基于C-B 样条的三角形和四边形曲面生成

文章给出了基于C-B 样条的由网格数据产生三角形和四边形曲面片的方 法,C-B 样条是由基底函数{sin t, cos t, t, 1}导出的一种新型样条曲线,它可以克服现在正在 使用的B 样条和有理B 样条为了满足数据网格的拓扑结构而增加多余的控制点,求导求积 分复杂繁琐,阶数过高,从而讨论其连续拼接时增加了困难等缺点,如何将它推广成曲面就 成为一个重要问题。作者利用边-顶点方法构造插值算子,再将这些算子进行凸性组合,将 C-B 样条曲线推广成三角形曲面片和四边形曲面片,它可以用于CAD 的逆向工程中散乱数 据的曲面重构。     

C~2 quartic spline surface interpolation

This paper discusses the problem of constructing C2 quartic spline surface interpolation. Decreasing the continuity of the quartic spline to C2 offers additional freedom degrees that can be used to adjust the precision and the shape of the interpolation surface. An approach to determining the freedom degrees is given, the continuity equations for constructing C2 quartic spline curve are discussed, and a new method for constructing C2 quartic spline surface is presented. The advantages of the new method are that the equations that the surface has to satisfy are strictly row diagonally dominant, and the discontinuous points of the surface are at the given data points. The constructed surface has the precision of quartic polynomial. The comparison of the interpolation precision of the new method with cubic and quartic spline methods is included.     

Curve fitting and fairing using conic splines

We present an efficient geometric algorithm for conic spline curve fitting and fairing through conic arc scaling. Given a set of planar points, we first construct a tangent continuous conic spline by interpolating the points with a quadratic Bézier spline curve or fitting the data with a smooth arc spline. The arc spline can be represented as a piecewise quadratic rational Bézier spline curve. For parts of the G¹ conic spline without an inflection, we can obtain a curvature continuous conic spline by adjusting the tangent direction at the joint point and scaling the weights for every two adjacent rational Bézier curves. The unwanted curvature extrema within conic segments or at some joint points can be removed efficiently by scaling the weights of the conic segments or moving the joint points along the normal direction of the curve at the point. In the end, a fair conic spline curve is obtained that is G² continuous at convex or concave parts and G¹ continuous at inflection points. The main advantages of the method lies in two aspects, one advantage is that we can construct a curvature continuous conic spline by a local algorithm, the other one is that the curvature plot of the conic spline can be controlled efficiently. The method can be used in the field where fair shape is desired by interpolating or approximating a given point set. Numerical examples from simulated and real data are presented to show the efficiency of the new method.     

一类二次曲面上的参数样条

在空间四个有序数据点所确定的一个二次曲面上,可以构造一类特殊的曲线。给出了四个形状控制因子的有理基函数,以及通过研究其参数间的函数关系定义函数集,构造一类样条曲线,使得通过改变控制因子能任意精确地逼近控制多边形。这类样条曲线端点处满足一定切线方向和有界曲率,容易将它们拼接成一条逼近样条曲线。利用这些样条构造出逼近样条曲面,具有更多的自由度。     

C<Superscript>2</Superscript> quartic spline surface interpolation

This paper discusses the problem of constructing C² quartic spline surface interpolation. Decreasing the continuity of the quartic spline to C² offers additional freedom degrees that can be used to adjust the precision and the shape of the interpolation surface. An approach to determining the freedom degrees is given, the continuity equations for constructing C² quartic spline curve are discussed, and a new method for constructing C² quartic spline surface is presented. The advantages of the new method are that the equations that the surface has to satisfy are strictly row diagonally dominant, and the discontinuous points of the surface are at the given data points. The constructed surface has the precision of quartic polynomial. The comparison of the interpolation precision of the new method with cubic and quartic spline methods is included.     

形状可调的5次组合样条及其参数选择

目的 为了克服3次参数B样条在形状调整与局部性方面的不足,提出带参数的5次多项式组合样条。方法 首先构造一组带参数的5次多项式基函数;然后采用与3次B样条曲线相同的组合方式定义带参数的5次多项式组合样条曲线,并讨论基于能量优化法的5次组合样条曲线参数最佳取值问题;最后定义相应的组合样条曲面,并研究利用粒子群算法求解曲面的最佳参数取值。结果 5次组合样条不仅继承了3次B样条的诸多性质,而且还比3次B样条具有更强的局部性及形状可调性。由于5次组合样条仍为多项式模型,因此方程结构相对较为简单,符合实际工程的需要。利用能量优化法可获得光顺的5次组合样条曲线与曲面。结论 所提出5次多项式组合样条克服了3次参数B样条在形状调整与局部性方面的不足,是一种实用的自由曲线曲面造型方法。     

