生物柴油应用研究进展

简要综述了生物柴油应用研究进展,着重介绍了高酸值原料生产工艺,讨论认为原料应充分利用废食用油或工业油脂,固体酸、碱催化法工艺是当前最佳发展点,长期趋势为微生物油脂固体催化剂工艺或酶催化的联合工艺。     

生物催化与生物转化的研究进展

生物催化与生物转化是生物学、化学、过程工程科学的交叉领域,其核心目标是大规模采用微生物或酶为催化剂生产化学品、医药、能源、材料等。本文指出生物催化与生物转化研究重新崛起,并已成为发达国家的重要科技与产业发展战略,概述了生物催化与生物转化技术的发展现状与趋势,介绍了我国重大基础研究项目生物催化与生物转化的研究动态,该项目的关键问题及主要研究方向是：(1)生物催化多样性理论及其实现方法;(2)催化剂改造的方法学;(3)生物系统催化的理论和方法;(4)生物催化剂适应性原理和方法问题;(5)重要生物催化体系的催化机理。     

深度学科交叉和高度过程集成的非水相生物催化

和化学合成相比,生物催化具有选择性高、反应条件温和、环境友好的特性而成为生物技术中一个快速发展的领域.但生物催化工业常受到底物溶解度低、底物/产物抑制生物催化剂活性、产物进一步降解等限制.非水相催化和原位产物去除新技术是克服上述困难的有力工具,本文综述了其研究进展.以甾醇边链切除的微生物转化为例,介绍了作者最近开发的高度集成了非水相催化和原位产物去除优点的浊点两相分配生物反应器技术.讨论了非水相生物催化工业高度过程集成和深度学科交叉的特征,提出了发展非水相生物催化工业的若干建议.     

专性嗜碱芽孢杆菌Bacillus pseudofirmus 的基因导入方法

引言 极端微生物可以为改善传统生物催化剂的"脆性"提供新的方法, 从而提高酶在高温、高压、高酸碱性等条件下的催化活性[1].嗜碱菌是一类最适生长pH＞10的极端微生物,可以生产碱性淀粉酶、碱性蛋白酶、碱性纤维素酶等碱性酶,具有重要的工业应用价值[2].     

生物催化技术在化学制药中的应用

生物催化技术是一种利用酶或微生物进行化学反应的技术,通过生物体内的天然催化系统实现选择性、高效和温和的化学合成或分解。在有机合成、制药、食品工业和环境保护等领域,生物催化技术展现出高度优越性。其优势包括高选择性、高效催化、温和反应条件、对复杂底物的容忍度、可再生性和环境友好。特别在制药领域,裂解酶、氧化酶、还原酶和转移酶等酶催化技术被广泛应用,提供了高效、选择性和可持续的药物合成解决方案。随着对生物催化技术的深入理解和生物技术的发展,其未来应用前景广阔。     

工业生物技术的研究现状与发展趋势

工业生物技术是以微生物或酶为催化剂进行物质转化,大规模生产人类所需的化学品、医药、能源、材料等,是解决人类目前面临的资源、能源及环境危机的有效手段.世界经合组织指出：“工业生物技术是工业可持续发展最有希望的技术”.本文指出工业生物技术的新崛起,并已成为发达国家的重要科技与产业发展战略.概述了工业生物技术的发展现状与趋势,特别在生物能源、生物材料以及生物质资源化方面.介绍了工业生物技术的关键问题是：（1）微生物资源库和微生物功能基因组学技术;（2）生物催化剂快速定向改造新技术;（3）重要工业微生物的代谢工程.展望了我国工业生物技术发展前景.     

微生物催化油脂成功制备生物燃油

<正>昆明红火科技有限公司承担的微生物催化油脂制备生物燃油项目,日前在京通过中国高科技产业化研究会组织的专家委员会评审。专家认为其技术达到国内领先水平,填补了我国应用微生物催化法制备生物环保燃油的空白。该项目共筛选出7种微生物菌种,并通过固态发酵工艺设备用这些菌种生产复合催化剂,将地沟油等生物质源制备成生物燃油。经国家相关机构检测,该项目生产的燃油符合国标《醇基液体燃料》要求。科研人员完成了30多万种微生物的筛选实验,得到280种可用菌。他们进一步将可用菌经基因重组、融合等组培为7种良     

钴盐催化甲苯液相选择氧化反应研究进展

介绍了现阶段钴盐催化甲苯液相选择氧化所使用的各种工艺、钴盐和钴盐复合催化剂在有无溶剂或助剂作用下的催化情况。探讨了现阶段钴盐催化氧化甲苯所存在的催化剂活性,甲苯转化率、产品选择性以及纯度等问题,指出了未来钴盐催化氧化甲苯的发展方向应该是寻求一种高效绿色并且可以提高甲苯转化率、产物选择性的钴盐催化剂。     

钴盐催化甲苯液相选择氧化反应研究进展

介绍了现阶段钴盐催化甲苯液相选择氧化所使用的各种工艺、钴盐和钴盐复合催化剂在有无溶剂或助剂作用下的催化情况。探讨了现阶段钴盐催化氧化甲苯所存在的催化剂活性,甲苯转化率、产品选择性以及纯度等问题,指出了未来钴盐催化氧化甲苯的发展方向应该是寻求一种高效绿色并且可以提高甲苯转化率、产物选择性的钴盐催化剂。     

