基于FPGA波形存储法合成大宽带DDS信号源设计与实现

本文研究利用直接数字波形合成法(DDWS)进行直接数字合成(DDS)的设计原理,提出高速率、大带宽下用DDWS产生宽带雷达线性调频信号(LFM)的设计方法,给出系统硬件框图和软件设计模块.设计采用单片高速FPGA作为控制核心,双路单通道DAC芯片进行数模转换,利用ISE软件进行硬件程序设计.设计的信号源可产生时钟频率400 MHz、时宽16μs以内、带宽320 MHz以下的任意LFM.本文对基带信号的带内平坦度,脉冲压缩结果,调频斜率线性度,I/Q正交性等指标进行了分析.分析结果表明,杂散可以通过适当带宽的低通滤波器滤除,基带信号带内平坦度在0.452 dB之内,脉冲压缩最大旁瓣电平低于-12.8 dB.正交圆图、时频分析结果和理想情况相差不大.同时本设计在具体实践应用中获得良好的效果.     

多DDS并行伪差值合成的相位截断误差分析

对理想多DDS伪插值信号的原理与频谱分布进行分析,建立了相位截断情况下的多DDS伪插值系统模型,在此模型基础上对相位截断杂散频谱进行分析与计算,给出相位截断频谱杂散的分布规律和幅度大小,得出关于杂散谱线数量、分布规律及频率控制字选择依据的一些结论,并利用计算机仿真与硬件实验对不同参数时的相位截断频谱杂散进行验证。这些分析可用于伪插值DDS信号源或时钟发生器设计中的杂散评估与方案选择及指标分配提供理论依据。     

具有双重结构的多通道任意波形发生器设计

直接数字合成(direct digital synthesizer,DDS)技术在输出高频信号时容易造成信号失真且杂散较大,限制其应用领域。通过对DDS信号杂散的分析,提出一种具有双重结构的多通道任意波形发生器设计方案,在DDS波形发生器的基础上增加数据顺序输出模块以弥补DDS信号的不足。采用FPGA构建DDS频率合成器,间隔输出波形数据,实现DDS信号输出;利用DDS频率合成技术产生数据顺序输出模块的数据输出时钟,通过改变数据输出时钟控制信号输出频率,最终达到信号输出且频率可调。实验表明:输出频率达到2 MHz时DDS已经出现明显失真,而顺序输出模块则可以很好地还原实际波形,但DDS具有明显的频率调节优势,两者相互补充,具有较好的应用价值。     

一种宽带线性调频信号源的设计

针对雷达成像技术的需要,本文介绍了一种宽带高性能线性调频信号源的设计与实现。首先阐述了宽带高性能线性调频信号源的设计思想和工程实现的理论依据,接下来介绍了设计中的关键技术和预失真补偿技术,实验结果表明,本方案设计的超宽带线性调频信号源达到了脉冲压缩峰值旁瓣比大于40dB,脉冲压缩峰值旁瓣比与理论值相当的性能。     

一种改善DDS电路系统杂散方法研究

针对直接数字频率合成器(DDS)电路系统输出杂散问题,分析DAC非线性对输出杂散的影响,在此基础上给出DDS电路系统杂散的来源模型。提出通过合理选择输出频段来减小DDS输出杂散的方案,并给出了仿真实例。实测结果验证了该方案可以有效地降低DDS输出杂散,对提高DDS电路输出信号的质量有很好的促进作用,在DDS电路设计方面具有指导意义。     

基于DDS和单片机的低频信号源的设计

信号源是电子系统中重要的组成部分。随着电子技术的不断发展,对信号源的要求也越来越高,传统的模拟信号源已经远远不能满足要求,而直接数字合成技术的出现,给现代电子技术带来了新的生机。但因其数字化本身的特点,仍存在输出频带范围有限,输出杂散大的特点。因此,解决这方面的问题就显得尤为重要。本文基于DDS和AT89C51组成的单片机系统进行硬件和软件的设计,实现低频信号源的产生。本系统主要由硬件和软件两部分组成。DDS低频信号合成器工作稳定,易于实现,输出频率分辨率高可以满足人们的要求。     

基于AD9851和C8051F021的宽带信号源

基于直接数字频率合成(DDS)原理,利用C8051F021单片机作为控制器件,采用AD9851型DDS器件设计一个正弦波信号源。重点介绍信号源的硬件设计和软件设计参数,该信号源输出信号频带较宽、频率稳定度高,波形良好。此信号源具有较强的实用性,在无线通信、地下物探方面具有比较广阔的发展前景。     

主动浮标发射信号源设计

给出了一种基于CPLD的主动全向浮标发射信号源的设计。利用单片CPLD器件,将信号源集成在一块集成芯片上,实现单频、线性调频及3倍单频、线性调频信号、TVG控制信号、内差混频信号的同步发生,同时内部实现脉冲扣除功能,具有外围电路简单,性能稳定,升级方便等特点。     

一种线性调频信号的设计

雷达的信号波形作为现代雷达系统的一个重要组成部分,在雷达系统中起着至关重要的作用。简要介绍DDS器件GM4940的特点,并着重叙述基于GM4940的线性调频信号的设计方法。最后给出利用GM4940产生的线性调频信号的测试图片。     

一种X波段宽带接收激励器

为某电子侦察干扰试验系统研制一种X波段超宽带接收/激励器,叙述工作原理,在4GHz搜索带内,带宽1.2GHz时,接收机带内起伏小于1.2dB,激励信号杂散抑制大于32dB。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

The Influence of Nitrogen and Boron Implant into Silicon Substrate on the Phase and Internal Stress of c-BN Films

Cubic boron nitride(c-BN) film was deposited on a Si (100) substrate by the RF-magnetron sputtering.The mainly problems for fabrication of c-BN films are the low purity and high intrinsic compressive stress. In order to solve the two problems, the c-BN film with the buffer interlayer was deposited on the substrate which had been implanted with nitrogen and/or boron ions. The results show: the implantation of nitrogen ions can obviously increase c-BN content and reduce the internal stress slightly; while the implantation of boron shows no obvious improvement to the content of c-BN, which can reduce the internal stress in the film obviously. In addition, it is suggested that the implantation of nitrogen and boron shows the best result, which not only can increase the content of c-BN, but also reduce the internal stress in the c-BN film obviously.