热浸渍处理对赤霞珠干红葡萄酒香气的影响

研究了不同热浸渍处理对葡萄酒香气的影响,采用溶剂萃取法提取了经3个不同工艺酿造的赤霞珠干红葡萄酒的香气成分,并进行了气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)联机分析。结果表明:发酵前对葡萄原料进行热浸渍处理,可以显著提高葡萄酒中1-戊醇含量;3-羟基丁酸乙酯、癸酸乙酯和丁二酸二乙酯极有可能是构成60℃浸渍24h处理所得赤霞珠干红葡萄酒的特殊香味化合物。     

低温带皮浸渍发酵对薏斯琳干白葡萄酒品质的影响

采用低温带皮浸渍、澄清汁发酵的工艺酿造薏斯琳干白葡萄酒.以传统酿造工艺为对照,研究了发酵前对葡萄原料适度破碎,添加适量的果胶酶和SO2,在6℃下带皮浸渍、采用澄清汁发酵的酿造工艺(简称新工艺)对山东胶东地区的薏斯琳干白葡萄酒品质的影响.结果表明,冷浸渍48h、清汁发酵温度18℃处理条件下获得的葡萄酒香气成分更为复杂,通过分析,得知采用新工艺对品质较好的薏斯琳原料酿造的干白葡萄酒,质量优于传统酿造工艺.     

不同发酵温度和浸渍时间对红葡萄酒理化指标的影响

本文研究了葡萄酒发酵过程中不同发酵温度和浸渍时间对葡萄酒理化指标的影响。温度控制在24～26℃,26～28℃,28～30℃;浸渍时间控制在5d,7d和10d。结果表明,当发酵温度在24～26℃时有利于葡萄酒酒精的转化和色素的浸出;在浸渍时间为7d时有利于对葡萄酒的色素和酚类物质的浸提。因此,发酵温度24～26℃为葡萄酒发酵最适温度;浸渍时间7d为葡萄酒最适浸渍时间。     

优良酵母菌连续混合发酵赤霞珠葡萄酒的研究

通过对新疆赤霞珠葡萄自然发酵过程中分离鉴定的7株酵母菌的SO2、酒精、高糖、酸性及温度耐受性能进行发酵研究,获得了葡萄酒最适发酵菌株Y6和Y19,以工业菌株D-254为参照进行连续混合发酵试验,确定其最佳生产工艺为前期添加菌株Y6,发酵温度20℃,发酵时间54h;后期添加菌株Y19,发酵温度25℃,发酵时间120h,酵母总添加量为0.08%,添加比例Y6/Y19为1∶3。     

发酵前不同冷浸渍时间对‘黑比诺’桃红起泡葡萄酒风味特征的影响

为评价发酵前冷浸渍工艺对桃红起泡葡萄酒品质的影响,以‘黑比诺’葡萄为试材,采用放汁法结合传统瓶内二次发酵技术酿造起泡葡萄酒,探究不同浸渍时间对酒样的起泡特性、理化指标、色泽参数以及风味特征的影响。结果表明:浸渍时间对压力影响不显著,但对泡沫最大高度和稳定时间有显著影响,浸渍24 h,酒样的起泡特性最好;随浸渍时间的延长,酒样的酒精度、色度、pH值与总酚含量显著升高,L~*、a~*和b~*值也呈明显上升趋势,6、12 h与24、36 h酒样的颜色分别以橙色调和红色调为主;浸渍时间对各类化合物含量的影响不同,进而决定酒样的呈香特征及香气品质,12与36 h处理酒样中的酯类、醇类和脂肪酸类化合物含量较高,24 h处理酒样中萜烯及C₁₃-绛异戊二烯类化合物含量较高,上述物质共同构成了桃红起泡葡萄酒的果香、花香和植物味,感官分析也验证了该结果。综合分析表明,发酵前6℃浸渍24 h后放汁更适合‘黑比诺’桃红起泡葡萄酒酿造。     

