煤矿开采机械装备及自动化技术

本文在我国煤炭行业迅速发展的背景之下对我国煤炭企业的煤矿开采设备自动化技术进行了探讨,主要讨论了煤矿开采过程中的常用机械设备及其自动化技术应用的重要性,此外,本文对煤矿开采机械设备及自动化技术应用过程中存在的障碍进行了简要探讨,并针对存在的障碍提出了相应的解决对策。     

基于PSR-ANP的煤炭企业环境绩效审计指标体系构建

在国家进行产业转型升级的大背景下,煤炭企业作为重污染行业的典型企业之一,其环境问题日益突出。因此,构建完善的环境绩效审计评价指标体系成为企业审计工作中的重点。为提高煤炭企业环境绩效,分析了PSR模型对环境绩效审计的适用性,基于该模型从"压力—状态—响应"方面设计了完整的煤炭企业环境绩效审计指标体系,运用ANP网络分析法对各指标权重进行衡量,随后将其运用到山西省典型煤炭企业——同煤集团和阳煤集团的环境绩效审计评价工作中,并对结果进行评估分析,以期为企业的可持续发展和环境绩效审计提供研究基础。     

工作面自动化割煤初探

井下无人工作面技术、自动化割煤技术在国外已经有一定程度的应用,但在国内尚属空白。为了打造我国的无人工作面,在消化引进国外先进技术的基础上,进行了采煤工作面自动化割煤实验。该实验取得了较好的效果,对于其他矿井实现自动化割煤、提高矿井的现代化和数字化水平具有非常好的借鉴意义。     

工业场所可燃气体监测系统的组成、管理及提高应急响应能力的措施

在介绍常见可燃气体探测器的种类、原理和可燃气体探测系统组成架构的基础上,探讨了提高可燃气体探测系统运行和管理方法,对可燃气体探测系统的设计方案与管理方法进行了初步研究,同时详细阐述了提高系统应急响应能力的措施,为可燃气体在线探测系统的设计与管理提供了借鉴。     

煤炭运销集团财务风险管控创新及应对

2012年,面对当前国内煤炭企业经济形势的复杂变化,煤销集团如何加强财务风险管控,保持企业健康稳定发展,成为企业能否走出困境的关键因素。文章以煤销集团当前经济形势下的财务管控为实例,分析煤销集团存在的财务风险,结合目前经济形势,探寻如何创新财务风险管控、化解企业经营风险、建立相应的财务管控应对措施、促进煤销集团经济平稳发展的思路。     

中国煤炭业整合欲打破行政区划

国家发改委、财政部、国土资源部、国资委以及国家安全生产总局等五部门最近联合下发的《关于促进煤炭企业组织结构调整的指导意见》明确提出．以大型煤炭企业为基础,推进煤电、煤化,煤路等多元化发展。到“十一五”末．形成6～8个亿吨级和8-10个5000万吨级的大型煤炭企业集团,煤炭产量占全国的50%以上。《意见》提出,要以市场运作为基础,强化政府引导和政策支持,打破区域、行业、所有制限制,培育和发展大型煤炭企业集团公司。     

大型煤炭企业内部供应链构建及相关研究

本文以大型煤炭企业为研究对象,界定了大型煤炭企业内部供应链概念,分析了大型煤炭企业内部供应链内涵。最后指出了煤炭企业的不确定性研究和供需突发事件研究对大型煤炭企业的必要性。     

地铁隧道火灾探测系统设置探讨

分析了地铁隧道的火灾特点、起火原因,提出了设置线型火灾探测器的必要性,并对几类感温探测系统优缺点及具体设计进行比较,得出优先选用光纤感温探测系统的结论。     

探讨煤炭企业物资供应管理的成本控制

近年来,受国内煤炭产能过剩、新能源在能源结构占比上升和进口煤冲击等因素的影响,中国煤炭行业正面临"内忧"与"外患"并存的困境。价格不振、利润下滑困扰国内每一家煤炭企业,企业如何在煤炭行业开源不利的逆境中生存并发展,通过成本控制以节流就显得至关重要。本文从供应管理的角度出发,着重探讨煤炭企业物资供应管理的成本控制。     

一种混合制式机场跑道异物探测系统

在对现有各种主流机场跑道异物探测系统的优缺点进行比较的基础上,本文提出了一种综合各型机场跑道异物探测系统优点的混合制式机场跑道异物探测系统。介绍了混合制式机场跑道异物探测系统的设计思想,系统总体架构,详细阐述了边灯式光电复FOD传感器、塔架式光学FOD传感器、 FOD信息系统等各子系统的设计思路和实现方法,并对系统的测试情况进行了描述。测试结果表明,该系统能够在各种天气条件下满足机场实际需求,实现对跑道异物的准确检测,定位及管理。     

