Biomass estimation and uncertainty analysis based on CBERS-02 CCD camera data and field measurement

The study site is located in Qianyanzhou experimental station and the surrounding area. Based on CBERS-02 satellite data and field measurement, we not only discussed the relationship between NDVI and biomass of two species of coniferous plantations, namely,Pinus massoniana Lamb andPinus elliottii Engelm, but also introduced the biomass models based on NDVI. The comparison between measured biomass in Qianyanzhou and biomass derived from CBERS-02 CCD data showed that it is feasible to estimate biomass based on NDVI. But its limitations cannot be ignored. This kind of model depends on the dominant vegetation species. There are some effect factors in estimating biomass based on NDVI. This paper analyzes these factors based on fine-resolution CBERS-02 CCD data and some conclusions are drawn: In Qianyanzhou, the area with good vegetation coverage, the nonlinearity of NDVI has little influence on scaling-up of NDVI. As a result of surface heterogeneity, scaling-up can cause NDVI within each pixel to change. Because scaling-up can cause pixel attribute to change, the applicability of biomass model is one of the sources of error in estimating biomass.     

Cotton pixel identification with CBERS-02 CCD data based on spectral knowledge

CBERS-02 has three sensors, Charged Coupled Device (CCD), Infrared Multispectral Scanner (IRMSS) and Wide Field Imager (WFI). Similar to Landsat TM, CCD has 4 visible and near-infrared bands and one panchromatic band. The wavelength ranges are respectively 0.45-0.52 μm, 0.52-0.59 μm, 0.63-0.69 μm, 0.77-0.89 μm and 0.51 -0.73 μm. The spatial resolution is 19.5 m. CBERS-02 has three ground stations in Beijing, Guangzhou and Urumchi, which makes it cover the whole territory. …     

Cotton pixel identification with CBERS-02 CCD data based on spectral knowledge

In this paper thein-situ experiment data are collected from the Spectral Library to estimate the possible values of the primary structural parameters in each cotton growing season by statistics. Based on these values the spectra of the cotton major growing seasons were simulated and analyzed using the canopy reflectance model, SAILH. In this way we also simulated the cotton pixel spectra corresponding to CBERS-02 CCD and took them as the reference spectra for spectra fitting. Then No. 143 Regiment of No. 8 Agricultural Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (XPCC) was chosen as the study area, and two spectra fitting methods, Mahalanobis distance and spectra angle, were used to identify cotton pixel from CBERS-02 CCD image of the study area. At last we analyzed the effect of the calibration coefficients error on cotton identifying. The results showed that within 4% error the spectral angle classifier can still have a good performance.     

The primary results of quantitative ocean color retrieval in China coastal area with CBERS CCD data

The quantitative retrieval of water constituents of coastal waters is one of the hot top- ics and a hard task in the field of ocean color sensing. As the spatial and temporal varia- tions of the water constituents in coastal or inland waters (Case-II waters) are very fast, its monitoring requires high spatial and temporal resolution sensors. So far, the require- ment has not been satisfied yet. The spatial resolution of the ocean color specific sensors is much coarser than that of the land re…     

Water target based cross-calibration of CBERS-02 CCD camera with MODIS data

In order to make quantitative watercolor sensing with China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite (CBERS-02) CCD camera, the MODIS data with higher accuracy is used to cross-calibrate the CCD camera over water targets. In homogeneous clear water area, two pairs of images obtained over the same area on the same day by the two sensors are selected. The top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiances of the multispectral bands of CCD are calculated with the water and aerosol parameters from MODIS based on a water-atmosphere radiative transfer algorithm. The stripes in CCD image that caused by unequal response of the CCD array detectors are firstly removed before making the cross-calibration. The same part of CCD detectors is selected for the calibrations in the two images to eliminate the residual error of destriping and uniformity correction for the focus plane irradiance. It is shown that the calibration results from two different images are consistent. The error of this method is about 5%.     

