蓄冰空调在剧院建筑中的应用

以南方某大剧院蓄冰系统为例,分析介绍了其蓄冰系统的相关设计。在空调冷负荷计算上,分别采用了逐时负荷计算表及DEST软件模拟,两者在峰值负荷的数值上是一致的,均为2 750 RT;利用DEST模拟出剧院建筑全天空调冷负荷的分布,推算出剧院的冷负荷系数,确定了日总冷量数值为24 180 RHT;通过使用模拟软件提高了蓄冰系统设备选型的准确性。对剧院的蓄冰系统,进行了经济性分析。剧院每年可节省运行费用57.9万元,静态回收期在5年左右,经济性合理;低容量配置的设备,大部分时间内在高效区间运行,提高了设备的效率,同时减小了噪声源至少10 dB(A)的噪声值,,对环境噪声振动控制有利;当市政一路供电出现故障时,冷水主机作为用电三级负荷会被优先关停。空调系统还可以利用蓄冰槽内的冷量维持一段时间,不会影响观众观演,空调系统运行的稳定性高。     

气体水合物蓄冷技术研究报告之一：发展概况

一、概述 蓄冷技术是将用电高峰(从8时至22时)所需冷量(或部分冷量)在晚上用电低谷(22时至8时)开动制冷系统用一种蓄冷媒贮存起来,白天用冷高峰时启动泵或风扇只需少量电能再将此冷量释放出来的方法,如图一示。它尤其适用于空调系统。 应用蓄冷技术的主要优点在于: ①转移用电高峰,平衡用电负荷;②利用用电峰、谷的电价差,可降低制冷系统的运行费用;③负荷分为白天、晚上运行,降低制冷系统总电容量,同时使主机、辅机及配电等关连设备小型化;④夜间运转,电力稳定,工况额定,提高电能效率和制冷效率;⑤夜间气温     

国内空调冰蓄冷动态

国内空调冰蓄冷动态我国能源紧缺，节能节电是我们一贯的国策。当今世界上建筑物中的集中式空调应用储冰蓄冷技术是电网调节负荷的重要措施之一。储冰蓄冷是让制冷设备在电网低负荷时工作，将冷量贮存在蓄冷器中，供空调系统高峰负荷时应用。它可以对电网运行“削峰填谷”...     

部分水蓄冷解决空调非常负荷的节能分析

大型空调应用中,经常出现小负荷或者极小负荷。本文提出利用消防水池蓄冷。在制冷机组停止运行时,为非常冷负荷提供冷量,并给出了运行流程图。通过实例计算分析表明,利用消防水池蓄冷,可以满足小负荷供冷,并且具有造价低、运行费用低等优点。     

冰蓄冷系统运行模式与负荷匹配分析

冰蓄冷的运行模式一般有三种形式,即部分蓄冷、全部蓄冷、分时蓄冷.针对不同冰蓄冷系统运行模式,如何与系统负荷匹配,本文用了一个工程例子,探讨了系统--负荷--流量之间的匹配关系.     

蓄冷型空调冷源配置研究

根据电网峰谷时段划分规定和峰谷电价政策，从投资和运行费用的角度分析蓄冷型空调配置主机和蓄冷量的方式。并与常规空调比较确定蓄冷型空调选择主机时的范围，供参考     

地埋管地源热泵复合蓄能系统方案可行性分析

根据办公楼所在的武汉地区气候特点及水文地质状况,在满足建筑物房间供冷供热要求的同时,采用地埋管地源热泵蓄能复合式空调系统,并利用消防水池作为水蓄冷装置。采用蓄冷优先的控制策略,能充分利用谷段电力,由蓄冷量满足尽可能多的冷负荷,不足部分由冷水机组直接供冷,可提高空调系统的运行效率,降低运行费用。经过方案的对比分析表明,该办公楼实施地埋管地源热泵中央空调蓄冷(热)项目,虽增加了投资成本,比常规空调系统在每年运行费用却可节约34.75万元,节能效率为78.6%,节能效果好,6年左右可收回高出的初投资。因而,从经济和技术的角度来说,该办公楼应用地埋管地源热泵复合式系统是可行的,运行费用低,社会经济效益显著,符合国家节能减排和可持续发展政策。     