瞬变电磁法运用V8探测深部采空区的效果

根据测区的地球物理特征,选用瞬变电磁法,运用V8Symtem2000.net多功能网络电法仪,以探测山西长治王庄煤矿采空区为例,通过对实测资料的采集、处理和计算机绘图等综合分析,准确查明了其采空区的位置,说明瞬变电磁法应用V8Symtem2000.net多功能电法仪探测深部采空区有较好的探测效果。     

Optical flow techniques for estimation of camera motion parameters in sewer closed circuit television inspection videos

This paper discusses a novel approach for automated analysis and tracking of camera motion in sewer inspection closed circuit television (CCTV) videos. This approach represents an important building block for any system that supports automated analysis and defect detection of CCTV videos. The proposed approach employs optical flow techniques to automatically identify, locate, and extract a limited set of video segments, called regions of interest (ROI), which likely include defects, thus reducing the time and computational requirements needed for video processing. Tracking the camera motion parameters is used to recover the operator actions during the inspection session, which would provide important clues about the location and severity of the ROI. Techniques for estimating the camera travelling distance, position inside the sewer, and direction of motion from optical flow vectors are discussed. The proposed techniques were validated using a representative set of sewer CCTV videos obtained from the cities of Regina and Calgary, Canada.     

Coal pillar load calculation by pressure arch theory and near field extraction ratio

A method for calculating the load acting on a pillar of coal in a bord-and-pillar mine is described for the purpose of back analysing pillar failure or assessing the stability of a panel of pillars. The method is applicable to pillars of arbitrary plan shape and accounts for the spatial position of the pillar with respect to the other pillars, un-mined coal, and the network of roadways. Calculation of the extraction ratio within the pillar’s zone of influence defined by the depth dependent load transfer distance accounts for the pillar’s spatial position in the mine layout. An advantage of this approach is its suitability for computer programming for the automated analysis of hundreds of pillars. In this paper, pillars are analysed by the new method, and by tributary area theory, with the results from the new method comparing favourably to elastic three dimensional numerical analysis. Finally, an example of coal mine pillar failure from the literature that neither could be satisfactorily back-analysed by the traditional factor of safety approach nor by two-dimensional numerical modelling is considered. With the proposed, approach 42 of the 54 pillars in the observed failed pillar region are predicted to have a safety factor below the recommended value for long term stability and of these, three pillars are predicted to have an FoS of 1.18. With tributary area theory every pillar, including all those outside the failed pillar region, is predicted to have an FoS less than 1.2.     

上行开采层间岩层控制的关键位置判定

 针对历史原因或复杂地质条件等导致曾经遗弃的可采煤层上行开采问题,提出上行开采的关键技术是岩层控制,而岩层控制的突破点在于其关键位置的确定。考虑到上行开采层间岩层关键层的结构最终演化为面接触块体结构,并且该结构中的块体强度高、刚度大,块体间摩擦面近似平面,结构面贯穿块体,结构的失稳源于块体沿着接触面的剪切滑移,故借鉴块体理论的思想,用矢量分析法建立上行开采层间岩层关键层结构中块体的参量矩阵并计算相应的判别矩阵,判定层间岩层关键层结构的可动块体,进而通过虚设切向“净滑动力”的方法探索上行开采层间岩层控制关键位置的具体判定方法,为上行开采层间岩层结构以及上行开采技术体系的进一步深入研究奠定理论基础。     

Real-time automatic crack detection method based on drone

Real-time automated drone-based crack detection can be used for efficient building damage assessment. This paper proposes an automated real-time crack detection method based on a drone. Using a lightweight classification algorithm, a lightweight segmentation algorithm, a high-precision segmentation algorithm, and a crack width measurement algorithm, the cracks are classified, roughly segmented, finely segmented, and the maximum width is extracted. A crack information-assisted drone flight automatic control algorithm for automatic crack detection guides the drone toward the crack position. The effectiveness of the crack detection algorithm and the crack information-assisted drone flight automatic control algorithm was tested on two different datasets, a two-story building, and a 16-m-high shaking table test building. The results show that crack detection can be finished in real-time during the flight. Using the proposed method can significantly improve the MIoU of crack edge detection and the accuracy of maximum crack width measurement under the non-ideal shooting conditions of the actual inspection situation by automatically approaching the vicinity of the crack.     

