考虑电网络影响的水火电力系统短期优化调度

为提高发电计划实际执行的可行性,提出考虑电网络影响的水火电力系统短期优化调度方案,即在传统水火电优化调度中引入输电网络潮流约束,构建水火电力系统短期优化调度数学模型。该模型以火电站的总煤耗量最小为优化目标,考虑水火电的发电特性、梯级水电复杂关系、系统运行约束、输电网络约束及传输功率限制。同时为模型求解引入迁徙操作和惯性权重非线性递减策略的改进粒子群算法,并设计了五种约束处理规则以应对复杂的约束条件。最后以典型水火电系统和IEEE-9节点的电网络拓扑为例对所构建的模型和算法进行验证。结果表明,所构建的优化模型和设计的求解方法能满足复杂运行约束的短期调度方案。     

基于改进粒子群的水火电力系统发电调度

在标准粒子群优化算法中引入最差粒子和自适应惯性权重,使粒子随进化进度自适应调整飞行方向和速度,向其自身和种群最优位置收敛的同时背离二者的最差位置,且避免了算法过早收敛和限于局部最优.将改进后的粒子群优化算法用于求解水火电力系统发电调度问题,仿真结果表明该算法可行有效.     

基于动态调整学习因子的免疫粒子群算法及其应用

为了使风光水联合发电系统达到经济效益最大化优化调度的目的,针对粒子群算法在进化过程中易早熟、后期收敛速度慢并且精度较低的特点,提出一种动态调整学习因子的免疫粒子群算法.该算法对学习因子进行非对称线性动态调整,增强前期的全局搜索能力,以及后期的局部搜索能力,快速得到全局最优解.该算法在文中联合系统的求解中得到很好的应用,显著提高了搜索精度,表明了模型和算法的有效性.     

风-光-水联合发电系统优化调度研究

为使风-光-水联合发电系统达到经济效益最大化优化调度且平抑功率波动的目的,以功率波动最小为目标的函数引入到经济效益最大化模型中,针对粒子群算法在进化过程中易早熟、后期收敛速度慢且精度较低的特点,提出一种动态调整学习因子的免疫粒子群算法。该算法对学习因子进行非对称线性动态调整,增强前期的全局搜索能力以及后期的局部搜索能力,快速得到全局最优解。该算法在该多目标联合优化调度系统的求解中搜索精度显著提高,表明模型和算法的有效性。     

基于改进粒子群算法的风光水互补发电系统短期调峰优化调度

风光水互补发电系统优化调度需要考虑风光电源的间歇性及波动性,同时还要处理梯级水库复杂的水力联系及不同电源之间的电力联系,因而建立风光水互补发电系统短期调峰优化调度模型,并采用粒子群算法进行求解,针对粒子群算法的早熟及后期收敛速度慢等问题,从惯性因子和种群拓扑结构两方面对粒子群算法进行改进,并对福建省电力调控中心管辖的12座常规水电站、木兰溪1座抽水蓄能电站、31座风电场、5座光伏电站组成的风光水多种电源互补系统进行数值分析。结果表明,所建模型能较好地实现对电网负荷的削峰填谷,所提算法显著提高了求解效率和求解质量,是一种解决风光水互补发电系统短期联合优化调峰调度实用性很强的有效算法。     

基于区间建模的新能源电网无功优化策略

  目的  新能源发电具有间歇性和随机性,其功率为不确定性数据,会造成电网电压和频率的变化,对电力系统安全运行构成威胁。为保证大规模新能源并网后电网电压的安全,考虑新能源发电波动不确定性,提出一种基于区间建模的新能源电网无功优化策略。  方法  该策略采用区间数描述无功优化模型中的不确定参数,进而建立区间无功优化模型,采用基于优化场景的区间潮流算法求解区间潮流方程,获取状态变量区间,确定控制变量的可行性,在此基础上采用改进的粒子群优化算法求解区间无功优化模型,在粒子群算法中加入局部搜索环节和离散变量交叉处理操作以提高算法寻优能力。为了验证所提方法的有效性和优越性,分别采用IEEE 14节点和IEEE 30节点算例进行仿真计算,与自适应遗传算法和普通粒子群算法进行对比分析。  结果  仿真结果表明:与自适应遗传算法和普通粒子群算法相比,采用改进粒子群的区间无功优化策略具有更快的收敛速度,更强的寻优能力,并且可有效处理模型中离散变量。  结论  所提策略可有效解决区间无功优化问题,能保障大规模新能源并网后电网电压的运行安全。     

含风光电站的电力系统动态经济调度

随着电力系统中风电和光伏发电的接入比例不断增长,其输出功率的随机性给系统经济调度带来了不确定因素。通过将满足一定置信概率的风电、光伏发电的功率区间预测信息纳入发电计划中,同时引入了可中断负荷作为旋转备用,建立了基于功率区问预测的考虑机组组合的系统动态经济调度模型。求解模型时利用改进离散粒子群算法（discreteparticleswarlnoptimization,DPSO）来解决机组启停问题,采用连续粒子群算法来实现负荷的经济分配,并采用启发式调整规则,提高算法的效率和搜索性能。最后通过10机系统仿真算例验证了模型和算法的有效性。     

