益生菌混合发酵酸豆乳的工艺条件优化

对嗜热链球菌、保加利亚乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌3种菌分别进行驯化处理,使其能够较好地适应100%纯豆乳的发酵环境。再用驯化后的3种菌混种发酵制备酸豆乳,通过单因素和正交试验确定酸豆乳的适宜发酵条件。优化得到酸豆乳的适宜发酵条件为:3种菌配比1∶1∶1、接种量5%、发酵温度40℃、发酵时间5 h。在此条件下,制备得到的发酵酸豆乳的酸度可达98.7°T,黏度为3 875 mPa·s,菌数可达5.63×108CFU/g,且凝乳效果好,无乳清析出,无豆腥味,口感细腻润滑,呈乳白色。     

甜玉米酸奶生产菌株的分离、筛选及驯化

由酸乳中分离出嗜热链球菌、保加利亚乳杆菌经纯化、活化,在不同比例的牛奶和甜玉米浆中进行连续传代驯化,使其逐步适应甜玉米浆的发酵环境。再用驯化后的菌种发酵纯玉米浆,实验表明,驯化后的菌种其发酵的菌数、黏度和酸度均比驯化前有所提高,其中酸度比驯化前提高了8倍,菌数提高了2倍,黏度提高了2．2倍,风味和口感也得到明显的改善。     

酸豆乳发酵菌种的驯化研究

驯化菌种有助于乳酸菌更好适应豆乳的环境,增强乳酸菌活力,从而提高酸豆乳产品质量。采用逐步提高豆浆在牛乳比例、传代驯化以及添加大豆肽酶解液驯化的方法对酸豆乳发酵菌种乳酸菌进行驯化,并以酸度值、驯化乳pH、美兰还原褪色时间以及发酵乳粘度为指标,研究经驯化后乳酸菌在酸豆乳中的活力及生长状态。结果表明,三种驯化方法对乳酸菌在酸豆乳中的生长均有促进作用,且添加大豆肽酶解液的驯化方法效果最佳,驯化后酸度可以达到70°T,美兰褪色时间也由驯化前的不少于200min缩短到40min。     

酸豆奶生产菌种的驯化研究

将保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌在等量的牛奶和豆奶培养液中进行连续传代驯化和复壮，龠春逐步适应豆奶的发酵环境。再用驯化后的菌种制备酸豆奶，可使其菌数达到酸牛奶的水平，酸度比驯化前提高３６％，风味也得到明显改善。     

不同乳酸菌发酵豆乳对面团发酵特性及馒头品质的影响

以大豆为原料，选用从扬州市富春茶社老酵面团中筛选获得的3株乳酸菌为发酵菌，探究了3种单一乳酸菌和复合乳酸菌（1∶1∶1）发酵豆乳对面团发酵特性和馒头品质的影响。结果表明，与单一菌株发酵相比，复配发酵豆乳的酸度和活菌数更高，分别为85.06°T和9.66(lg(CFU/mL)),3株乳酸菌在豆乳中具有良好的共生关系。同时，与对照组相比，添加发酵豆乳显著提高了面团发酵后的有机酸含量和活菌数，其中戊糖乳杆菌203发酵豆乳面团的乳酸含量和活菌数最高，分别为18.57 mg/g和8.94(lg(CFU/g))；而发酵乳杆菌202发酵豆乳面团乙酸含量最高，为3.81 mg/g。与对照组馒头相比，添加发酵豆乳4组馒头的比容、弹性和高径比均显著提高，而硬度和咀嚼性均显著降低，复配组馒头获得了最高的整体可接受度。风味结果显示，在5组馒头中共检测出48种挥发性风味物质，其中复配组馒头的风味物质相对含量和种类最多，分别为71.62%和47种。在4℃储藏4 d后，4组发酵豆乳馒头的水分损失率和回生焓值均显著低于对照组，其中复配组的水分含量最高，为38.53%；回生焓值最小，为1.00 J/g。综上可知，添加发...     

乳酸菌在豆乳中的生长特性及其与酵母菌联合发酵作用

本研究通过分析植物乳杆菌45、植物乳杆菌571、干酪乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌以及联合增香酵母PL09发酵豆乳过程中的酸度、活菌数、电泳图、胞外多糖含量、黏度等的变化,研究不同乳酸菌在豆乳中的生长特性及乳酸菌和酵母菌联合发酵豆乳时的特性。结果表明:植物乳杆菌45和植物乳杆菌571单独发酵豆乳8 h后pH分别达到4.43和4.42,活菌数分别达到3.11×108和2.78×108 CFU/mL,并且总糖含量降低较快;鼠李糖乳杆菌和干酪乳杆菌能够在豆乳中发酵分别产生胞外多糖180.82和174.45 μg/mL;乳酸菌和增香酵母PL09联合用于发酵豆乳时,增香酵母PL09能够促进乳酸菌在豆乳中的产酸能力,并且提高活菌数及产品的黏度,为开发乳酸菌和酵母菌的联合发酵豆乳提供指导。     

