二乙烯基苯改性煤沥青的中间相转化行为研究

进行了二乙烯基苯(DVB)改性煤沥青的中间相转化行为研究．采用偏光显微镜研究DVB改性煤沥青的光学结构；采用FT-IR和元素分析研究改性煤沥青的热解过程．研究表明，改性煤沥青的光学组织结构显著改善，随交联剂DVB用量的不同，可得到超镶嵌(SM)、广域(D)和小域(SD)三种光学结构；随热解温度的升高，改性沥青中的甲基和亚甲基特征峰的吸收强度逐渐减弱，C／H原子比增加，芳构化程度提高．     

对甲基苯甲醛改性煤沥青的研究

以对甲基苯甲醛 ( 4 - methyl benzaldehyde,简称 4- MB)为改性剂 ,在对甲苯磺酸( PTS)的作用下对煤沥青进行了改性研究 .采用傅立叶红外光谱 ( FT- IR)和核磁共振氢谱 ( 1H-NMR)对煤沥青改性机理进行分析 ;采用扫描电镜 ( SEM)观察改性后煤沥青的形貌 ;采用光学显微镜观察改性沥青热解产物的光学结构 .结果表明 ,对甲基苯甲醛在酸性催化剂的催化作用下与煤沥青发生亲电取代反应 ,改性后煤沥青出现纤维结构 ,改性沥青热解产物的光学组织结构为较好的广域 ( D)结构 .因此 ,改性后的煤沥青有望作为优质的炭材料基体前驱体 .     

呋喃树脂改性煤沥青的机理及热行为研究

以呋喃树脂为改性剂对煤沥青进行了改性，采用傅立叶红外光谱（FT-IR）和扫描电镜（SEM）对呋喃树脂改性煤沥青的机理进行了分析；采用热重和示差扫描量热技术（TG-DSC）对改性前后煤沥青的热解行为进行了分析．实验结果表明，呋喃树脂在煤沥青中起增塑作用，其增塑过程通过四步完成，呋喃树脂与煤沥青发生增塑作用时需要吸收热量；呋喃树脂改性煤沥青的耐热性提高，呋喃树脂对煤沥青的残炭率影响不大．     

煤沥青和石油沥青共混改性的研究进展

煤焦油沥青（简称煤沥青）具有良好的路用性能，可以替代部分石油沥青，降低对外来沥青的依赖，提高煤沥青的资源化利用，但是煤沥青中存在大量毒性多环芳烃（PAHs），限制了它的广泛应用。本文介绍了煤沥青和石油沥青二者共混的改性方法，并对其进行了系统总结，通过对比现有改性沥青的研究，发现当前的改性手段主要以化学方法为主，改性效果最佳，得出改性过程的主要局限在于如何抑制煤沥青中PAHs的毒性，减少对环境的危害；同时分析并阐释了共混改性沥青可能的物理和化学改性过程及作用机理，对下一步的研究方向和发展进行了展望，提出从物理增容剂的开发和化学催化剂的筛选来做进一步的研究，希望为国内外的沥青改性提供一定的借鉴参考。     

低温交联法制备炭材料用改性沥青

以二乙烯基苯（DVB）为交联剂，在对甲苯磺酸（PTS）的作用下对中温煤沥青进行改性，制备出性能优良的炭材料用改性沥青，并对改性沥青的性能进行表征。结果表明，未固化沥青的软化点为112℃，残炭率达68.0%，而固化后沥青的残炭率高达74.2%；改性后的沥青中出现很多中间相小球体；与未改性的煤沥青相比，该沥青炭化产物的孔隙尺寸明显变小。     

二乙烯基苯改性煤沥青的热解行为研究

研究了二乙烯基苯(DVB)改性中温煤沥青的常压热解行为.采用SEM,TG-DTG和Raman等技术对改性煤沥青的形貌、热解过程及产物的结构进行表征.研究表明,DVB改性煤沥青中出现粒状物聚集体,改性前后煤沥青的热解行为发生了很大的变化;通过常压热解DVB改性煤沥青,可制备出粒径小于5μm且有序度较低的炭微球.     

炭材料用改性煤沥青的结构及性能研究

进行了对甲基苯甲醛(4-MB)改性煤沥青(CTP)的中间相微观结构研究.采用偏光显微镜研究4-MB改性煤沥青的光学结构;采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察改性后煤沥青的形貌.研究结果表明,改性煤沥青的光学组织结构显著改善,随交联剂4-MB用量的不同,可得到超镶嵌(SM)、广域(D)和小域(SD)三种光学结构;改性后煤沥青出现纤维结构,煤沥青的残碳率显著提高.因此,改性后的煤沥青有望作为优质的炭材料基体前驱体.     

改性煤沥青炭化产物结构和性能

利用化学活性物质对煤沥青进行改性处理，研究了改性煤沥青炭化产物的结构和性能。研究结果表明，改性煤沥青炭化产物的显微结构根据化学活性物质的添加量的不同可是流动状、细镶嵌状和光学各向异性结构；适量的添加化学活性物质，可得到微晶发育良好，抗氧化性优良的沥青炭化产物。     

高性能炭材料生产用煤沥青的研究

研究了软化点在评价煤沥青聚合程度中的作用；描述了热聚合改质过程中煤沥青热解缩聚行为，分析了中温煤沥青热聚合改质过程中各种沥青组分随热聚合温度和热聚合时间的转变规律，探讨了QI组分影响煤沥青热聚合改质的机理，认为原料煤沥青所含原生QI炭微粒促进了热聚合改质过程中煤沥青芳烃分子的聚合；描述了煤沥青的流变性能及其在炭材料实际生产中的意义，研究了中温沥青和改质沥青高温流变性能的差异，探讨了硬脂酸和油酸对煤沥青的改性作用；分析了煤沥青的热解缩聚特征，研究了升温速率对煤沥青热解缩聚的影响。     

氯代芳烃改性煤沥青及其针状焦制备研究

以中温煤沥青为原料,三种氯代芳烃为改性剂,对甲基苯磺酸为催化剂,对煤沥青进行了改性研究.改性煤沥青通过FT-IR和TG进行分析,中间相结构采用光学偏光显微镜进行了观察,针状焦采用XRD分析.结果表明,不同氯代芳烃化合物对改性煤沥青炭化产率有着不同的影响,其光学组织结构中的纤维成分均得到提高:其中,经3-氯硝基苯改性后的炭化产率增加了42.5%,其光学组织呈典型的长程纤维结构;而XRD分析亦表明,002峰位往高角度方向迁移,峰形更加尖锐突出,Lc明显增大都表明石墨化进行较充分.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。