风光互补发电系统混合储能单元的容量优化设计

由于粒子群优化算法在优化计算中存在早熟收敛,易陷入局部最优且搜索精度不高等缺点,在现有粒子群优化算法的基础上融合模拟退火算法对其进行改进,得到改进后的模拟退火粒子群优化算法,并将其应用到风光互补发电系统混合储能单元容量的优化配置中。优化结果表明,在满足负荷用电的前提下,该算法可有效降低储能单元的投资成本和运行费用,从而证明了算法的正确性。     

基于改进的PSO算法的电力系统无功优化研究

电力系统无功优化是保证电力系统安全、经济运行的重要措施,粒子群优化算法（PSO）具有模型简单、收敛速度快、参数简洁等优点,但用于求解高维复杂优化问题时易陷入局部最优,针对此缺陷,在PSO算法的基础上提出了自适应随机变异粒子群优化算法（AMPSO）,将该算法用于求解电力系统无功优化问题,并以IEEE30标准节点系统为算例进行验证。结果表明,与PSO算法相比,AMPSO算法有效降低了系统网损,显现出良好的全局收敛特性。     

基于相似日和主成分分析的光伏发电系统短期出力预测

针对光伏发电功率的间歇性和波动性,提出了一种基于主成分分析(PCA)和粒子群优化(PSO)算法的BP神经网络短期发电功率预测方法。该方法先对原始输入数据进行主成分分析,再将分析结果作为BP神经网络的输入数据。由于粒子群算法搜索速度较慢,但全局搜索能力较强,而传统的BP神经网络搜索速度较快,但易陷入局部极值点,因此将两者结合起来,既弥补了各自的劣势,又避免了预测模型的失效,从而提高了预测模型的预测精度。分析结果表明,当天气类型改变时,该预测模型的有效性不变,预测误差均小于20%。     

Solution to economic dispatch problem with valve-point loading effect by using catfish PSO algorithm

This paper proposes application of a catfish particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to economic dispatch (ED) problems. The ED problems considered in this paper include valve-point loading effect, power balance constraints, and generator limits. The conventional PSO and catfish PSO algorithms are applied to three different test systems and the solutions obtained are compared with each other and with those reported in literature. The comparison of solutions shows that catfish PSO outperforms the conventional PSO and other methods in terms of solution quality though there is a slight increase in computational time.     

Multi-objective optimization of solid oxide fuel cell/gas turbine combined heat and power system: A comparison between particle swarm and genetic algorithms

Many studies have attempted to optimize integrated Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Gas Turbine (SOFC-GT), although different and somehow conflicting results are reported employing various algorithms. In this study, Multi-Objective Optimization (MOO) is employed to approach the optimal design of SOFC-GT considering all prevailing factors. The emphasis is placed on the evaluation of the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) performance as two effective approaches for solving the multi-objective and non-linear optimization problems. Multi- objective optimization is carried out on two vital objectives; the electrical efficiency and the overall output power of the system. The considerable achievements are the set of optimal points that aim to identify the system optimal performance which provides a practical basis for the decision-makers to choose the appropriate target functions. For the studied conditions, the two algorithms nearly exhibit similar performance, while the PSO is faster and more efficient in terms of computational effort. The PSO appears to achieve its ultimate parameter values in fewer generations compared to the GA algorithm under the examined circumstances. It is found that the maximum power of 410 kW is accomplished employing the GA optimization method with an efficiency of 64%, while PSO method yields the maximum power of 419.19 kW at the efficiency of 58.9%. The results stress that PSO offers more satisfactory convergence and fidelity of the solution for the SOFC-GT MOO problems.     

Particle Swarm Optimization-based algorithms for solving inverse heat conduction problems of estimating surface heat flux

An inverse analysis of estimating a time-dependent surface heat flux for a three-dimensional heat conduction problem is presented. A global optimization method known as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is employed to estimate the unknown heat flux at the inner surface of a crystal tube from the knowledge of temperature measurements obtained at the external surface. Three modifications of the PSO-based algorithm, PSO with constriction factor, PSO with time-varying acceleration of the cognitive and social coefficients, and PSO with mutation are carried out to implement the optimization process of the inverse analysis. The results show that the PSO with mutation algorithm is significantly better than other PSO-based algorithms because it can overcome the drawback of trapping in the local optimum points and obtain better inverse solutions. The effects of measurement errors, number of dimensionalities, and number of generations on the inverse solutions are also investigated.     