活性炭测氡法在煤层自燃区探测中的应用——以山西宁武县寺耳沟煤矿为例

为了研究活性炭测氡技术在确定煤层自燃区范围的准确性,采用现场踏勘和红外探测相结合的方法,初步圈定煤层自燃隐蔽高温区和煤自燃氧化区的测氡范围,而后以40 m×10 m网度布置活性炭氡气测点,通过对测点进行平面等值线分析最终圈定火区范围。采用10个钻孔对测氡分析数据进行验证,钻孔数据显示测氡数据分析结果基本准确、可靠。采用活性炭测氡法在宁武县寺耳沟煤矿共确定3处火区的范围,为后期灭火工程提供了准确的基础数据。采用活性炭测氡法在宁武县寺耳沟煤矿成功圈定了煤层自燃区,表明该方法在矿山隐伏火区探测中具有一定的应用前景。     

近距离强冲击倾向性煤层上行开采覆岩结构演化特征及其稳定性研究

针对近距离强冲击倾向性煤层上行复采覆岩结构演化特征与稳定性问题,以宽沟煤矿B4–1强冲击倾向性煤层复采为背景,建立强冲击倾向性煤层上部倒梯形覆岩结构与冲击发生临界位置的关键层结构力学模型,提出煤柱最小安全距离的分析方法。采用物理材料相似模拟与数值模拟相结合的方法,运用压力传感器与SOS微震监测系统,对覆岩结构演化、矿压显现以及震源分布特征展开分析,利用覆岩结构的稳定性分析对冲击危险性进行评估。结果表明:B4–1强冲击倾向性煤层上行复采过程中,上部覆岩呈现以关键层为分界的"双倒梯形体"结构与关键层上部岩层集中垮断后的"单倒梯形体"结构动态式演变过程;余煤尺寸较小时上部倒梯形覆岩结构震源集中、能量大,采空区活化区域震源分散、能量小。提出了余煤复采中倒梯形覆岩结构稳定性分析的冲击地压危险性指数I_m、冲击临界位置关键层受力分析的冲击地压危险性指数I_n,定量化分析冲击危险性指数变化趋势,将B4–1煤层复采划分为覆岩相对稳定区、周期性明显破坏区、冲击危险区域3部分。数值模拟分析底板应力验证了双峰值应力叠加效应的准确性。采用三种方法综合分析得到了为确保近距...     

焦炉基础施工新技术

介绍了焦炉基础煤气下喷管、清扫孔管和烟道弯管施工新技术,针对煤气预埋管采用管座固定预埋管下部和用脚手架钢管做固定架来固定预埋管的施工方法;针对烟道弯管,应用烟道混凝土浇筑用模板支撑体系作为烟道固定的支撑,并且采用可以轻松调整位置的钢筋吊杆作为承受烟道弯管重量的直接支撑,这样可以非常容易地调整烟道弯管的位置达到设计及规范要求的精度,阐述了滑轮吊装、弯管就位、临时加固、精确定位以及最终加固技术。     

Automated Road Sign Inventory System Based on Stereo Vision and Tracking

Abstract: Detection, recognition, and positioning of road signs are critical components of a roadway asset management system. In this research, a stereo vision‐based system is developed to conduct automated road sign inventory. The system in real time integrates and synchronizes the data streams from multiple sensors of high‐resolution cameras, Differential Global Positioning System receivers, Distance Measurement Instrument, and Inertial Measurement Unit. Algorithms are developed based on data sets from the multiple positioning sensors to determine the positions of the moving vehicle and the orientation of the cameras. The key findings from the research include feature extraction and analysis that are applied for automated sign detection and recognition in the Right‐of‐Way (ROW) images, implementing a tracking algorithm of the candidate sign region among the image frames so the same signs are not counted more than once in an image sequence, and implementing stereo vision technique to compute the world coordinates of the road sign from the stereo‐paired ROW images. Particular techniques are employed to conduct all data acquisition and analysis in real time onboard the vehicle. This system is an advanced alternative to traditional inventory methods in terms of safety and efficiency.     

采煤面覆岩破坏动态测试模拟研究

 利用煤层顶板钻孔及巷道形成电法测试系统,根据采动速度测取不同时期岩层电场变化特征,可对上覆岩层受采动影响的变化规律进行全面分析研究,所获得的垮落带和导水裂缝带(以下简称“两带”)高度值对煤矿安全生产具有重要的指导意义。以井下实测煤层为地质模型,通过相似模拟技术构建煤层开采条件,结合孔巷电法系统进行测试模拟与综合分析,提高对“两带”高度值判断的准确性。模拟研究结果表明,孔巷电阻率法对岩层采动产生的结构变化反应灵敏,单次测试电阻率与背景电阻率比值剖面可有效分辨模型开挖过程中的应力超前、岩层变形、破坏等特征,判定垮落带高度为0.07 m,导水裂缝带高度为0.33 m,其相似比例为100,该结果与井下实测值相一致。