钙钛矿太阳能电池稳定性研究进展及模组产业化趋势

有机无机杂化钙钛矿材料具有优异的光电特性，在光伏、显示和传感领域均获得了广泛关注。近年来，钙钛矿太阳能电池技术发展迅速，在效率提升和面积放大方面不断取得突破，但钙钛矿材料和器件的稳定性问题一直没能得到根本性的解决，严重制约了钙钛矿光伏器件的实用性能及商业化推广进程。钙钛矿太阳能电池的不稳定性来源于器件中钙钛矿层、电荷传输材料和电极材料的失效，失效原因主要包括光照、水分、温度和氧气等环境因素，因此深入理解各因素对钙钛矿太阳能电池稳定性的作用机理至关重要。此外，与晶硅和其他薄膜电池相比，钙钛矿太阳能电池在材料性能、器件结构等方面都有较大差别。目前晶硅电池和其他薄膜电池的稳定性评价方法和测试手段对钙钛矿太阳能电池不能完全适用，为了使不同机构间钙钛矿太阳能电池稳定性的测试结果可以对比，需要统一稳定性测试标准。本文总结了钙钛矿材料及光伏器件稳定性的影响因素，剖析了光照、水分、温度和氧气等环境因素对钙钛矿器件稳定性的作用机理，并对提升钙钛矿太阳能电池稳定性的方法进行了综述。最后分析了钙钛矿太阳能电池稳定性的评价方法和测试手段，并对钙钛矿太阳能电池的未来发展方向进行了预测，以期为钙钛矿太阳能电池商业...     

非晶硅叠层太阳能电池的现状与发展方向

对非晶硅叠层太阳能电池的现状及发展动态进行了经述。分析了目前阻碍非晶硅太阳能电池进一步发展和应用的制约因素，提取了非晶硅叠层太阳能电池是今后进一步开发非晶硅太阳能电池的重要方向。介绍了美国Ｓｏｌａｒｅｘ公司的４平方英尺和８平方英尺叠层非晶硅太阳能电池的生产线及其工艺，并就低成本大批量生产具有较高稳定性的叠层太阳能电池的关键技术如选择和制备优质底电池的ｉ层材料，提高生产率等进行了讨论。     

基于有机金属卤化物钙钛矿材料的全固态太阳能电池研究进展

作为太阳能电池的光吸收剂,有机金属卤化物钙钛矿材料不仅具有高效的光吸收能力和载流子迁移率,还具有独特的双极性特征,能同时传输电子和空穴,使其成为优异的光伏材料,掀起了基于钙钛矿材料太阳能电池的研究热潮。介绍了近几年来基于有机金属卤化物钙钛矿材料的全固态太阳能电池的发展情况,总结了有机金属卤化物钙钛矿材料的结构和特性,对目前几类典型的钙钛矿太阳能电池进行了讨论,并展望了全固态钙钛矿太阳能电池的产业化应用前景。     

我科学家首创出新型太阳能电池

日前，厦门大学物理与机电工程学院康俊勇教授课题组研发成功一种新型太阳能电池，即将氧化锌和硒化锌两种宽带隙半导体材料用作太阳能电池，从而大大稳定了太阳能电池的性能并使其寿命延长。这也是国际上首次实现了宽带隙半导体在太阳能电池中的应用。近期，     

染料敏化太阳能电池及TiO2基光阳极的研究进展

随着人们对于能源需求量的增加，染料敏化太阳能电池作为一种清洁的能量收集装置得到广泛研究。染料敏化太阳能电池是通过染料来获得光电子，利用自身的氧化还原产生电流，但由于光阳极材料的比表面积和电子传输速率提升困难等因素，在实际应用中受到限制。总结了染料敏化太阳能电池的结构和工作原理和研究进展，对它们的优缺点进行分析，提出染料敏化太阳能电池发展中存在的问题和挑战，并对染料敏化太阳能电池光阳极的趋势进行了展望。     

国内外硅材料的最新发展

2005年以来，全球太阳能电池产业迅猛发展，使世界硅材料的市场发生了根本的变化，全世界每年的半导体级多晶硅与太阳能电池消耗的多晶硅从2005年以前2：1的比例变为1：1，甚至太阳能电池消耗的多晶硅有超过半导体级多晶硅材料的趋势。由于传统应用领域半导体需求正在稳步增长，同时太阳能电池的需求在急剧增长，多晶硅材料出现了巨大的缺口。     

硅基太阳能电池与材料

综述了近年来国内外硅基太阳能电池及其材料的研究和发展现状；探讨了硅材料的制备工艺与材料的性能，以及采用它们所生产电池的优势与不足；并展望了硅基太阳能电池的发展趋势。     