不同浸渍工艺对蛇龙珠干红葡萄酒香气成分的影响

以河西走廊产区蛇龙珠葡萄为原料,采用顶空固相微萃取（headspace solid-phase microextraction,HS-SPME）结合气相色谱-质谱联用仪（gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS）分析检测自然浸渍、冷浸渍、EX酶浸渍、卡乐酶浸渍、CO₂浸渍、热浸渍40℃、热浸渍60℃七种浸渍工艺对葡萄酒理化指标及香气物质的影响。结果显示:自然浸渍干浸出物含量最高,CO₂浸渍总酸含量显著低于其他工艺,热浸渍60℃总酚、单宁、色度值最高,色调在各组间差异显著（p<0.05）。酒精发酵结束后共检出78种香气成分,对于酯类物质,热浸渍60℃含量最高,其次是热浸渍40℃、卡乐酶浸渍、CO₂浸渍,自然浸渍含量最少。与自然浸渍相比,其他各工艺醇类物质含量都有所提升。热浸渍60℃与CO₂浸渍萜烯类物质较高,CO₂浸渍后脂肪酸含量最低。热浸渍60℃果香和玫瑰花香最强,卡乐酶浸渍脂肪味最浓郁。综上,不同浸渍工艺所酿葡萄酒香气差异较大,且热浸渍60℃更加适宜于河西走廊蛇龙珠葡萄酒的酿造。      

枣酒发酵工艺的研究

以甘肃省特产临泽小枣为原料 ,研究枣酒发酵生产工艺。研究结果表明红枣最适烘烤条件为烘烤温度 12 0℃ ,烘烤时间 15min。采用在含还原糖 10 %的红枣清汁接种发酵 6 0～ 72h后补加白砂糖的发酵工艺。发酵条件为H2 SO3 添加量 10 0mg/L ,干酵母添加量 0 .2 %～ 0 .3% ,发酵温度 2 6～ 2 8℃ ,发酵时间为 6～ 7d。发酵原酒经冷热处理、澄清过滤和后修饰得到酒精含量 >11.5 0 % (v/v)的红枣酒     

寒地酒庄酒关键发酵工艺对葡萄酒理化指标的影响

本文研究了寒地酒庄葡萄酒发酵过程中的关键工艺(不同发酵温度和浸渍时间)对葡萄酒理化指标的影响,同时对寒地特色葡萄品种左优红、贝达和蜜汁的酿酒特性进行了探讨。结果表明:当发酵温度在24~27℃时,有利于葡萄酒酸度的降低和酚类物质的形成,浸渍时间为7 d有利于对葡萄酒的色素和酚类物质的浸提。因此,寒地酒庄酒发酵的最适温度为24~27℃,最适浸渍时间为7 d。在相同的工艺条件下,左优红葡萄的酿酒特性在所选3个品种中具有最佳的表现。     

北冰红山葡萄酒CO2浸渍发酵工艺研究

以北冰红山葡萄为原料酿制山葡萄酒,通过试验确定CO2浸渍时间为10 d,浸渍温度为31 ℃时浸渍效果最佳。在单因素试验的基础上,利用响应面法对北冰红山葡萄酒的发酵工艺条件进行优化。结果表明,最优发酵工艺条件为酵母添加量160 mg/L,发酵温度21 ℃,发酵时间23 d,在此条件下制得北冰红山葡萄酒的平均酒精度为10.40%vol。     

冷浸渍结合皮汁分离发酵工艺对赤霞珠干红葡萄酒香气的影响

采用溶剂革取法提取葡萄酒中的香气成分,应用气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)进行半定量分析,研究了冷浸渍结合皮汁分离发酵对赤霞珠干红葡萄酒香气的影响.结果表明:与传统发酵工艺相比,发酵前对葡萄原料进行低温浸渍、酒精发酵过程采用皮汁分离可以提高葡萄酒中苯乙醇含量,并且所得的赤霞珠干红葡萄酒含有较多的香气组分.     

Statistical optimization of ethanol fermentation parameters for processing local grape cultivars to wines

Grape juice from two local grape cultivars viz. Punjab MACS purple and H‐144 was subjected to prefermentation skin treatment. Ethanol fermentation w.r.t agitation rate, temperature, inoculum size, and nutrient supplementation were optimized using Triple M medium following response surface methodology (RSM). RSM results were numerically optimized keeping temperature “in range” for red wine and “low” for white wine which showed agitation rate of 80 ± 1 rpm for 24 hr, diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate supplementation @ 150 mg/100 ml, inoculum size of 6.1 and 6.5% (vol/vol), and fermentation temperature of 24.6 and 21 °C as optimum for ethanol fermentation of red and white wines, respectively. Optimized results were validated on grape juice of Punjab MACS purple and H‐144 cultivars that lead to 12.0 and 11.2 (%vol/vol) ethanol production, respectively. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of 41 volatile compounds in the form of phenols, alcohols, terpenes, esters, ketones, and amines that add to the nutraceutical and antioxidant value of the wines.