基于粒子群神经网络的热力站供热负荷预测

结合河北省秦皇岛市碧水园热力站的供热实际情况,提出了利用BP神经网络进行热力站供热负荷的预测。为克服标准BP算法收敛速度慢和易于陷入局部最小的问题,提出利用进化算法——粒子群算法进行神经网络初始状态的优化。在此基础上,进一步提出了混合粒子群算法和速度变异粒子群算法两种改进算法提高优化性能。计算结果表明,采用粒子群算法和BP算法相结合的办法,可以明显提高热负荷的预测精度。     

Comparative study of artificial intelligence techniques for sizing of a hydrogen-based stand-alone photovoltaic/wind hybrid system

As non-polluting reliable energy sources, stand-alone photovoltaic/wind/fuel cell (PV/wind/FC) hybrid systems are being studied from various aspects in recent years. In such systems, optimum sizing is the main issue for having a cost-effective system. This paper evaluates the performance of different artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for optimum sizing of a PV/wind/FC hybrid system to continuously satisfy the load demand with the minimal total annual cost. For this aim, the sizing problem is formulated and four well-known heuristic algorithms, namely, particle swarm optimization (PSO), tabu search (TS), simulated annealing (SA), and harmony search (HS), are applied to the system and the results are compared in terms of the total annual cost. It can be seen that not only average results produced by PSO are more promising than those of the other algorithms but also PSO has the most robustness. As another investigation, the sizing is also performed for a PV/wind/battery hybrid system and the results are compared with those of the PV/wind/FC system.     

Numerical simulation and optimization of steam-assisted gravity drainage with temperature,rate, and well distance control using an efficient hybrid optimization technique

Steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) is a thermal enhanced oil recovery technique through drilling of two horizontal wells. Effects of steam injection temperature, well rates, and their distance on oil recovery were analyzed and optimized. Steam temperature and well distances remarkably affect SAGD performance. Four metaheuristic algorithms (particle swarm optimization (PSO), imperialist competitive algorithm, cultural algorithm, and Bees algorithm) and pattern search optimization algorithm (PSA) are used for optimization. PSO performs better than other metaheuristics and PSA is the fastest one, while it is probable to be trapped in local optimums. Hybrid PSO-PS is proposed that starts with PSO and proceeds with PSA, and tested in an SAGD project and showed excellence over other techniques.     

Optimization of plate-fin heat exchangers by an improved harmony search algorithm

This study explores the use of a proposed variant of harmony search algorithm for design optimization of plate-fin heat exchangers. The algorithm deals with a large number of continuous and discrete variables. To handle the constraints in the optimization problem, a self-adaptive penalty function scheme is used. The efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method are demonstrated through an illustrative example taken from previous studies. Numerical results indicate that the presented approach can generate optimum solutions with higher accuracy when compared to Genetic algorithms (GAs), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and GA hybrids with PSO (GAHPSO).     

电力系统网络节点编号优化算法的比较研究

从新增注入元的数量、因子道路树平均路径长度以及各点集快速前代乘加次数之和三个方面,比较研究了几种不同的节点编号算法。提出了粒子群优化智能算法,通过为不同的适应值设置相应的价值函数,分别用来衡量各种启发式算法的有效性。同时,针对启发式算法没有使确定的稀疏矢量非零元的道路树平均路径长度最短这一不足之处,给出了解决这一局限性的粒子群优化算法。研究结果为解决针对电力系统不同问题,提供了合理选取节点编号算法的依据。     

A new fuzzy adaptive particle swarm optimization for non-smooth economic dispatch

This paper proposes a novel method for solving the Non-convex Economic Dispatch (NED) problems, by the Fuzzy Adaptive Modified Particle Swarm Optimization (FAMPSO). Practical ED problems have non-smooth cost functions with equality and inequality constraints when generator valve-point loading effects are taken into account. Modern heuristic optimization techniques have been given much attention by many researchers due to their ability to find an almost global optimal solution for ED problems. PSO is one of modern heuristic algorithms, in which particles change place to get close to the best position and find the global minimum point. However, the classic PSO may converge to a local optimum solution and the performance of the PSO highly depends on the internal parameters. To overcome these drawbacks, in this paper, a new mutation is proposed to improve the global searching capability and prevent the convergence to local minima. Also, a fuzzy system is used to tune its parameters such as inertia weight and learning factors.     

Output voltage control of double chambers microbial fuel cell using intelligence-based optimized adaptive neuro fuzzy inference controller

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) has become a very important biotechnological tool to produce clean energy in recent years. It is very important to adjust the output voltage and power density in order to obtain the desired energy quickly and smoothly at the output of the MFC. In this study, an optimization-based neuro-fuzzy inference controller is proposed for improving voltage tracking performance of the MFC. A double-chambers MFC model including biochemical reactions, Butler-Volmer expressions and mass/charge balances was studied and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Improved Grey Wolf Optimization (IGWO) algorithms are used to adjust the parameters of the neuro-fuzzy controller. The results show that PSO and IGWO based controllers have efficient performances to follow the reference voltage pattern quickly and robustly against external load changes, distributions and parameter uncertainties. Moreover, it was observed that IGWO was a more stable and robust controller than PSO according to rise time, overshoot and peak time.