Water target based cross-calibration of CBERS-02 CCD camera with MODIS data

The CBERS-02, the second satellite of China Brazil Earth Resources Satellite series, was launched on Oct. 21, 2002. Onboard the satellite, there are three major sensors, a CCD camera, a wide field imager and an infrared multispectral scanner (http://www. cresda.com). The purpose of this paper is to calibrate the CCD camera with a methodol- ogy of cross-calibration. The spatial resolution of the multispectal bands of CCD camera is 19.5 m, the swath is about 115 km. It is capable of side…     

The primary results of quantitative ocean color retrieval in China coastal area with CBERS CCD data

Using the techniques of quantitative ocean color sensing, the in-water ocean color algorithms for sediment and chlorophyll-a retrieval are established for CBERS-02 CCD broad spectral bands based onin situ data. The remote sensing reflectance of water is derived from CCD radiance data by a clear water atmospheric correction algorithm. Then, the sediment and chlorophyll-a concentrations are retrieved from CCD image. The sediment retrieval is quite satisfactory, but the chlorophyll-a retrieval is not so good because of the broadband width and low signal-to-noise ratio of the CCD camera.     

Study on the relative radiometric correction of CBERS satellite CCD image

China-Brazial Earth Resources Satellite (CBERS)-01 is the first remote sensing re- source satellite of data transfer type manufactured by China and Brazil, which is full of the wisdom and sweat from both countries’ aerospace communities and is regarded as a model of the cooperation between developing countries in high-tech area. CBERS-01 was launched in October of 1999 and went into normal operation after on-orbit test inMarch of 2000. This brought an end to the history that China coul…     

Estimating surface evapotranspiration using combined MODIS and CBERS-02 data

Land surface evapotranspiration is one of the most important components in water cycle between earth and atmosphere, and plays a very important role in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere of the planet. It is an urgent task to understand the evapotranspiration process over different surface types and conditions in agriculture, hydrogeology, forest, and ecology for the purpose of using water resources properly. Additionally, land surface evapotranspiration is a key parameter in the synop…     

Study on the relative radiometric correction of CBERS satellite CCD image

The main payload on CBERS-01/02 of China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite (CBERS) is a push-broom CCD camera with moderate spatial and radiant resolution. Because at lab the data for calibration at satellite assembly stage were unable to be collected, and also because the onboard calibrator after launch was in a different state from imaging, the calibration of CCD image got a series of difficulties involved. In practice, two methods are used in the processing on the ground station: One is extracting calibration data by statistics from the image itself, and the other is the method of histogram match. It was proved that the latter can calibrate the image much better, because it can remove the effect of unstable response of the camera largely and also can overcome the nonlinearity of the camera basically by using Look-Up Table (LUT) calculated from histogram statistics of different temporal images. Considering the problems of CBERS-01, a lot of calibration tests were done before the launch of CBERS-02, in which a set of lab coefficients for relative calibration was formulated after the data collection by using integration-hemisphere in the stage of satellite assembly test. During the on-orbit test, it was found that the calibration result from such coefficients was not satisfying, especially there being response difference between 3 detector arrays, which was attributed to the unstable dark currents of the CCD camera. This paper comes up with a statistic method to remove such response difference. In this method the middle detector array was used as reference to find the response differences of adjacent similar features between these arrays and it was proved to have a broad adaptability.     

Estimating surface evapotranspiration using combined MODIS and CBERS-02 data

Spatial scale error is one of the most serious problems in the estimates of land surface heat fluxes of sensible and latent from satellite-borne data such as MODIS 1km resolution reflectance and emissive data. One of the feasible and economic ways to decrease the spatial scale error is to use high resolution land use class data together with the MODIS data. CBERS-02 data were used to produce land use class of Baiyangdian area, Hebei Province, China in the autumn of 2004. The area ratio of each class in MODIS pixel was calculated, and used to derive the heat fluxes of the mixed pixel. The results showed that the estimated heat fluxes of soil, sensible and latent have been changed remarkably after using the high resolution land class data. It could be concluded from the comparison between simulated and ground-measured fluxes as well as the theoretical analysis that high resolution land class data are useful to diminishing the scale error of heat fluxes estimated from low resolution satellite data.