Practical applications

Present study provides the statistical optimized fermentation parameters for red and white wine production separately. Optimization of an efficient processing technology to produce local grape wines will help to reduce the price of wines so that they are available to common masses at affordable costs besides improving the economic status of grape growers in the state and providing valuable information to wine makers to establish winery under North Indian conditions. Use of synthetic grape juice (Triple M media; during off season of grapes) lead to optimization of ethanol fermentation parameters in two separate fashions considering fermentation temperature as key parameter. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis showed the presence of flavonoids, terpenes, and esters increasing nutritive value of product, providing antioxidants to the consuming person.     

低醇甜型毛葡萄酒酿造工艺的研究

以毛葡萄NW196夏季果为原料,生产低醇甜型毛葡萄酒。利用果胶酶对毛葡萄汁进行澄清;用SO2、山梨酸钾和纳他霉素对毛葡萄酒进行中途抑制发酵。结果表明,果胶酶浓度为40-60mg／L,处理时间为12～16h时对毛葡萄汁澄清的效果比较好;60mg／LSO2与100mg／L纳他霉素协同中途抑制发酵的效果最好;酿制的低醇甜型毛葡萄酒果香浓郁,酒体饱满,典型性强。     

红提和糯米复合发酵葡萄酒工艺优化及香气成分分析

目的：通过添加天然外源糖提升鲜食葡萄酒品质。方法：以红提为原料,糯米糖化液为外源糖,进行复合发酵红提葡萄酒工艺优化并分析鉴定葡萄酒中香气成分。以发酵温度、糯米糖化液和红提体积比、酵母接种量、SO2添加量为单因素,以乙醇体积分数和花色苷为指标研究红提葡萄酒发酵工艺;在单因素试验基础上进行3因素3水平响应面试验优化最佳发酵工艺。结果：单因素试验表明SO2添加量80?mg/L、发酵温度20?℃、酵母菌接种量1?g/L、糯米糖化液和红提体积比1∶4为最适发酵条件;响应面法优化红提果酒最佳发酵工艺为发酵温度21?℃、酵母接种量1.2?g/L、SO2添加量84?mg/L、体积比1∶4,发酵7?d得到体积分数为12.7%的红提葡萄酒。气相色谱-质谱联用仪共鉴定出39?种挥发性化合物,其中醇类15?种、酯类15?种、酸类5?种、萜类2?种。香气活性值（odor activity value,OAV）分析表明,共有12 种香气物质的OAV较高,主要为β-大马士酮、己酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯、乙酸异戊酯、癸酸乙酯。结论：以糯米糖化液为外源糖,可提升红提葡萄酒的乙醇体积分数,同时该葡萄酒具备良好的口感及典型的葡萄酒风味。     

红葡萄原酒发酵过程中的温度控制

论述了红葡萄酒原酒发酵过程中温度控制对酵母、酚类物质、挥发性物质的作用与影响,结合实际生产操作情况介绍了针对不同产区原料、不同葡萄品种发酵过程控制发酵温度的方法,红葡萄酒苹果酸乳酸发酵温度的控制要点。     

响应面法优化黑枸杞-葡萄复合果酒发酵工艺的研究

以黑枸杞汁和葡萄汁为原料,考察酵母添加量、发酵温度和初始糖度对复合果酒的品质的影响。在单因素试验结果的基础上,采用响应面法优化黑枸杞-葡萄复合果酒的发酵工艺参数。结果表明,黑枸杞汁与葡萄汁的最佳配比为7∶3（V/V）,最佳发酵工艺条件为发酵温度20 ℃、酵母添加量0.03%、初始糖度24%。在此条件下,发酵所得复合果酒酒精度为12.7%vol,感官评分为90分,果酒酒香浓厚,酒体澄清透明,呈酒红色。     