对某国公楼冰蓄冷系统两种不同运行方式的分析比较

本文对某办公楼中央空调冷源采用冰蓄冷系统后,其运行方式是采用主机优先还是采用蓄冰罐融冰优先进行了初步投资和运行费用两方面的比较,得出该办公楼蓄冷空调采用主机优先运行在经济上较为合理的结论。     

跨季节土壤蓄冷-土壤源热泵系统长期运行特性实验研究

为解决土壤源热泵在长期运行条件下土壤热失衡导致的运行效率下降问题,针对夏热冬冷地区的特点,提出一种利用室外风机盘管将冬季或过渡季室外空气中的冷量存储于土壤中的跨季节蓄冷-土壤源热泵系统。利用地埋管换热系统的相似模型实验台,进行了系统运行3年的供冷、供暖、蓄冷工况实验,综合分析了埋管进出口水温、气温、土壤温度、土壤及埋管换热量、单位埋深换热量等参数,研究系统的长期运行特性。研究显示:3年的土壤平均温度分别上升0.14℃、0.22℃、0.20℃,总体来说升高幅度较小;蓄冷时的室外气温越低、土壤与室外空气的温差越大,蓄冷效果越好;埋管进出口平均温差、土壤平均温度变化、土壤换热量、埋管换热量、单位埋深换热量的大小关系一致。研究结果表明,跨季节蓄冷维持了土壤的长期热平衡,系统的长期运行效果较好。     

冰片滑落式冰蓄冷系统优化运行的探讨

针对冰片滑落式蓄冷系统的特点,提出一种考虑负荷影响的冰蓄冷系统优化运行方式。在满足用户负荷需求、蓄冰设备蓄冰及融冰能力的约束条件下,以运行费用为目标函数。实例分析结果表明：该优化控制方式比常规控制方式节约10％～18％的费用。     

负荷传感器试验的柔性加荷方法

通过对负荷传感器负荷特性检测实验中叠置加荷方式工作过程的力学分析，提出了柔性加荷的概念，指出准确的载荷控制取决于传感器加载系统结构刚度和施力装置能够实现的位移准确程度，给出了减小系统刚度的技术方法及设计计算公式，并通过试验验证了柔性加荷理论和技术方法的可行性与有效性。在负荷传感器的负荷特性试验中，采用该方法具有试验工作效率高、保证试验测量精度、容易实施和生产成本低的效果。     

透平膨胀机运行效率低的原因及解决方法

PLK2500×2-4.83/0.37型透平膨胀机检修后,运行效率偏低,通过更换导流器、降低导流器后压力,同时调整工作轮与扩压器之间的间隙,减少内泄漏损失,提高了膨胀机的运行效率。文章简介了透平膨胀机的结构、技术参数和运行参数,分析了运行效率降低的原因和现象,阐述修复措施和效果。     

棉麻纤维液氨改性成套装备上下物料系统设计

目前棉麻纤维液氨改性系统的上下料采用人工方式进行,存在工作效率低、工人劳动强度大的缺点,基于发明问题解决理论(TRIZ)对液氨改性成套装备物料输送系统进行了创新设计,采用对心曲柄齿轮齿条机构和电磁铁来实现物料箱在小空间长行程的上下料,采用欧姆龙公司的CP1L型PLC来实现整个系统的控制,可实现棉麻纤维液氨改性成套装备物料包装输送系统的自动化。     

A top loading 200kN tensile testing cryostat

A new power transmitting system for a top loading cryostat is described. Mechanical properties of structural materials can be determined for an unlimited number of test specimens at temperatures down to 4.2 K. Only the charge unit which contains the specimen, the grips and measuring devices has to be changed for each run. This system was successfully tested for tensions up to 200kN at 4.2 K.     

