解水制氢和热化学循环裂解水制氢技术.其中,电解水制氢技术最为成熟,其不足之处在于能耗过高;对光催化分解水制氢技术已经进行了系统研究,催化剂的性能是影响该方法的关键因素;对于直接热分解的研究相对较少;热化学循环制氢技术的优势在于反应效率高、利于放大,如何保持反应中间媒介物的高温循环稳定性则是该方法急需解决的技术难题. 相似文献
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《Fuel Processing Technology》2005,86(7):831-845
Fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) offer the potential of ultra-low emissions combined with high efficiency. Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells being developed for vehicles require hydrogen as a fuel. Due to the various pathways of hydrogen generation, both onboard and off-board, the question about which fuel option is the most competitive for fuel cell vehicles is of great current interest. In this paper, a life-cycle assessment (LCA) model was made to conduct a comprehensive study of the energy, environmental, and economic (3E) impacts of FCVs from well to wheel (WTW). In view of the special energy structure of China and the timeframe, 10 vehicle/fuel systems are chosen as the study projects. The results show that methanol is the most suitable fuel to serve as the ideal hydrogen source for fuel cell vehicles in the timeframe and geographic regions of this study. On the other hand, gasoline and pure hydrogen can also play a role in short-term and regional applications, especially for local demonstrations of FCV fleets. 相似文献
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Catalysts are essential for the generation of energy carriers like hydrocarbon fuels, hydrogen, and electrical current. The performance of catalysts can be related to their nanostructure (i.e., size and shape) and composition. To rationally design catalysts by tuning these properties, they should be measured in a meaningful way using surface-sensitive spectroscopic tools under reaction conditions. In this perspective, we provide case histories of recently published research aimed at understanding these properties using a spectroscopic strategy under reaction conditions. We limit this perspective to studies whose main focus was to understand how the nanostructure and composition impact the active phase and/or efficiency of catalysts for the generation and conversion of energy carriers. We discuss studies of a Pd/Ga2O3 catalyst for the generation of hydrogen fuel from methanol and water, a PtMo catalyst for the generation of hydrogen fuel from biomass and water, Pt/Rh catalysts for the conversion of hydrogen into electrical current, a CeO x catalyst for the conversion of hydrogen into electrical current, and Fe and Co/CoPt catalysts for the generation of hydrocarbon fuel from carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Each study emphasizes how the use of spectroscopic tools under reactive conditions is beneficial for making rational decisions for improving catalysts. The studies demonstrate how different synthesis methods dictate the nanostructure and distribution of alloy components in the catalyst, certain pretreatment conditions create the active surface phase, while reactions and post-treatments can destroy it, and the nanostructure and composition change the electronic structure and alter the selectivity and activity. 相似文献
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M. O’Connell G. KolbK.-P. Schelhaas M. WichertD. Tiemann H. PennemannR. Zapf 《Chemical Engineering Research and Design》2012,90(1):11-18
Fuel cell technology has a crucial role to play in future sustainable and distributed energy generation. With the issue of a reliable hydrogen supply in mind, fuel processing of fossil and renewable fuels is a viable option. Mobile and portable power generation systems require a compact hydrogen source when fuel cell technology is applied especially in applications focused on the small scale stationary level. Fuel processing is a feasible option to meet the limited space demands of auxiliary power units (APUs) due to the high energy density of liquid fuels. Many critical issues need to be addressed when microstructured reactors are applied. The most crucial of these are scale-up with respect to system integration, careful control of heat management and an increase in the durability of the catalyst. 相似文献
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基于质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的微型天然气热电联产系统有着广阔的市场发展前景。这种系统将千瓦级天然气制氢、燃料电池发电及余热利用有机的结合在一起,可以将天然气的一部分高品质的化学能通过氢气这个中间介质转化为电能,其余的低品位的能量用于采暖及生活热水供应,可有效提高系统的可用能利用程度,实现天然气这种清洁能源的"温度对口、梯级利用"。介绍了微型燃料电池热电联产系统的技术路线,并对国内外微型制氢技术的研发及热电联产系统的产业化状况进行了介绍和分析。 相似文献
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氢能是人类生存和发展所需能源的重要补充。氢能产业,特别是氢燃料电池车,其开发与利用已经引起了全球范围内的普遍重视。然而,决定该产业快速发展的关键因素之一是清洁的氢气来源,如何使氢能产业更具经济环保竞争力。通过可再生能源发电电解水制氢将能量以化学能的形式储存起来,不仅能利用可再生能源制取高热值的氢气供使用,同时从制氢源头利用清洁的可再生能源可有效减少碳排放。为此,本文主要分析讨论了可再生能源发电与电解水制氢技术的耦合制取氢气的发展现状与发展趋势,简述了目前国内外利用可再生能源发电制取氢气项目的研究进展,并介绍了一些典型的清洁制氢案例。可以看到,风电、太阳能制氢是目前较为成熟的技术,但仍需提升其经济竞争力。而水电资源分布不均等缺点阻碍了其规模化发展。因此,政府、企业及科研院所需大力推进可再生能源发电制氢研究,有效解决氢能制备的效率问题,加速绿色氢能产业发展。 相似文献
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A novel plasma-matrix reformer (PMR) was suggested for methane conversion into hydrogen-rich fuel. To demonstrate the possibility of reforming performance, characteristics of product gas and CH4 conversion were identified according to O2/C ratio, water vapor supply, reformed gas recirculation, and water feed in the recirculation gas affecting energy conversion and hydrogen production. When the reformed gas recirculation and water feed to the recirculation pipe were performed at the same time, hydrogen production and energy conversion efficiency were superior compared to the conventional reforming method. The optimal operating conditions of the PMR were determined. The obtained high energy conversion efficiency and hydrogen selectivity indicated the applicability to solid oxide fuel cell stacks for residential power generation. 相似文献
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将可再生能源发电制氢集成于炼厂氢气系统中,不仅可替代部分氢气公用工程以满足炼厂的氢气需求,同时也可为炼厂中旋转设备提供电能,但可再生能源发电制氢的波动性将影响氢气网络的稳定运行。为了探究风力发电制氢与氢气网络集成中两个子系统平抑风能波动的特性,本文构建了集成风力发电制氢的氢气网络数学优化分析模型,研究了氢气网络平抑风力发电制氢波动的经济性和系统结构特性。研究表明,为了适应可再生能源发电制氢的波动,氢气网络需要更加复杂的网络结构,且风力发电制氢输出的电力和氢气经储能电池和氢气储罐的缓冲调节后仍存在较大波动,氢气网络仍需通过调节公用工程和燃气系统来实现氢气网络的稳定运行。 相似文献