一种类四次三角样条曲线

针对B样条曲线相对于其控制多边形形状固定,以及不能描述除抛物线以外的圆锥曲线的不足进行改进。将形状参数与三角函数进行有机结合,构造了一组含参数的三角基,由这组基定义了带形状参数的三角样条曲线,其每一段由相继的5个控制顶点生成。新曲线在继承B样条曲线主要优点的同时,既具有形状可调性,又能精确表示椭圆,对于等距节点,在一般情况下曲线C³连续,当形状参数取特殊值时曲线可达C⁵连续。采用张量积方法,将曲线推广后所得到的曲面具有与曲线类似的性质,给出了用曲面表示椭球面的方法。     

一类加权有理插值样条曲面及局部约束控制

目的 构造一类新的基于函数值与偏导数值的加权有理插值样条曲面,讨论该样条曲面的相关性质并分析曲面的局部约束控制。方法 一方面,先从x方向构造有理三次插值样条,再从y方向构造二元有理插值样条曲面;另一方面,按相反次序构造另一个二元有理插值样条曲面;最后将两种插值曲面加权得到一类新的有理插值样条曲面。结果 讨论插值曲面的性质,包括基函数、边界性质、积分加权系数的性质以及误差估计。通过选择合适的参数和加权系数,在不改变插值数据的前提下实现对插值区域内的局部约束控制。结论 实验结果表明,新的加权有理插值样条曲面具有良好的约束控制性质。     

基于最佳圆弧样条逼近的快速距离曲面计算

距离曲面是一种常用的隐式曲面,它在几何造型和计算机动画中具有重要的应用价值,但以往往在对距离曲面进行多边形化时速较慢,为了提高点到曲线最近距离计算的效率,提出了一种基于最佳圆弧样条逼近的快速线骨架距离曲面计算方法,该算法对于一条任意的二维NURBS曲线,在用户给定的误差范围内,先用最少量的圆弧样条来逼近给定的曲线,从而把点到NURBS曲线最近距离的计算问题转化为点到圆弧样条最近距离的计算问题,由于在对曲面进行多边形化时,需要大量的点到曲线最近距离的计算,而该处可以将点到圆弧样条最近距离很少的计算量来解析求得,故该算法效率很高,该实验表明,算法简单实用,具有很大的应用价值。     

三次插值样条曲线拟合多核并行算法

充分利用多核技术提升多核处理器的资源利用率,缩短执行时间,发挥多核系统的优异性能。在多核计算机上设计了解三对角方程组的奇偶约化多线程并行程序,实现了三次样条曲线拟合的快速计算。通过实验结果的加速比对比,可以看出并行后缩短了求解方程组的时间,多核资源得到充分利用。结果表明,奇偶约化多核并行算法在三次样条曲线拟合中的应用是有效及可行的。     

基于样条曲线拟合的肺区轮廓修补算法*

当肿瘤处于肺的边缘时,依据CT图像分割出的肺区有缺陷,肿瘤可能被排除在分割出的肺区外.为了解决这一问题,根据肺区外侧轮廓的形状特征,抽取多个控制点,使用Cardinal样条曲线拟合肺区轮廓.拟合后的边界成功地把肿瘤包含在肺区内.     

基于DXF文件格式的三次参数样条曲线的生成

介绍了三次参数样条曲线的研究现状和AutoCAD软件接口,提出了以DXF文件格式为桥梁实现AutoCAD三次样条图形与VC++之间的数据交换.运用VC++编程提取出该文件中各个三次样条曲线的起始端点和终止端点切向、型值点总数和各型值点坐标,运用给出的三次参数样条曲线生成原理和方法,VC++编程实现了三次参数样条曲线的参数化绘制.     