A note on the problem of scheduling a flexible manufacturing system for Just-in-time customers

In supplying just-in-time customers, one common industry practice is for the vendor to set up a warehouse near the point of demand. We assume that the plant is a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) where the changeover times between parts of the same family axe. negligible, but not between parts of different families. Thus the FMS must be configured to produce one family of parts at a time. For each part type, we assume that the vendor makes deliveries to the warehouse at fixed intervals. We examined two related issues: the run length for each part family and the number of deliveries to the warehouse in each cycle. We first showed that it is not necessary for the vendor to produce for each delivery, nor is it desirable to complete the entire production lot before delivery. We then investigated the FMS loading problem for two or more part-families. We developed the expressions for the optimal run length and delivery frequency, (1) when loading the part types sequentially and (2) when loading the part types simultaneously. The resulting models can be shown to be consistent with the classical EOQ model.     

Experimental investigation on heating performance of gas-injected scroll compressor using R32, R1234yf and their 20wt%/80wt% mixture under low ambient temperature

In this paper, an integrated gas-injected scroll compressor heat pump system using R1234yf, R32 and its binary mixtures as working fluid was developed and their heating performances under low ambient temperature were quantitatively evaluated. A composite test system consisting of second-refrigerant calorimeter and water-cooled condenser was used to test the system working performance. The condensing temperature, evaporating temperature, compressor power input and other variables were analyzed to evaluate the system heating capability and energy efficiency. Test results showed that the R1234yf system can run at an evaporating temperature of −25 °C. R1234yf/R32 mixture can run at an evaporating temperature of −20 °C and it has the highest heating COP value among other refrigerants; R1234yf/R32 gas injection system provided very significant performance improvements for heating performance, compared with no gas injection, the heating capacity and heating COP can improve 16%~20% and 13%~16%, respectively.     

氢氧化铝纳米片:结构依赖性癌症化疗药物的储运（英文）

Alum has an excellent safety record and is the only licensed inorganic adjuvant for human vaccines.However,the exploration of alum nanosheets as chemotherapy drug delivery system,especially the clarification about the relationship between structures and drug loading properties,is totally insufficient.Herein,aluminum hydroxides(AlOOH)nanosheets with tunable specific surface area and pore size were synthesized by adjusting the synthesis time in the presence of triblock copolymers.The obtained materials exhibited the highest surface area about 470 m2/g.The structure-dependent chemotherapy drug loading capability for AlOOH nanosheets was observed:the higher specific surface area and pore size are,the higher amount of chemotherapy drug is loaded.AlOOH nanosheets loaded with doxorubicin showed a pH-dependent sustained release behavior with quick release in low pH about 5 and slow release in pH around 7.4.Doxorubicin-loaded AlOOH nanosheets exhibited much higher cancer cellular uptake efficiency than that in free form by flow cytometry.Moreover,doxorubicin-loaded AlOOH nanosheets with high specific surface area showed an increased cellular uptake efficiency and enhanced ratios of apoptosis and necrosis,compared with those showing low specific surface area.Therefore,AlOOH nanosheets are promising materials as chemotherapy drug delivery system.     

制氮设备采用外引气源维持运行

介绍了因空压机故障采用外引低压气源维持KDN 1 0 0 0型制氮设备低负荷运行的情况。详细分析了低负荷运行时需解决的“瓶颈”以及供风系统和空分系统的具体操作 ,对制氮设备正常运行与低负荷运行的参数进行了比较 ,最后介绍了低负荷运行操作时的安全事项     

PET短纤维/硅灰石晶须/硅树脂混杂材料的拉伸性能表征

研究了PET短纤维和硅灰石晶须混杂增强硅树脂复合材料的拉伸性能。结果表明,相对少量硅灰石晶须加入到PET/硅树脂体系中会降低PET纤维的增强效果,材料的拉伸强度降低,但当硅灰石晶须的加入量很多时,材料的拉伸强度反而会明显提高。笔者对硅灰石晶须的加入量对PET短纤维增强系数的影响进行了定量分析。     

On-line loading and dispatching in flexible manufacturing systems

This paper aims to contribute to the knowledge of factors influencing the performance of flexible automation systems, through the analysis of the behaviour of control rules (loading and dispatching rules) implemented in the real time control system of such plants. The research objective was to obtain some general indications on modes of approaching loading and dispatching of flexible manufacturing systems, bearing in mind that, on the one hand, the performances of the rules are influenced by the configuration of the plant to run, and on the other that for a given plant, there is the further influence of the production mix.