螯合性表面活性剂的制备工艺与应用性能（Ⅵ）——由柠檬酸衍生的螯合性表面活性剂

介绍了由柠檬酸衍生的两类螯合性表面活性剂的合成与性能,重点介绍了柠檬酸脂肪醇单酯的合成方法与应用性能。认为:柠檬酸高级脂肪醇单酯不仅两种原料来源于可再生资源,合成工艺技术相对成熟,而且具有优异的螯合能力和表面活性,对人体和环境安全,应用领域广,市场前景好;由柠檬酸、邻苯二甲酸酐与不同相对分子质量聚乙二醇合成的螯合性表面活性剂CPEGP具有优异的螯合能力、乳化能力和分散能力,但起泡能力和泡沫稳定性差,可用作纺织过程的染色助剂。最后,建议以柠檬酸为原料开发其他品种的螯合性表面活性剂,尤其是作为耐盐性表面活性剂,以配制高矿化度油藏所需的驱油剂。     

螯合性表面活性剂的制备工艺与应用性能（Ⅱ）——ED3A蝥合性表面活性剂的合成

以ED3A为亲水基团的螯合性表面活性剂同时具有良好的表面活性和络合金属离子的作用。介绍了N-酰基ED3A和N-烷基ED3A两类螯合性表面活性剂的制备工艺，并对现有各种工艺路线的优缺点做了评述，预计了其工业发展前景，展望了此类螯合性表面活性剂的发展方向。     

螯合性表面活性剂的制备工艺与应用性能（Ⅲ）——N-酰基ED3A的应用性能

主要介绍了N-酰基ED3A螯合性表面活性剂的表面活性、泡沫稳定性、螯合能力、洗涤能力、润湿能力等性能,认为当烷链长度在12~18时,该类表面活性剂同时具备优异的表面活性和螯合性,泡沫稳定性好,尤其在电解质存在下。但该类表面活性剂的表面活性等性能与体系pH有一定的相关性,其螯合能力与表面活性剂的浓度也有相关性。     

螯合性表面活性剂的制备工工艺与应用性能(Ⅲ)——N-酰基ED3A的应用性能

主要介绍了N-酰基ED3A螯合性表面活性剂的表面活性、泡沫稳定性、螯合能力、洗涤能力、润湿能力等性能,认为当烷链长度在12～18时,该类表面活性剂同时具备优异的表面活性和螯合性,泡沫稳定性好,尤其在电解质存在下.但该类表面活性剂的表面活性等性能与体系pH有一定的相关性,其螯合能力与表面活性剂的浓度也有相关性.     

螯合性表面活性剂的制备工艺与应用性能(Ⅱ)——ED3A螯合性表面活性剂的合成

以ED3A为亲水基团的螯合性表面活性剂同时具有良好的表面活性和络合金属离子的作用.介绍了N-酰基ED3A和N-烷基ED3A两类螯合性表面活性剂的制备工艺,并对现有各种工艺路线的优缺点做了评述,预计了其工业发展前景,展望了此类螯合性表面活性剂的发展方向.     

N-酰基乙二胺三乙酸——一种具有螯合性能的表面活性剂(英)

开发出一类新型的具有螯合性能的表面活性剂。其具有很强的表面活性，非常柔和，易生物降解，同时具有抗硬水性、螯合多价金属离子能力。     

螯合性表面活性剂的制备工艺与应用性能(Ⅵ)——由柠檬酸衍生的蝥合性表面活性剂

介绍了由柠檬酸衍生的两类螯合性表面活性剂的合成与性能,重点介绍了柠檬酸脂肪醇单酯的合成方法与应用性能.认为:柠檬酸高级脂肪醇单酯不仅两种原料来源于可再生资源,合成工艺技术相对成熟,而且具有优异的螫合能力和表面活性,对人体和环境安全,应用领域广,市场前景好;由柠檬酸、邻苯二甲酸酐与不同相对分子质量聚乙二醇合成的螫合性表面活性剂CPEGP具有优异的螯合能力、乳化能力和分散能力,但起泡能力和泡沫稳定性差,可用作纺织过程的染色助剂.最后,建议以柠檬酸为原料开发其他品种的螫合性表面活性剂,尤其是作为耐盐性表面活性剂,以配制高矿化度油藏所需的驱油剂.     

螯合性表面活性剂的制备工艺与应用性能(Ⅰ)——早期研究

介绍了螯合性表面活性剂的国内外发展历史和早期研究成果,尤其是不同烷链长度EDTA单烷基酯和EDTA单烷基酰胺与不同种类金属离子生成的金属螯合物的表面活性、乳化能力、分散能力,对螯合性表面活性剂及其金属螯合物的应用提出了新的见解。     

含螯合金属表面活性剂的研究进展

对含螯合金属表面活性剂的结构特征进行了比较和归纳,综述了不同类型含螯合金属表面活性剂的合成路线,并对含螯合金属表面活性剂的表面活性与结构间的关系作了总结,发现含螯合金属表面活性剂具有较高的表面活性,加之该化合物中金属离子的存在,所以可能具有广泛的用途,如作为催化剂等,预示着此类表面活性剂有良好的发展前景.     

