PBTCA/BTCA复合体系对棉织物抗皱整理工艺的研究

摘要:采用2-磷基丁烷-1,2,4-三羧酸(PBTCA)与丁烷四羧酸(BTCA)复配体系对棉织物进行抗皱整理,探讨了PBTCA用量、BTCA用量、催化剂用量、焙烘温度、焙烘时间对抗皱整理效果的影响,并优化确定了PBTCA与BTCA复配体系用于棉织物防皱整理的工艺条件:PBTCA 120 g/L,BTCA 20 g/L,次亚磷酸钠50 g/L,三乙醇胺20g/L,180℃培烘120s.在此工艺条件下整理的棉织物,其折皱回复角可达260°,纬向断裂强力为231 N,白度为77.92.     

海藻酸衍生物对棉织物抗皱整理工艺研究

将海藻酸丙二醇酯(PGA)与丁烷四羧酸(BTCA)混合用于棉织物的抗皱整理/改变PGA用量、BTCA用量、焙烘温度及焙烘时间,通过测试整理后织物的折皱回复角、白度以及断裂强力等性能,确定了最佳工艺:PGA 15g/L,BTCA 40 g/L,190℃焙烘150 s.整理后棉织物的折皱回复角、强力保留率及白度均较好,说明PGA与BTCA混合对棉织物进行抗皱整理是可行的.     

三乙醇胺在BTCA抗皱整理中的应用

通过正交试验设计和多元线性回归分析，确定了三乙醇胺在BTCA抗皱整理中的用量，同时探讨了三乙醇胺对解决棉织物弹性与强力之间矛盾的作用。     

棉织物的轧-蒸潮态抗皱整理

 为减少棉织物传统焙烘抗皱整理中对织物断裂强力和白度造成的损伤,本文对棉织物的轧-蒸潮态抗皱整理方法进行了探索。主要讨论了棉织物潮态抗皱整理过程中的几个因素如聚马来酸浓度、催化剂用量、汽蒸温度和时间等因素变化对折皱回复角、织物断裂强力及白度的影响。实验结果表明,棉织物进行抗皱整理时采用潮态整理工艺同普通焙烘工艺相比,前者不仅能取得同焙烘工艺相当的抗皱性能,而且织物的其他性能指标如断裂强力等也明显优于焙烘工艺。     

硅溶胶原位生长在棉织物抗皱整理中的应用

溶胶-凝胶技术具有整理流程短、工艺过程清洁等优点,能在纺织品上形成复杂的三维网状结构,赋予织物特定的功能。利用溶胶-凝胶技术,结合马来酸-衣康酸(MA-IA)对液氨棉织物进行抗皱整理,比较了硅溶胶经不同方式处理织物的整体效果,研究了最佳硅溶胶处理方式对液氨棉织物物理机械性能的影响。结果表明:溶胶-凝胶的最佳处理方式为低温原位生长法,配方为:硅酸钠2%,n(硫酸铵)︰n(硅酸钠)=1︰8,DL-泛酰内酯3%。将硅溶胶处理前后的织物进行MA-IA抗皱整理,发现硅溶胶处理对织物WRA和白度的影响不大,但显著提高了断裂强力保留率,而撕破强力略有下降;采用硅溶胶低温原位生长法处理液氨棉织物后再用MA-IA整理液整理,能得到DP等级3.0,断裂强力保留率70%的抗皱棉织物。     

离子交联法对棉织物的抗皱整理

采用CAA/CHTAC、CAA/CG及CHTAC/BTCA等离子交联法对棉织物进行抗皱整理.整理后棉织物的抗皱性明显提高,强度损伤降低,无甲醛释放,但白度降低.研究发现,以CHTAC/BTCA离子交联整理的效果最好.     

中心旋转法优化离子交联提高棉织物抗皱性的工艺

棉织物阳离子化后与BTCA进行离子交联,能提高棉织物的抗皱性.采用中心旋转法优化了BTCA用量、培烘温度、焙烘时间的工艺参数.确定了离子交联整理工艺:BTCA用量90～110 g/L,145～155℃焙烘120～150 s.整理织物的千,湿折皱回复角可达220°/240°,断裂强力保留率>75%,白度>80%.     

纳米SiO_2催化六元羧酸对棉织物的抗皱整理研究

以六元羧酸DEMB(2,4-二甲基-戊烷-1,2,3,3,4,5-六羧酸)为原料,在纳米SiO2催化下,对纯棉织物进行抗皱整理.用正交试验分析得出了较佳处理条件:DEMB6%;纳米SiO20.2%,140℃焙烘120s.在纳米SiO2催化下,经DEMB处理后棉织物的缓弹折皱回复角可达247°,白度由处理前的91.48降至87.36,强力保留率为90.6%.在相同试验条件下,比较DEMB、四元羧酸DEMA(戊烷-1,3,3,5-四羧酸)、BTCA(丁烷四羧酸)和CA(柠檬酸)的抗皱整理效果,结果表明:经DEMB处理过的棉织物强力和白度较BTCA、DEMA、CA都高,表明DEMB可用作棉织物的抗皱整理剂.     

棉织物等离子体/柠檬酸的抗皱整理初探

采用低温等离子体/柠檬酸处理方法,对棉织物进行抗皱整理.研究了等离子体处理在棉织物抗皱整理中的加工顺序对棉织物性能的影响.以整理后织物的拉伸断裂强力、强力保留率、折皱回复角和白度等指标进行测试比较,说明该方法能在一定程度上提高整理织物的拉伸断裂强力和强力保留率,得出低温等离子体/柠檬酸整理织物的最佳工序为:浸轧整理液→烘干→焙烘→等离子体处理→水洗→晾干→烘干.     

无甲醛免烫整理剂DM-3540抗皱整理工艺

研究了无甲醛免烫整理剂DM-3540在棉织物抗皱整理时,DM-3540的用量、催化剂Na3PO4的用量、pH值、焙烘温度和时间对棉织物折皱回复角、白度、断裂强力和撕破强力保留率的影响.指出无甲醛免烫整理剂DM-3540对棉织物的最佳抗皱整理工艺为:DM-3540用量160 g/L、催化剂Na3PO4用量8g/L、pH值5.0～6.0,二浸二轧(轧余率85％),85℃预烘2 min后,180 ℃焙烘2.5 min;在DM-3540抗皱整理配方中加入20 g/L柔软剂VS可改善织物的手感,不同程度提高织物的折皱回复角、撕破强力保留率和断裂强力保留率,且不影响棉织物的白度.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the