浅析氮化合金在现代工业中的应用

介绍了在对环保要求越来越严格的情况下,氮化合金在钢铁行业及其它行业上的应用及氮化合金的现状.着重论述了氮化合金在高氮钢及不锈钢中的应用及特性,并指出高氮钢是未来发展的必然趋势,氮化合金前景广阔.     

脉冲加热惰气熔融-热导法测定微氮合金中氮含量

选用锡囊+镍篮作为助熔剂，通过优化氧氮分析仪的工作条件，建立了脉冲加热惰气熔融-热导法测定微氮合金中氮含量的检测方法。采用与试样基体含量相近的氮化锰铁和氮化硅铁标准样品绘制氮的校准曲线，氮元素校准曲线的线性相关系数为0.9992。试验方法用于微氮合金实际样品的测定，氮元素测定结果的相对标准偏差（RSD,n=10）在0.53%～0.97%，平均回收率在98.7%-101.5%之间。试验结果表明该方法具有较好的精密度和准确度，能够满足常规生产检验的分析要求。     

低成本HRB500E钢筋生产实践

本文介绍了氮化钒铁和钒氮合金对HRB500E钢筋的强化作用和实际生产实践,通过实际生产表明氮化钒铁较钒氮合金对钢筋额力学性能强化效果更好,但是在实际生产过程中需要计算成本,根据性价比选择使用更为合适的合金种类,从而实现HRB500E低合金成本生产。     

攀钢钒氮合金的应用及市场前景

介绍了国内外钒氮合金的生产技术及攀钢在研究制取氮化钒技术方面的进展及其应用,同时对钒氮合金产品的市场前景作了预测。     

利用氮化铬铁合金生产高氮无镍奥氏体不锈钢的研究

为在常压下能够生产出高氮无镍奥氏体不锈钢,选用了氮化铬铁合金作氮源,通过破碎、熔化微碳纯铁、加入锰合金及氮化铬铁合金颗粒,控制浇注时间和温度,以保证钢中有足够高的氮含量,测试结果表明,熔炼钢经固溶处理,可获得稳定的高氮无镍奥氏体不锈钢。     

无磁钻铤用高氮不锈钢TSMF166冶炼实践

通过无磁钻铤用高氮不锈钢TSMF166冶炼实践,开发出低碳高锰冶炼和VOD+ LF组合增氮两项技术,将大部分锰合金加入时间移至VOD脱碳后,用廉价的氮气替代氮化合金,100％用氮气进行氮合金化,解决TSMF166钢冶炼中碳、锰、氮含量的控制问题,缩短K-OBM-S转炉、VOD真空精炼和LF生产周期,提高钢质纯净度,降低生产成本,彻底消除在LF加氮化锰增氮产生的巨大烟尘给环境带来的严重污染.VOD+ LF组合增氮技术既经济又环保,值得在生产中高氮不锈钢上推广或借鉴.     

真空感应炉冶炼含氮不锈钢的合金增氮工艺

试验研究了200 kg真空感应炉冶炼含氮不锈钢Cr13(0.04%～0.06%N)、Cr23Ni19(0.22%～0.28% N)和Cr22Ni9(0.15%～0.19%N)时,在(0.1～0.6)×10⁵Pa氩气或氮气下加氮化铬(56.2%Cr、7.33%N)增氮工艺。结果表明,在氮气保护下加氮化合金,氮回收率为80%以上;在氩气保护下加氮化合金,氮回收率仅为10%。提高炉内氮气压力,控制合适的加入温度,加入小粒度氮化铬,氮的回收率可达100%。     

钒氮合金的生产方法

本发明采用的钒氮合金的生产方法是,将粉末状的钒的氧化物或偏钒酸铵,碳质粉剂和粘结剂等混合均匀后压块、成型,在氮气气氛下连续加入外热式回转窑,在氮气保护下预烧到1000℃以下,在出料口收集经氮气保护下冷却至室温的预烧的块状产品。然后推入改进的软磁氮气氛炉窑中,加热到1000～1500℃,物料发生碳化和氮化反应,出炉后获得钒氮合金产品。本发明制得的钒氮合金：     

新型钒氮合金研究的探讨

论述了钒铁的磨粉工艺,通过进行钒铁磨粉后粘结剂的选择研究,筛选出了一种既能粘结又对钒铁产品无害的粘结剂,同时设计了一种用于钒铁压饼的锭模;通过多炉次氮化实验,探索了氮化时间与钒氮合金含氮量的关系,实验结果表明:适合FeV50细粉的氮化温度为1 250～1 300℃,适合FeV80细粉的氮化温度为1 350～1 400℃,氮化时间约1 h,得到的FeV50试验产品氮含量超过5%,FeV80试验产品氮含量超过12%。     

回转法可控气氛生产氮化锰铁的实践

介绍了在回转窑中生产氮化锰铁的试验情况,着重阐述了炉气密封的方法和影响合金氮含量的因素。     

无害化、资源化铁合金生产的实践

介绍了山西交城义望铁合金厂的无害化、资源化生产铁合金的工艺。包括了利用煤炭工业生产的煤矸石发电。为铁合金生产提供电力；利用电厂粉煤灰制造空心砖；利用铁合金电炉产生的炉渣制造水泥；电炉除尘器收集的粉尘压块回炉提高金属元素的有效利用并回收粉尘中的有色金属；硅铁电炉粉尘用于建筑行业等。这些工艺的应用使得该厂实现了固体废弃物的零捧放。还补偿了环境保护设施的运行费用。     