空穴传输材料在高效钙钛矿太阳能电池中的发展演变

钙钛矿太阳能电池(PSCs)转换效率已从2009年的3.8%上升到2017年的22.7%,其快速的发展可能使光伏工业进入革命新阶段。空穴传输材料(HTM)是构成高效钙钛矿太阳能电池的重要组成部分,开发和设计导电性好、成本低、稳定性好的空穴传输层材料对钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究显得非常重要。本文将近几年应用于钙钛矿太阳能电池中较高效的空穴传输材料归纳为有机小分子类、有机聚合物类和无机材料类,同时也介绍了无空穴传输层的钙钛矿电池。详细评述了基于各类空穴传输材料的钙钛矿太阳能电池的光电性能及稳定性,重点讨论了HOMO能级、空穴迁移率、添加剂的掺杂等因素对钙钛矿太阳能电池的影响。最后指出了空穴传输材料未来的研究重点和发展趋势。     

太阳能电池背板的进展

首先对太阳能电池背板的生产厂家情况进行了汇总,同时对太阳能电池背板的各种结构和优缺点进行了介绍,着重分析了背板中氟材料的性质,同时指出了太阳能电池背板尚存在的问题,提出了太阳能电池背板的改进方向,并探讨了太阳能电池背板的发展前景。     

氟材料在有机太阳能电池中的应用

有机太阳能电池具有成本低、质量轻、柔韧性好等优点,提高有机太阳能电池的光电转化率和降低成本,开发新型的有机太阳能电池材料一直是研究的重点。文中简要介绍了有机太阳能电池的特点、工作原理及发展趋势,提出了含氟共轭聚合物在有机太阳能电池给体材料中的研究,重点讨论了含氟苯并噻二唑,含氟苯并三唑及1,5-并噻吩衍生物的研究。同时,讨论了含氟物质在界面修饰材料中的应用。最后,对含氟共轭聚合物在有机太阳能电池未来的发展做出了展望。     

CuIn1 − xGaxSe2 photovoltaic devices for tandem solar cell application

CuIn_1 − xGa_xSe₂ (CIGS) solar cells show a good spectral response in a wide range of the solar spectrum and the bandgap of CIGS can be adjusted from 1.0 eV to 1.7 eV by increasing the gallium-to-indium ratio of the absorber. While the bandgaps of Ga-rich CIGS or CGS devices make them suitable for top or intermediate cells, the In rich CIGS or CIS devices are well suited to be used as bottom cells in tandem solar cells. The photocurrent can be adapted to the desired value for current matching in tandem cells by changing the composition of CIGS which influences the absorption characteristics. Therefore, CIGS layers with different [Ga]/[In + Ga] ratios were grown on Mo and ZnO:Al coated glass substrates. The grain size, composition of the layers, and morphology strongly depend on the Ga content. Layers with Ga rich composition exhibit smaller grain size and poor photovoltaic performance. The current densities of CIGS solar cells on ZnO:Al/glass varied from 29 mA cm^− 2 to 13 mA cm^− 2 depending on the Ga content, and 13.5% efficient cells were achieved using a low temperature process (450 °C). However, Ga-rich solar cells exhibit lower transmission than dye sensitized solar cells (DSC). Prospects of tandem solar cells combining a DSC with CIGS are presented.     

Carbon nanotube films by filtration for nanotube-silicon heterojunction solar cells

Carbon nanotube films with high nanotube loading were prepared using a vacuum filtration method and their photovoltaic properties as semi-transparent conducting electrodes in nanotube-silicon heterojunction solar cells were investigated. The correlation between the power conversion efficiency of the solar cells and the figure of merit (FM) of the films were obtained. The maximum efficiencies (up to 1.5%) were found for those cells using the films with highest FMs and transmittances. For comparison, the photovoltaic performance of a self-assembled nanotube thin film of high transmittance (91%) was tested and the corresponding solar cell showed a conversion efficiency of ∼4%. This work provides guidance for future improvement on the photovoltaic properties of nanotube films as window electrode materials.     

太阳能电池制备工艺理论研究

太阳能是一种取之不尽、用之不竭的可再生清洁能源,对太阳能电池的研究与开发也变得日益重要;但是太阳能电池的转化效率低,制备工艺复杂,使得成本一直居高不下,远不能达到大规模应用的要求。本文在现有的材料,电池结构和生产工艺的基础上,研究其转化效率不高的影响因素,进而提出优化方案。     

Large-area SnO2: F thin films by offline APCVD

In this paper, we reported the successful preparation of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) thin films on large-area glass substrates (1245 mm × 635 mm × 3 mm) by self-designed offline atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) process. The FTO thin films were achieved through a combinatorial chemistry approach using tin tetrachloride, water and oxygen as precursors and Freon (F-152, C2H4F2) as dopant. The deposited films were characterized for crystallinity, morphology (roughness) and sheet resistance to aid optimization of materials suitable for solar cells. We got the FTO thin films with sheet resistance 8-11 Ω/□ and direct transmittance more than 83%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization suggested that the as-prepared FTO films were composed of multicrystal, with the average crystal size 200-300 nm and good crystallinity. Further more, the field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images showed that the films were produced with good surface morphology (haze). Selected samples were used for manufacturing tandem amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin film solar cells and modules by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Compared with commercially available FTO thin films coated by online chemical vapor deposition, our FTO coatings show excellent performance resulting in a high quantum efficiency yield for a-Si:H solar cells and ideal open voltage and short circuit current for a-Si:H solar modules.     