洗涤剂工业中的表面活性剂新进展

绿色表面活性剂是近几年洗涤剂工业中的又一个新亮点。烷基多苷以其低刺激性、高泡沫性、良好的配伍性和环境友好性，在洗涤用品中有着美好的应用前景；新一代表面活性剂Gemini的出现，以其优良的钙皂分散性、低cmc、水溶助长性及生物安全性，倍受人们青睐；多功能表面活性剂，兼具表面活性剂和螯合功能物质ED3A、单烷基二苯醚磺酸盐(MADS)和双烷基苯醚磺酸盐(DADS)具有优良的去污力，等显现出广阔的应用前景。     

Evaluation of Some Nonionic Surfactants Derived From Vanillin as Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel During Drilling Processes

Four eco‐friendly nonionic surfactants based on vanillin were investigated as corrosion inhibitors against carbon steel dissolution during the drilling process in the oil field. The corrosion inhibition efficiencies of the tested compounds were determined using weight loss, electrochemical polarization, and electrochemical impedance techniques. The data obtained show that the nonionic surfactants prevent the corrosion of drilling tools and their inhibition efficiency increased with an increase in their concentration. Tafel curves revealed that the surfactants under study act as mixed inhibitors. The adsorption of the inhibitors on carbon steel surface decreases the double‐layer capacitance. The inhibition efficiencies of the surfactants were influenced by their chemical structure and surface activity.     

CORROSION INHIBITION OF STEEL PIPELINES IN OIL WELL FORMATION WATER BY A NEW FAMILY OF NONIONIC SURFACTANTS

A new family of nonionic surfactants was synthesized and evaluated as corrosion inhibitors for steel pipelines in oil well formation water. Polarization data show that the selected surfactants act as mixed-type inhibitors. EIS results show that the change in impedance parameters (R_t and C_dl) with the concentration of the surfactants studied is indicative of the adsorption of surfactant molecules on carbon steel surface, leading to formation of a good protective film. The properties of this film were studied by various surface analysis tools. Finally, the relation between the surface properties of the inhibitor molecules and corrosion inhibition efficiency is discussed.     

Corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in acid chloride solution using ethoxylated fatty alkyl amine surfactants

Four novel non-ionic ethoxylated fatty alkyl amine surfactants (I–IV) were synthesised and investigated as corrosion inhibitors of carbon steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution using gravimetric, open circuit potential and potentiostatic polarisation techniques. The percentage inhibition efficiency (η%) for each inhibitor increased with increasing concentration until the critical micelle concentration (cmc) was reached. The maximum inhibition efficiency approached 95.1% in the presence of 400 ppm of the inhibitor (IV). It was found that the adsorption of the surfactants on carbon steel followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Potentiostatic polarisation data indicated that these surfactants act as mixed type inhibitors. The values of activation energy (E _a*) of carbon steel dissolution in 1 M HCl were calculated in the absence and presence of 400 ppm of each inhibitor. Finally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the surface morphology of polished carbon steel surfaces and those immersed in 1 M HCl in the absence and presence of 400 ppm of inhibitor (IV).     

Inhibitory effect of non-ionic surfactants of the TRITON-X series on the corrosion of carbon steel in sulphuric acid

The corrosion inhibition characteristics of non-ionic surfactants of the TRITON-X series, known as TRITON-X-100 and TRITON-X-405, on stainless steel (SS) type X4Cr13 in sulphuric acid were investigated by potentiodynamic polarisation measurements. It was found that these surfactants act as good inhibitors of the corrosion of stainless steel in 2 mol L⁻¹ H₂SO₄ solution, but the inhibition efficiency strongly depends on the electrode potential. The polarisation data showed that the non-ionic surfactants used in this study acted as mixed-type inhibitors and adsorb on the stainless steel surface, in agreement with the Flory-Huggins adsorption isotherm. Calculated ΔG_ads values are −57.79 kJ mol⁻¹ for TRITON-X-100, and −87.5 kJ mol⁻¹ for TRITON-X-405. From the molecular structure it can be supposed that these surfactants adsorb on the metal surface through two lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen atoms of the hydrophilic head group, suggesting a chemisorption mechanism.     