带形状控制的自由曲线曲面参数样条

目的 样条曲线曲面的构造是工程制图中的一个重要部分。针对双曲抛物面上参数样条曲线的构造,在已有的研究基础上提出了一种样条方法使曲线曲面可以任意地逼近一个多边形或者一个网格。方法 在标准四面体内构造一个双曲抛物面,在该曲面上以基函数参数化的方法定义一种带形状参数的参数样条曲线曲面,样条基函数通过将双曲抛物面的有理参数化进行限定,生成单参数有理样条基函数。详细研究了样条的保形性及其端点性质。结果 样条曲线具有一个可变的形状控制因子,可以对曲线进行调整,能以任意精度逼近这个控制四边形或网格。对空间节点列,利用该样条可以生成G²-连续空间曲线,同样对于空间网格可以构造G²-连续的拟合曲面,它所对应的基函数可以是有理形式。结论 实验结果表明,本文在笔者已有的研究基础上提出的参数样条曲线可以通过重心坐标系变换适应为任意的四边形,除了空间四面体内的样条曲线,四面体退化成四边形同样可实现。     

三向四次箱样条曲面与Bezier曲面的光滑拼接

以二元四次多项式在三角域和矩形域上的Bezier形式的Blossom为工具,给出了当给定一张三向四次箱样条曲面时,能与之C^0、C^1、C^2拼接的三边或矩形Bezier曲面的控制顶点所要满足的一个显式表示的充分条件。这一结果在使用三向四次箱样条曲面或Loop细分曲面造型,而又需要构造Bezier曲面与之拼接或补洞时,具有理论和实际应用价值。     

Anatomical and dynamic volume spline model applied to facial soft tissue

Biomechanical modeling of soft tissue is a complex problem for achieving realistic surgical simulations, surgical planning, and scientific analysis. In the literature, three categories of biomechanical models: spline based models, spring models, and finite element models (FEMs) are mainly used for dealing with this problem. Among these, spline based models offer relatively fast and realistic soft tissue simulations by utilizing both the spring and FEMs. In this paper, a new dynamic volume spline model for human face skin is proposed and the performance of our model is discussed by estimating the results of facial surgery of three different patients. Face models of the patients are obtained from 3D CT/MR scans by segmenting the skull, muscle, and skin layers. In these face models, the skull and the muscle layers are considered as the rigid boundary for the skin layer and the skin layer is modeled by our dynamic volume spline. The control points of the dynamic volume spline are localized masses with viscoelastic material properties (stiffness, damping, and mass). These parameters are computed from the skin material properties that were published in the literature. Once the face models are generated, facial surgery plannings are simulated. Infact, the pre‐surgery face models are modified according to the surgical plans and the estimated post‐surgery face models are compared with the actual post‐surgery face models. Moreover, in order to discuss the performance of our dynamic volume spline model, the same analyses are performed on the post‐surgery estimations of a conventional tool. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Knot calculation for spline fitting via sparse optimization

Curve fitting with splines is a fundamental problem in computer-aided design and engineering. However, how to choose the number of knots and how to place the knots in spline fitting remain a difficult issue. This paper presents a framework for computing knots (including the number and positions) in curve fitting based on a sparse optimization model. The framework consists of two steps: first, from a dense initial knot vector, a set of active knots is selected at which certain order derivative of the spline is discontinuous by solving a sparse optimization problem; second, we further remove redundant knots and adjust the positions of active knots to obtain the final knot vector. Our experiments show that the approximation spline curve obtained by our approach has less number of knots compared to existing methods. Particularly, when the data points are sampled dense enough from a spline, our algorithm can recover the ground truth knot vector and reproduce the spline.     

带双形状参数的C-B样条曲线

利用积分方法构造了带双形状参数的C-B样条曲线基函数,这类曲线具有标准C-B样条曲线主要性质,如连续性、凸包性等;根据形状参数的不同取值可以整体或者局部调控曲线形状,由此生成的曲线与曲面,作为一种新的几何造型方法,可应用于CAD/CAM领域。     

Optimal approximate conversion of spline surfaces

The paper introduces an effective method for approximate conversion of spline surfaces. The method uses mainly geometric continuity conditions, parameter transformations and nonlinear optimization techniques. Degree reduction to bicubic and biquintic surfaces is introduced, curvature oriented segmentation is developed. The method can be extended to merging spline surfaces and to spline approximation of offset surfaces.     

C1三次插值样条曲线曲面

利用Bézier曲线的端点插值性质,得到了构造三次插值样条曲线曲面的一种改进的基函数——BB基函数。由BB基函数构造了C¹保形三次插值样条曲线;构造了C¹双三次插值样条曲面。     

二元三方向样条曲面的快速显示算法与实现

本文应用Ｂ网分裂加密的思想，讨论在计算机上快速实现二元三方向网格上三角域样条曲面的显示。该算法具有快速、稳定和高效率等优点，可用于相应的曲面设计与曲面求交。