高纯度和复合铁合金的生产和应用

为适应炼钢对铁合金产品质量的更高要求，满足其日益增长的需求量，铁合金企业应开发和生产高纯度铁合金、特种铁合金、包芯线、复合铁合金等品种，并在提高铁合金产品质量的同时，努力降低其生产成本。     

新钢生铁高炉的强化冶炼与护炉

强化冶炼是增产的主要手段，但也会伴随出现一系列不利情况。文章阐述了新钢公司铁合金厂生铁高炉强化冶炼过程中的做法，出现的问题和护炉保产措施。     

SHS Technology for Composite Ferroalloys. 1. Metallurgical SHS: Nitrides of Ferrovanadium and Ferrochromium

The development of specialized self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) for complex ferroalloys used in steel smelting and in blast-furnace technology is discussed. To that end, a new approach to the SHS process has been conceived: the metallurgical SHS process, in which the basic raw material consists of various metallurgical alloys including dusty waste from ferroalloy production. In that case, synthesis involves exchange exothermal reactions. The product is a composite based on the initial inorganic compounds; the binder is iron or an iron alloy. Depending on the state of the initial reagents, the metallurgical SHS processes may be gas-free, gas-absorbing, or gas-liberating. For each case, the combustion conditions will be very different. Thermal matching may be used in organizing the metallurgical SHS process in systems that are not strongly exothermal. The self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of nitrided ferrovanadium and ferrochrome is investigated. It is shown that the phase composition of the initial alloy strongly affects the combustion of ferrovanadium in nitrogen. In the nitriding of σ ferrovanadium, transformation of the intermetallide to an α solid solution is activated on reaching the phase-transition temperature (~1200°C). The composite structure of the nitriding products of ferrovanadium is formed under the influence of solid–liquid droplets consisting of molten iron and solid vanadium nitride. Solid-phase reaction of ferrochrome with nitrogen facilitates high degrees of nitriding. The combustion rate of ferrochrome on nitriding during coflow filtration, as in chromium, increases with increase in the nitrogen flow rate. The degree of nitriding of the ferrochrome in forced filtration (4.7–7.5% N) is much less than that in natural filtration (8.8–14.2% N).     

中国铁合金专用焦的发展

介绍了我国铁合金专用焦的发展情况,对铁合金专用焦以及其种类和性能作了详细说明,并对其生产现状作了简要介绍,同时探讨了发展铁合金专用焦生产的意义.最后对我国铁合金及其专用焦的生产的进一步完善提出了建议,以推动铁合金工业走上健康发展的道路.     

炼钢合金减量化智能控制模型及其应用

基于K均值聚类法对转炉出钢过程的合金损耗进行了研究,分析了影响合金损耗的关键因素,并将其分为3个聚类,得到转炉出钢合金损耗最低的工艺模式。在此基础上,开发了基于PCA-BP神经网络和混合整数线性规划的合金减量化智能控制系统,并以某炼钢厂为例进行了实际应用。通过对模型进行在线运行,验证了模型的准确性和实用性。使用该模型后,提高了合金化钢液成分准确度,减少由传统人工经验计算配料造成的成本浪费和成分超标等情况,优化了合金配料方案,降低了炼钢合金化成本,不同钢种铁合金加入总成本降低5.95%～14.74%,平均降幅11.72%。      

《锰铁》国家标准的研究与发展

介绍了我国铁合金行业发展的现状以及存在的问题,通过对《锰铁》国家标准进行修订和完善,使新标准不但适应当前的技术发展要求,同时对淘汰落后产能、综合利用资源、降低生产成本,进行技术进步都具有重要的意义。     

Improved manganese extraction in the production of manganese ferroalloys

In the production of manganese ferroalloys from ore, about 50% of the manganese in the ore is lost. The manganese lost with the enrichment-slag tailings may be returned to the production of manganese ferroalloys by dithionate method of enrichment of the slurries. A technology is developed for the production of high-carbon ferromanganese from concentrate obtained by the chemical enrichment of tailings slurries. Low-phosphorus Mn slag is used in the production of ferrosilicomanganese and refined manganese ferroalloys. A method is described for alloying hot metal with manganese from slag during the production of lowand medium-carbon ferromanganese. Processes are developed for the production of medium-carbon ferromanganese by mixing ore–limestone melt with high-carbon ferromanganese and removing the phosphorus from Mn-bearing melts by bubbling with CO. The degree of phosphorus removal (70–90%) depends on the bubbling time. By means of improved production of manganese ferroalloys and extraction of manganese from slag and slurries, the manganese extraction may be significantly increased.     

Ferroalloy production in Russia

Russian production and demand for ferroalloys are considered. The main ferroalloy producers are noted. The volume of imports and exports and the apparent demand for the main Russian ferroalloys between 1990 and 2014 are detailed. The change in the structure of ferroalloy production, globally and in Russia, is outlined. Priorities for the Russian ferroalloy industry in order to improve global and domestic competitiveness are recommended.     

Manganese extraction from slag obtained in the production of refined manganese ferroalloys

The extraction of manganese from the tailings slag obtained in the production of refined manganese ferroalloys is studied thermodynamically and experimentally. In such extraction, the slag reacts with metal melts (hot metal, ferromanganese, and ferrosilicomanganese) containing reducing elements (carbon and silicon), with the goal of increasing the overall transfer of manganese to the final manganese ferroalloys. According to the results, the reduction of manganese by carbon only occurs in the case of hot metal. A method is developed for alloying hot metal with manganese from tailings slag obtained in the production of refined manganese ferroalloys.