Effectiveness of some non ionic surfactants as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel pipelines in oil fields

The ability of new synthesized non ionic surfactants (I and II) to protect carbon steel in acid chloride solution was investigated using potentiostatic polarization, open circuit potential, weight loss and surface tension measurements. The experimental results showed that these inhibitors revealed a very good corrosion inhibition even at low concentrations. The percentage inhibition efficiency (η%) increases by increasing the inhibitor concentration until the critical micelle concentration (cmc) is reached. It was found that, the adsorption ability of the surfactant molecules on carbon steel surface increased with the increase of the molecular size of the surfactant. Potentiostatic polarization curves indicate that the inhibitors under investigation act as mixed type. Finally, the mechanism of carbon steel dissolution in acidic medium was discussed both in absence and presence of the inhibitor molecules.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfanilamide-Based Nonionic Surfactants and Evaluation of Their Nano-Vesicular Drug Loading Application

Nonionic surfactants are highly stable and cost-effective and receiving acceptance for applications in many diverse fields including drug delivery, due to their distinctive properties. Here, we report on the synthesis and characterization of sulfanilamide-based nonionic surfactants for nanoscale vesicular drug loading applications. Nonionic surfactants were synthesized through alkylation of sulfanilamide with alkyl halides that possessed diverse degrees of lipophilicity. They were explored for their nanovesicular drug loading with Cefixime as a hydrophobic model drug. Drug-loaded nanovesicles were characterized for surface morphologies, size, size distribution, surface charge, and drug loading efficiency using atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and UV–visible spectrophotometry. All of the synthesized nonionic surfactants revealed their CMC values in 0.055–0.035 mM range depending upon the lipophilic chain length of surfactants. They caused a decreased hemoglobin release and low toxicity against cell culture. They self-assembled and loaded an increased amount of drug in the form of nanorange spherical shape niosomal vesicles. Results of the current study verify these synthesized nonionic surfactants are hemocompatible, nontoxic, and capable of self-assembling into nanorange niosomal vesicles. These niosomal vesicles can be suggested as safe and highly efficient nanocarriers for hydrophobic drug loading and delivery.     

Biological Activities and Syntheses of Steroidal Saponins: the Shark-Repelling Pavoninins

Steroidal saponins are complex compounds that have a steroid attached to a carbohydrate moiety. They are natural surfactants and detergents and exhibit a number of biological effects. Steroidal saponins have shown membrane-permeabilizing, hypocholesterolemic, immunostimulant, and anticancer properties. They have also been found to affect the growth, food intake and reproductive capabilities of animals. Furthermore, they have been shown to act as antiviral and antifungal agents. They have been isolated from many plants and some animals, especially sea cucumbers and starfish. Fish belonging to the species Pardachirus pavoninus excrete a mixture of six steroidal N-acetylglucosaminides, pavoninins 1–6, with shark-repelling properties. We report syntheses of the C-15α pavoninin-4 by both direct synthesis from diosgenin and by remote functionalization. A general solution for the glycosylation of hindered alcohols was developed using glycosyl fluorides as good glycosyl donors. The syntheses of two C-16β structural analogs of OSW-1 are described.     

矿物加工用表面活性剂

作为捕收剂使用的表面活性剂在矿物加工中是最重要的浮选药剂。它们分为含硫表面活性剂和不含硫表面活性剂，分别用于硫化矿和非硫化矿的浮选。本文回顾了表面活性剂在矿物浮选发展中的地位和作用，介绍了表面活性剂在浮选工作中的应用现状以及表面活性剂的性质对其浮选性能的影响。     

Some characteristics of polyoxyethylene sorbitol tetra-oleate: Oligomer type emulsifier

Polyoxyethylene (P) sorbitol tetra-oleates with molecular weights of 2000 to 4000 were synthesized. They may be regarded as tetramers of those ordinary surfactants that consist of one hydrophilic and one hydrophobic group. Some emulsifying properties of the tetrameric surfactants were investigated including the phase inversion temperature (PIT, HLB-temperature). These surfactants are effective at relatively low concentration, they are stable for coalescence, and they are less irritating than conventional surfactants. Specifically, they proved to be good emulsifiers for unsaturated triglycerides such as olive oil. The mean droplet diameter of the emulsion was small, 1.5 microns. The emulsifying activity of these oligomer type surfactants for olive oil was improved markedly by the addition of 0.2–0.9 wt % of sodium oleate. Such effective performances of these surfactants have not been recognized in ordinary surfactants. It is expected that these oligomer type surfactants may find applications in various industrial fields.     

糖基双子型表面活性剂合成的进展

综述了糖类表面活性剂和双子（Gemini）型表面活性剂的优良特性,糖基Gemini表面活性剂是一类含有糖结构单元的新型表面活性剂,具有无毒、易生物降解和表面活性优良等特点,有广阔的应用价值和开发前景。介绍了近年来国际上对糖基Gemini表面活性剂的合成及性能研究的最新进展,同时指出了今后此类表面活性剂的发展方向。