生物催化：可持续发展的希望——访南京工业大学校长、中国工程院院士欧阳平凯

生物催化与生物转化的核心目标,是在化工领域大规模采用微生物或酶为催化剂,大规模生产有机化学品。     

Sulfur removal from coal through multiphase media containing biocatalysts

A novel bioprocess using micelle biocatalysts was developed to minimize several disadvantages of conventional microbial coal desulfurization processes. The multiphase biocatalysis process consists of an organic medium (mineral oil or a mixture with n-heptane), a surfactant and an aqueous phase containing Thiobacillus ferrooxidans organisms or their cell-free enzyme extracts. Water-in-oil emulsion and reverse micelle processes have been successful for removing sulfur from bituminous coal. The preliminary results indicated that, in the case of water-in-oil emulsion, the process that used the cell-free enzyme extracts of T. ferrooxidans showed higher sulfur reduction than that containing whole cells, and reverse micells were more effective than water-in-oil emulsion. With a high concentration of bacteria, more than 50% total sulfur removal was achieved through the reverse micelle system. These results indicate that multiphase biocatalysis may have a significant potential for developing biotechnical coal desulfurization processes.     

Carrier-Free Enzyme Immobilizates for Flow Chemistry

For the development of efficient and green industrial processes, the combination of biocatalysis and flow chemistry holds great promises. Flow chemical utilization of biocatalysts, essentially made possible by the immobilization (or retention) of enzymes in flow reactors, has attracted increased academic attention during recent years. In the present review we present an overview of immobilization strategies suitable for flow chemistry, particularly focusing on recently developed carrier-free immobilization methods, highlighting advances in the field and presenting future trends.     

工业生物催化过程的发展及其展望

综述了近年来工业生物催化过程的发展,提出按照生物催化剂的制备和催化过程的特点将工业生物催化分成生长耦联型催化和生长非耦联型催化,通过这两类生物催化成功的范例以及研究进展讨论生物催化工业化的途径和方法及进一步发展的方向和对策.     

Prospects for application of enzymatic interesterification of oils in the production of modified fats

This review discusses a recent state of research in the field of enzymatic biocatalysis in application for the production of modified food fats. Properties of biocatalysts for enzymatic interesterification both been currently under development and already applied in industry of vegetable oils are discussed. The main directions of research on development of new biocatalysts, including those based on the novel recombinant lipase enzymes, as well as the potential of targeted modifications in the composition of oils by optimization of the catalytic process are covered. The relevant analysis of the enzymatic interesterification of oils shows its potential for development of energy efficient and environmentally friendly processes for production of the high quality food products with the specified characteristics.     

生物催化及其在手性技术中的应用

综述了生物催化主要研究方向,包括筛选新型生物催化剂、建立高通量的筛选技术平台、改造催化剂、开发新的生物催化反应类型及介质工程研究等,同时介绍了生物催化在手性技术中的应用,指出了生物催化技术存在的问题并展望未来的发展方向。     

非水相细胞催化研究进展

非水相细胞催化可提高水不溶化合物溶解度,改变热力学平衡以利于产物合成,是生物催化的重要组成部分。本文介绍了非水相细胞催化体系中溶剂和催化剂的筛选,如lgP值法和以产物高萃取率为目标的计算机辅助分子设计,以及催化剂的溶剂耐受性;综述了提高非水相细胞催化活性的方法,包括极端微生物的筛选和构建、细胞固定化等,以及非水相细胞催化反应在香料、药物及药物中间体等方面的应用现状;最后从生物学和工程学角度展望了非水相细胞催化研究的努力方向。     

Engineering of Biocatalysts and Biocatalytic Processes

Discovering and developing new biocatalytic reactions and biocatalysts has been the major focus of the activities in the EC FP7 BIOTRAINS network. However, industrial implementation of these new reactions requires engineering of both the biocatalysts and the associated processes, to achieve the necessary targets for economic and sustainable feasibility of full-scale processes. The possible engineering solutions can most rapidly be identified using a series of tools and in this article we will describe some of these as well as giving a perspective on the future of this important element of process research and development.     

Maximizing the Efficiency of Multienzyme Process by Stoichiometry Optimization

Multienzyme processes represent an important area of biocatalysis. Their efficiency can be enhanced by optimization of the stoichiometry of the biocatalysts. Here we present a workflow for maximizing the efficiency of a three‐enzyme system catalyzing a five‐step chemical conversion. Kinetic models of pathways with wild‐type or engineered enzymes were built, and the enzyme stoichiometry of each pathway was optimized. Mathematical modeling and one‐pot multienzyme experiments provided detailed insights into pathway dynamics, enabled the selection of a suitable engineered enzyme, and afforded high efficiency while minimizing biocatalyst loadings. Optimizing the stoichiometry in a pathway with an engineered enzyme reduced the total biocatalyst load by an impressive 56 %. Our new workflow represents a broadly applicable strategy for optimizing multienzyme processes.