     

鄱阳湖区植被覆盖度的遥感估算

植被覆盖度是一个十分重要的生态学参数,其对于全球环境变化和监测研究具有重要意义.为了有效地从遥感资料中提取植被覆盖度,在像元二分模型两个重要参数推导的基础上,对已有模型进行了改进,建立了用归一化植被指数(NDVI)估算植被覆盖度的模型.运用该模型对鄱阳湖区2003年的植被覆盖度进行了估算,通过鄱阳湖部分地区的实地考察,对2003年的植被覆盖度估算结果进行了验证,结果表明使用此改进模型进行植被覆盖度遥感监测是有效可行的.     

Radiometric cross-calibration of the CBERS-02 CCD camera with the TERRA MODIS

For the application of the CCD camera, the most important payload on CBERS-02, the key is to provide long-term stable radiometric calibration coefficients. Although the vicarious calibration had been proved successful, it had its limitations such as test site requirement and unsuitable for historical data. Cross-calibration is one of the alternative methods, but it needs synchro surface spectrum to achieve spectral band matching factors. Our effort is to probe the influences on these factors. Simulations with a lot of surface spectrum showed that the factors changed with the viewing geometry, atmospheric condition and surface targets. However, simulating with the same viewing geometry and atmospheric condition, the spectral band matching factors of the same or similar surface targets, spectrum acquired from different dates and different places would like to be consistent to each other within 1%–5%. Thus, the synchro measurement data can be substituted by the same or similar target from other source. Based on this method, using the MODIS as the reference, the cross-calibration was performed for CCD camera. The research demonstrated that the traditional method with single calibration site was inappropriate for CCD camera, since the offsets for its four spectral bands were not zeros. With four calibration sites, these offsets were obtained. And the camera was detected to degrade with dates based on four times of cross-calibrations.     

In flight MTF monitoring and compensation for CCD camera on CBERS-02

In this article, the approach of simulating ideal tarp scene was proposed to determine the MTF for CCD camera on CBERS-02. The MTF acquired from this technique was compared to those from some common methods. MTFs achieved from different approaches were employed to compensate the CCD images based on three restoration algorithms: the iterative method, the Wiener filter and the modified inverse filter (MIF). The two-dimensional MTF was established with the value at frequency 0.5 for 45° directional MTF as the value at its four corners. This article addressed the variations of the restored CCD images with different techniques of constructing two-dimensional MTF, restoring algorithms and determining the in-flight MTFs. Results showed images restored with the MTF determined from the technique of simulating ideal tarp scene represent the real scene best. And the restoration technique based on the MIF would produce better restored images than the other two techniques. This research also demonstrated that the two-dimensional MTF used for restoration should be interpolated under the control of the MTF for 45° axis, rather than by multiplying the cross-orbit MTF with along-orbit MTF.     

漓江流域沿岸风光带植被覆盖度的遥感动态监测与估算

以1990、2008年TM影像和2001年ETM＋影像为数据源,研究漓江精华段沿岸风光带植被覆盖度的动态变化规律,采用归一化植被指数（NDVI）像元二分模型,半定量估算了研究区的植被覆盖度,生成了不同时相的植被覆盖度等级图及面积转移矩阵,并结合植被覆盖度的监测结果对研究区植被覆盖度的变化趋势进行建模分析.结果表明,研究区1990、2001和2008年均以高植被覆盖度等级为主,估算的面积分别为207.058、216.538和232.795 km2.1990-2008年间,研究区内植被覆盖度稳定不变的区域占总面积的44.887％,减少和增加的区域分别占总面积的22.077％和33.036％,说明植被覆盖度总体上呈现增加的趋势;结合1990-2001年和2001-2008年的变化分析结果,植被覆盖度变化趋势是先略微增加,后显著增加,与植被覆盖度均值走势一致,从定量遥感的角度证明了漓江精华段沿岸风光带的绿色生态环境得到了快速的改善.     