提高嗜酸乳杆菌在豆乳中发酵性能的研究

测定了嗜酸乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌发酵豆乳的单菌产酸曲线与混菌产酸曲线,并采用正交实验分析了它们对发酵豆乳的品质影响及与单菌发酵豆乳贮存期质量变化的比较。结果表明,嗜酸乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌是影响酸豆乳质量的主要因素,嗜热链球菌次之。按体积分数为2.2%嗜酸乳杆菌、体积分数为3.0%保加利亚乳杆菌、体积分数为1.8%嗜热链球菌配比共同发酵,可得到组织状态、口感风味较好的酸豆乳,克服了单一嗜酸乳杆菌发酵豆乳产酸慢、凝乳时间长、活菌数不高且贮存期活菌数下降快的缺陷。     

鼠李糖乳杆菌发酵豆乳贮藏稳定性及菌体肠道耐受性分析

研究了鼠李糖乳杆菌纯种发酵豆乳在-20,4,7℃和25℃条件下贮藏28 d的产品稳定性。定期测量不同温度下发酵豆乳的p H值、滴定酸度和活菌数,并对发酵豆乳进行感官品评。结果表明:发酵豆乳产品在低温(-20,4,7℃)条件下贮藏18 d,活菌数含量仍在3.8×10~8CFU/m L以上,p H值降至4.64,豆乳质地细腻,无乳清析出,由此确定发酵产品低温贮藏期为18 d;发酵豆乳室温(25℃)贮藏8 d,活菌数达9.8×10~8CFU/m L,pH值降至4.2,豆乳质地细腻,无乳清析出,确定发酵产品室温贮藏期为8 d。此外,研究了发酵豆乳中鼠李糖乳杆菌在不同浓度的胆汁和人工消化液中的耐受性。分别在0,0.1%,0.2%,0.3%的胆盐溶液中处理3 h,鼠李糖乳杆菌活菌数均维持在10~6CFU/m L以上。在人工肠液中处理24 h后活菌数仍在10~6 CFU/m L。本试验为鼠李糖乳杆菌纯种发酵豆乳产品安全贮藏以及菌体对肠道的耐受性研究提供了理论依据。     

6 株乳酸菌在豆乳中的发酵特性

以干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus casei）、短乳杆菌（L. brevis）、嗜酸乳杆菌（L. acidophilus）、植物乳杆菌（L. plantarum）、鼠李糖乳杆菌（L. rhamnosus）和保加利亚乳杆菌（L. bulgaricus）分别发酵豆乳,测定发酵期间pH值、滴定酸度、游离氨基氮,发酵结束后的活菌数和质构参数,并且对所得产品进行感官评价。结果表明：发酵过程中前5 株菌发酵豆乳的pH值显著下降,而L. bulgaricus下降缓慢,发酵24 h pH值仅为5.2。这6 株菌发酵产品的活菌数均达到1.0×108 CFU/mL以上。结果表明L. casei、L. brevis、L. acidophilus和L. plantarum发酵得到的产品的坚实度、稠度、黏度、黏附性指数均较高,感官评定结果表明这4 株菌发酵豆乳产品得分均较高,容易被消费者接受,适合用于生产发酵豆乳产品。     

植物乳杆菌ST-Ⅲ在豆乳中的发酵特性及发酵豆乳的贮藏稳定性

通过测定植物乳杆菌ST-Ⅲ在发酵豆乳过程中的生长曲线、酸化曲线、蛋白水解能力和豆乳表观黏度、终产品感官分值,以及发酵豆乳在不同贮藏温度下植物乳杆菌ST-Ⅲ菌数、pH值、持水力和感官变化,研究植物乳杆菌ST-Ⅲ在豆乳中的发酵特性和发酵豆乳产品的贮藏稳定性。结果显示,植物乳杆菌ST-Ⅲ在豆乳中生长良好,到达发酵终点时的菌数为6.1×108 CFU/mL(对数值为8.78),表观黏度可达0.24Pa·s,感官品质较佳;发酵豆乳在低温(4℃)条件下各指标变化差异较小,贮藏稳定性明显优于常温(25℃)时。表明植物乳杆菌ST-Ⅲ具有发酵豆乳制品的优势与潜力。     

双蛋白干酪发酵剂的筛选及发酵特性研究

为了研究不同发酵剂对牛乳或豆乳的发酵特性,对6株乳酸菌在发酵过程中的酸度、pH、胞外多糖、黏度、游离氨基氮、双乙酰等指标进行了测定。结果表明:在牛乳中,XZ3303的产酸能力最强,QH27-1滴定酸度最高;在豆乳中,QH48-3-2滴定酸度最高,并且在豆乳中的酸度明显高于牛乳。乳酸菌在豆乳中的黏度值都明显高于牛乳,并且豆乳中的黏度变化曲线有二次产黏的现象,有利于发酵乳口感的改善。XZ3303、XZ10303、QH27-1、QH48-3-2发酵乳产双乙酰能力较强;XZ3303和QH27-1产胞外多糖的能力明显高于其他菌株。通过感官分析并结合理化指标综合考虑,选择了在豆乳和牛乳中都能优势生长的L.Lactis subsp.Cremoris QH27-1和L.Lactis subsp.Lactis XZ33032株乳酸菌作为制作双蛋白干酪的发酵剂。     