高效染料纳米晶太阳能电池

介绍了高效染料纳米晶体太阳能电池的发展,结构和工作原理,并在此基础上提出了一些今后需要解决的问题。     

Optimization of textured structure on crystalline silicon wafer for heterojunction solar cell

Increasing the light scattering in monocrystalline silicon solar cells by surface texturing is an emerging field of practice in modern silicon photovoltaic. In this article, the surface micro-textures were performed on the monocrystalline silicon surface in potassium hydroxide solution without adding isopropyl alcohol. The parameters of the etching process such as concentration, time duration and temperature were examined to study the effects on shape and geometry of the microstructure. In addition, ray-tracing simulations of the light trapping were performed on these textured structures. The textured surfaces resemble the structures of uniform pyramids, mostly small pyramids, and mostly big pyramids. The simulation technique was applied in order to evaluate the light trapping effect by textured surfaces based on above pyramidal shape models. Afterwards, theoretical and experimental values of reflection data were compared. Such a simulation model was perceived as an effective tool for optimizing the micro structural shape, thus improving the light trapping. In this study, for solar cell applications, the double-side heterojunction solar cell with mostly big pyramids shape yielded an active area conversion efficiency of 16.3% with an open circuit voltage of 0.645 V, a short circuit current of 34.8 mA cm⁻² and a fill factor of 0.73.     

钙钛矿太阳能电池:从高效率到稳定性

钙钛矿太阳能电池(Perovskite solar cells,PSCs)由于制备工艺简单、价格便宜、转换效率高、可制备柔性器件等优点引起广泛关注。近年来,钙钛矿太阳能电池的转换效率不断被刷新,迅速实现了对多晶硅太阳能电池的超越,使其具有巨大的商业潜力。然而,稳定性成为阻碍钙钛矿太阳能电池商业化的一大问题。介绍了钙钛矿太阳能电池的结构,综述了钙钛矿太阳能电池所取得的研究进展,总结了获得高效率钙钛矿太阳能电池的方法,重点分析了提高钙钛矿太阳能电池稳定性的策略,并指出钙钛矿太阳能电池的发展方向。     

陷光结构应用于太阳能电池的研究进展

在太阳能电池中引入陷光结构是提高光电转换效率的一种重要方法。本文主要从晶体硅太阳能电池、薄膜太阳能电池和其他新型太阳能电池三方面,综述了近年来国内外陷光结构用于太阳能电池的最新研究进展,分析了陷光结构对各类太阳能电池性能的影响、陷光作用的原理及工艺手段,最后指出其发展潜力及未来的研究方向。     

Construction and Characterization of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

This work describes the development of solar cells manufactured with different natural dyes, with the purpose to determine their photoelectrochemical properties, employing for that virtual instrumentation. Data acquisitions and statistical process of the same, are realized through graphical programming software. The system has facilities for measurements, acquisitions and to see permanently in the computer display, information about the performance of the solar cells, as well as environmental parameters such as; temperature and the I-V characteristic curve of the solar cell. This monitoring system pretends to be part of a permanent station for monitoring variables of the manufactured solar cells.     

钙钛矿太阳能电池技术发展历史与现状

简要回顾了钙钛矿太阳能电池的发展历史,解释了钙钛矿太阳能电池本质上是固态染料敏化太阳能电池。介绍了钙钛矿太阳能电池的微观发电机理,结合钙钛矿太阳能电池的能级图分析讨论了钙钛矿与电子传输层和空穴传输层的能级匹配。分析总结了钙钛矿太阳能电池的光伏技术参数,包括光生电流密度、开路电压、填充因子、能量转换效率以及光伏性能的稳定性。钙钛矿太阳能电池的能量转换效率、短路电流密度和开路电压均已超过非晶硅薄膜太阳能电池,填充因子与非晶硅薄膜太阳能电池很接近。钙钛矿太阳能电池有希望实现产业化而成为下一代薄膜太阳能电池。指出了钙钛矿太阳能电池大规模市场应用在制造技术上的瓶颈即空穴传输层的造价昂贵,并综述了解决该瓶颈的最新研究工作。