漓江流域近15年遥感植被覆盖度f_(veg)变化特征

为研究漓江流域近15年植被覆盖度变化情况,以1991、2000、2006年3个时相的TM/ETM+影像为基础,采用基于归一化植被指数(NDVI)的像元二分模型对漓江流域植被覆盖度进行估算,分析了植被覆盖度时空变化特征;结合研究区地质数据,进一步分析地质条件对植被覆盖度的影响。结果表明:①受气候和人类活动的影响,1991—2000年漓江流域植被覆盖度有所增加,表现为高和较高植被覆盖区面积增加,中度、较低和低植被覆盖区面积减少;2000—2006年漓江流域植被覆盖度略有降低,表现为高植被覆盖区面积减少,较高和中度植被覆盖区增加,较低和低植被覆盖区面积减少;②由于地质条件的影响,非岩溶区的平均植被覆盖度高于岩溶区,两者的变化趋势与流域整体变化基本一致;③从空间分布上看,1991—2006年漓江流域植被覆盖度的变化较显著。     

抗晕光面阵CCD图像传感器及抗晕光方法的实现

为了解决面阵CCD(Charge-Coupled Device)图像传感器由于动态范围有限而在强光照射下发生晕光的问题,基于DL32面阵CCD图像传感器原有结构,通过增加像敏单元寻址电路和积分时间脉冲产生电路,使得所有像敏单元积分时间均可独立设定.利用DSPs(Dig-ital Signal Processor)TMS320C6713对面阵CCD图像传感器每个像敏单元输出的亮度值进行实时监测,通过地址及数据总线控制改进型面阵CCD图像传感器,缩小该像敏单元的光积分时间.经过MATLAB算法仿真,像敏单元晕光现象已彻底消除.     

单线阵CCD系统的表面凹坑缺陷检测方法

为解决表面凹坑缺陷与其他平面表面缺陷同时在线检测的问题,提出一种基于单线阵CCD系统进行表面凹坑缺陷检测的方法．根据光辐射照射模型和相机成像模型,建立了基于单线阵CCD的凹坑检测数学模型,由模型推导出图像像素灰度与凹坑深度的关系,利用特定光源和光照角度的关系,进行表面凹坑缺陷的检测．结果表明,由于凹坑边缘部位深度的渐变引起CCD输出电压信号的渐变,凹坑图像呈现边缘像素灰度渐变现象,且随光源光照角度的降低,凹坑图像特征更加突出．边缘灰度渐变的图像特征成为凹坑缺陷与其他平面缺陷相区别的重要特征,有利于凹坑缺陷的检测与识别．     

基于MODIS数据的锡林郭勒草原植被覆盖变化及驱动因子分析

防治荒漠化管理往往需要掌握人类因素对植被生长动态影响的关键数据,气候变化背景下的干旱半干旱地区草原植被覆盖多属于缓慢量变,这种变化很难通过土地利用/覆盖类型的转换来分析.旨在掌握2001—2014年内蒙古锡林郭勒草原植被覆盖变化时空特征,定量掌握关键区域气候因子与植被的动态关联关系,进而分离和评估气候和人类因素对区域植被覆盖变化的贡献.结果表明:研究区植被覆盖2001—2014年总体呈增加趋势,年内最大的归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)每年增幅为0.001 8;气温和降水对锡林郭勒草原植被变化均有显著作用,两者共同驱动的NDVI预测模型决定系数(R2=0.65)大于气温(R2=0.46)或降水(R2=0.54)单要素驱动的结果;气候和人类因素对区域植被覆盖增长总体均呈现积极的作用,人类因素特别是生态治理保护措施对草原植被覆盖的贡献远大于气候因素变化.耦合遥感数据的植被变化驱动力分析方法,有助于提高干旱半干旱地区人地相互作用的定量评估能力,为防治荒漠化工作提供重要科学数据支撑.     

Monitoring urban land cover and vegetation change by multi-temporal remote sensing information

In order to analyze changes in human settlement in Xuzhou city during the past 20 years,changes in land cover and vegetation were investigated based on multi-temporal remote sensing Landsat TM images.We developed a hierarchical classifier system that uses different feature inputs for specific classes and conducted a classification post-processing approach to improve its accuracy.From our statistical analysis of changes in urban land cover from 1987 to 2007,we conclude that built-up land areas have obviously increased,while farmland has seen in a continuous loss due to urban growth and human activities.A NDVI difference approach was used to extract information on changes in vegetation.A false change information elimination approach was developed based on prior knowledge and statistical analysis.The areas of vegetation cover have been in continuous decline over the past 20years,although some measures have been adopted to protect and maintain urban vegetation.Given the stability of underground coal exploitation since 1990s,urban growth has become the major driving force in vegetation loss,which is different from the vegetation change driven by coal exploitation mainly before 1990.