发酵桃汁风味型酸豆奶的生产工艺

用等量的牛乳和豆乳培养基对市售酸奶制品中分离得到的保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌加以驯化,可以提高其在豆奶环境中的产酸和繁殖能力。通过正交试验等方法探讨了发酵剂、酸豆乳主要加工工艺、发酵条件对酸豆乳质量的影响。     

Antioxidative activities of soymilk fermented with lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria

To further the goal of developing a probiotic dietary adjunct using soymilk, soymilk is fermented with lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus CCRC 14079 or Streptococcus thermophilus CCRC 14085) and bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium infantis CCRC 14633 or Bifidobacterium longum B6) individually, and in conjunction. We investigate several antioxidative activities including the inhibition of ascorbate autoxidation, the scavenging effect of superoxide anion radicals and hydrogen peroxide, and the reducing activity exerted by different varieties of fermented soymilks. In addition, the effect of spray-drying and freeze-drying on changes in antioxidative activity is examined. We find that in fermented soymilk both the inhibition of ascorbate autoxidation, and the reducing activity and scavenging effect of superoxide anion radicals varied with the starters used, but nevertheless are significantly higher than those found in unfermented soymilk. In general, antioxidative activity in soymilk fermented with lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria simultaneously is significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that fermented with either individually. Moreover, antioxidative activity increases as the fermentation period is extended. However, unfermented soymilk shows an H2O2-scavenging effect, while there is no scavenging effect except for the accumulation of H2O2 in fermented soymilk. Finally, we find that freeze-drying causes a significantly lesser (P < 0.05) reduction in the antioxidative activity of soymilk than does spray-drying. Irrespective of the drying method and the starters used for fermentation. The antioxidative activity of fermented soymilk reduces after drying yet remains higher than that of dried unfermented soymilk.     

Estimation of sugars in milk by HPLC and its application in detection of adulteration of milk with soymilk

A high-performance liquid chromatography method is described for the detection of adulteration of milk with soymilk, based on separation of sugars on NH₂ column and their detection by refractive index detector. Sugars were extracted with 20% acetonitrile in the presence of Carrez solutions and quantified. Recovery of added raffinose to soymilk was 96.3%. Owing to relative high concentration of lactose in milk or adulterated milk, lactose peak was very broad and spread to retention time corresponding to sucrose and raffinose. However, stachyose peak remained well separated. Presence of stachyose peak in milk can be used for the detection of adulteration of milk with soymilk and the method can detect upto 5% soymilk in milk.     

酸豆乳发酵工艺条件的优化

以新鲜大豆和成品牛乳为原料,研究了发酵工艺对酸豆乳酸度、黏度和乳酸菌活力等指标的影响。结果显示,以传统酸奶发酵剂乳酸菌为菌种,大豆浆液为主要原料,经发酵获得酸豆乳工艺可行。在单因素实验的基础上,经正交实验确定酸豆乳发酵的最佳工艺条件为:豆浆和牛奶体积比为5∶5,发酵9 h,按0.5 g/L发酵液添加驯化后乳酸菌液作为发酵剂,经发酵得到的产品酸度达到70°T以上,黏度2025 mPa.s,凝乳性较好,美兰褪色时间为50 min,乳酸菌活力提高,无豆腥味。     

Nutritional Value of Protein from a Soybean Milk Powder

SUMMARY— Soybean milk powder was prepared from de-hulled soybeans by standard milk plant equipment. The product was tested biologically in young growing rats. When soymilk or skim milk combined with different amounts of corn starch to give a range of dietary protein levels was fed to rats, the nutritive value of the vegetable milk compared favorably with that of animal milk at the highest level of protein intake. The growth response was generally less with soymilk at low protein levels and this could be corrected by supplementation with methionine. Mixing cow's milk and soymilk in different proportions did not improve significantly the nutritional value of the protein, although such mixtures might have advantages for palatability, industrial feasibility, or consumer acceptability.     

Effect of partial substitution of cow's milk with soymilk on yield and quality attributes of West African soft cheese

Warankasi , a soft unripened cheese, was made from milk containing up to 20% soymilk. The best cheeses were obtained from soymilk prepared by grinding in boiling water soybeans that had been preheated by dipping in hot water, 95–100°C, for 15–20 sec. Cheeses containing soymilk were comparable with controls made from whole cow's milk in yield, nitrogen and fat content, and flavour. Cheeses with up to 10% soymilk had a slight brownish colour, but overall acceptability was not impaired, relative to controls. Cheeses with 20% soymilk were acceptable although inferior to controls.