沙糖桔葡萄复合果酒酿造工艺研究

以沙糖桔、巨峰葡萄为原料,研究其混合发酵工艺对复合果酒的苦味以及澄清度的影响,采用单因素及正交试验对复合果酒的酿造工艺进行优化。结果表明,复合果酒最佳砂糖桔汁和葡萄汁添加量分别为40%和60%;最佳发酵工艺参数为酵母接种量为0.1 g/kg,初始糖度为24 °Bx,发酵温度24 ℃,主发酵时间为8 d。在此最佳发酵工艺条件下,复合果酒感官评分为82.8分,酒精度为11.88%vol。最佳脱苦工艺为柚苷酶添加量0.03%,酶解温度50 ℃,酶解时间为90 min。在此最佳脱苦工艺条件下,复合果酒感官评分为7.5分。加入0.06%的果胶酶和0.02%聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮（PVPP）时,透光率为90.6%。沙糖桔葡萄复合果酒酒体清澈透亮、色泽诱人,口感柔和、爽口,香气浓郁。     

Improvement of winemaking process using pulsed electric fields at pilot-plant scale. Evolution of chromatic parameters and phenolic content of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines

The influence of the application of a continuous pulsed electric fields treatment (PEF treatment) to grape pomace on the evolution of colour and phenolic content of Cabernet Sauvignon red wines has been investigated. Wine from grape treated by PEF presented at the end of alcoholic fermentation higher colour intensity (CI), total polyphenol index (TPI) and total anthocyanic content (TAC) than control wine. This effect was observed even although maceration time for PEF wine was 48 h shorter than for control. Differences remained during malolactic fermentation and maturation. After 4 months of aging in bottle, CI, TPI and TAC of PEF wine were 38%, 22% and 11% higher respectively than the control. HPLC phenolic profiles of wines were qualitatively similar, without detecting a selective effect on any phenol. No significant differences in sensory attributes between wines were detected. Results indicate that PEF is a promising technology in red winemaking for reducing the maceration time and increasing colour and phenolic extraction.     

“香槟法”制作起泡枸杞果酒的工艺研究

研究了瓶内二次发酵法制作起泡枸杞果酒的工艺。对酿造过程中的关键控制点进行了优化。最佳结果为:6倍复水,在60℃、真空度为0.06MPa的环境中浸提5h,带皮浸渍发酵,流加补糖,二次发酵前补糖24g/L,补酸1g/L(其中0.5g/L的酒石酸和0.5g/L)。二次发酵最佳方法设计是:在16℃~18℃温度下,选用18-2007酵母进行发酵,后续澄清时将温度降至8℃。此工艺最大程度保护了枸杞中的有益成分,成品酒体呈浅红色、澄清透明、有光泽,具有纯正、优雅、和谐的果香、醇香,悦人的口味和发酵起泡酒的特有香味,有杀口力,枸杞特征明显。     

蓝莓果酒主发酵工艺研究

以冷冻蓝莓为原料,对蓝莓果酒主发酵工艺进行实验。测定了发酵结束时酒精度和糖含量。结果表明：料液比1∶2、调原料糖度21°Bx、pH 3.4-3.6、酵母添加量0.075%-0.1%、SO2添加量40-60mg/kg、发酵温度24℃,在此条件下发酵7d,可得酒度为12%（体积比）左右、最终白利糖度6°Bx左右的蓝莓主发酵后的果酒。     

Degradation of white wine haze proteins by Aspergillopepsin I and II during juice flash pasteurization

Bentonite is commonly used to remove grape proteins responsible for haze formation in white wines. Proteases potentially represent an alternative to bentonite, but so far none has shown satisfactory activity under winemaking conditions. A promising candidate is AGP, a mixture of Aspergillopepsins I and II.; a food grade, well characterized and inexpensive protease, active at wine pH and at high temperatures (60-80°C). AGP was added to two clarified grape juices with and without heat treatments (75°C, 1min) prior to fermentation. AGP showed some activity at fermentation temperatures (≈20% total protein reduction compared to control wine) and excellent activity when combined with juice heating (≈90% total protein reduction). The more heat stable grape proteins, i.e. those not contributing to wine hazing, were not affected by the treatments and therefore accounted for the remaining 10% of protein still in solution after the treatments. The main physicochemical parameters and sensorial characteristics of wines produced with AGP were not different from controls.