陶瓷机械变频控制无传感器技术转子位置跟踪研究

针对传统异步电机无传感器控制技术在低速时信噪比低、对电机参数敏感,利用逆变器馈电时的电压脉冲信号作为激励信号,电流的瞬态响应作为可反映转子位置信息的寄生效应检测信号,实现了异步电机凸极效应相关的转子位置信息提取.对逆变器的非线性行为所带来的影响也做了探讨.仿真和实验结果验证了所提出方法的正确性和有效性.     

3L电机启动过电流跳车故障的分析与处理

我厂化肥分厂净化车间的两台空气压缩机3L电机为绕线式,型号JR115－6,功率75kW,定子电压380V,电流150A,转子电压114V,电流348A。转子串接频敏电阻启动。1#3L电机运行一直很稳定,而2#3L电机在运行一年后出现启动过电流跳车的故障,实测跳车电流在1000A以上。经检查,电机与控制回路均正常,为此,我们对故障进行如下分析。1原理1．1启动过程见图1。按下QA,XLC线圈得电,XLC主触头闭合,电机转子串接频敏电阻启动,同时SJ时间继电器得电,其常开接点延时闭合（整定时间为电机启动的时间）,经ZJ接通JSC接触器,使其常开触…     

基于ILC&EKF的PM SM转矩脉动最小化方法的仿真研究

提出一种新型的将频域中的迭代学习控制算法(ILC)和扩展卡尔曼滤波器(EKF)相结合来抑制永磁同步电动机(PMSM)转矩脉动的方法。迭代学习算法用来抑制电机运行过程中产生的周期性的转矩脉动。由于在电机终端安装传感器会提高系统的成本、引入噪声等,提出使用扩展卡尔曼滤波器作为观测器来估计系统参数,从电机输出终端根据电机的定转子的电流和电压值准确估计出电机的速度值、转矩值和转子位置角的大小。通过matlab/simulink工具箱仿真结果证明了该方法的可行性和有用性。     

无刷无环启动器在绕线异步电动机上的应用

0 前言 我厂绕线异步(高、低压)电动机200多台,电机启动采用二次串接频敏变阻器、水电阻、油浸变阻器和金属电阻器等方式,以限制电机启动电流过大而增大启动转矩。但由于绕线异步电动机的转子上装有集电环、电刷、刷握、集电板,控制柜中装有交流接     

变频器非正弦供电对异步电机的影响

介绍变频器非正弦供电对异步电机的影响,分析谐波电压和电流对电机磁路、定子和转子功率因数、电机损耗与效率、谐波转矩、电应力、轴电流产生的危害和如何防止。     

液体电阻启动器常见故障及处理

液体电阻启动器是采用特种介质的水溶液作为电阻,在特殊设计的液阻箱中引入极板作电极串入电机转子回路中,电机启动时,由一小功率伺服电机带动极板移动来改变极板的相对位置,使（串入转子回路的）液体电阻由大到小作无级变化,从而使电机低电流平滑启动。它具有启动电流小、启动性能优越、可连续启动、平滑启动、可低压启动,以及结构简单、可靠、操作自动化、安装维护方便等优点。结合笔者的使用和维护经验,现就液体电阻启动器常见故障及处理做一个总结介绍。     

静止式进相器的使用与改造

0前言 静止式进相器是专为大中型绕线式异步电机设计制作,接于电机转子同路的无功功率就地补偿装置.异步电动机正常运行后,静止式进相器采集电机转子电流信号,经微处理器CPU处理后给可控硅晶闸管发出触发信号.由可控硅晶闸管组成的交一交变流器将工频电源变为和电机转子电流同频率的附加电势,加在电机转子回路中,改变转子电流和转子电压的相位关系,通过磁场进而改变电动机定子电流和定子电压的相位关系,减小功率因数角,提高电动机功率因数.     

水泥粉磨主电机启动瞬间故障的处理

水泥粉磨高压电机在启动瞬间出现高速频繁合闸现象，严重威胁其使用寿命。通过对电机启动时定子回路、转子回路中电流变化情况的监测，发现故障原因，针对下位梯形图程序中的不足给予完善。该故障在马达启动过程中应引起高度重视。     

绕线式电机单轴联接故障的成因及预防

水泥厂中，石灰石破碎机、空气压缩机、球磨机等大功率重载启动设备多选用绕线式电机，采用一级或多级频敏变阻器启动。优点是：起动转短大，平稳，起动电流小，对电网冲击小。此类电机常见故障除了有定子单相。过载、绝缘及轴承损坏等形式外，还有一种笼型电机所没有的转子单相（也称“单轴联接”）故障形式。该故障不仅破坏电机正常运行、危害电机安全，还对配电系统产生不良影响。现以MBZ2275球磨机电机（6kV880kW）为例，对此故障机理、危害及预防作简要探讨。1故障机理由理论可知，绕线式电机在正常工况时，转子三相绕组电流产生的旋…     

论软启动器的普及与正确使用

0　前　言电动机在启动时,启动电流达电机额定电流的8倍左右,会造成电网电压突然下降,影响其他电气设备的正常运行;启动时的冲击力矩也会对电机及所联机械设备造成损害,降低其使用寿命。统计表明,电机的频繁启动是导致电机烧毁的主要原因之一。传统的降低电机启动电流的方法是在电机主回路上加自藕变压器、电抗器、或采用星 三角接法,通过降低电机起动电压,达到降低启动电流的目的。但这些设备体积大、重量重,给安装与维护带来不便,且采用这些方法后,电机的启动电流仍在额定电流的6倍以上,仍然存在冲击力矩,没有根本解决启动冲击的问题。并…     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。