营养调控因素对猪肉品质改善的影响

文章着重阐述了能量、脂肪、蛋白质与氨基酸、维生素、矿物元素及其它一些添加剂等营养因子对改善猪肉品质的影响,并提出了实际生产中应注意的调控重点环节。     

浓香白酒夏季压窖生产工艺的调节与管理

针对夏季高温季节浓香酒生产,产质过差情况,采取提前压窖度有有效地调控和发酵机理平衡,使提前压窖度碍方法能承上启下接通夏秋两季良性发酵,提高产质量。     

一种新型猪肉汉堡的加工工艺

传统的汉堡是一种快餐中的肉饼,因其营养美味、方便快捷和健康时尚深受消费者的喜爱。本文结合传统的特点开发了一种新型的猪肉汉堡,是以猪肉的浓香配以独有的咸、鲜、香风味,添加一定的蔬菜粒,具有浓郁的香味和丰富的维生素,可有效去除猪肉腥味,呈现出油炸食品的浓香,适合规模化生产。     

深色浓香花生油的加工技术

对生产深色浓香花生油的工艺、市场情况进行了叙述,指出与普通浓香花生油生产工艺的区别,叙述了实际生产中的操作参数以及对油品的质量控制情况.     

花生蒸炒锅设计

浓香花生油作为主要食用油之一,由于其独特的浓郁芳香口味、高价值的营养,深受我国消费者青睐.根据浓香花生油制取工艺的要求,阐述了制取浓香花生油的关键设备——花生蒸炒锅设计中的要点,以供用户在选用设备时参考.     

影响生产浓香化生油的因素探讨

就生产浓香花生油的工艺、原理进行了探讨,并就生产浓香花生油的因素进行了分析。     

浓香花生油生产技术

该文介绍浓香花生油生产工艺流程,操作方法,分析浓香花生油产生香味的机理及影响香味的各种因素,并强调生产浓香花生油时应注意几个问题。     

线粒体介导食品功能因子活性与食品危害物毒性的分子机制

研究表明食品中的营养功能因子具有良好的生物活性,而一些食品生产加工过程中产生的危害物会威胁人体的健康,其分子机制、作用靶点大多尚不明确。本文综述了线粒体作为细胞内的"能量工厂"和信号调控者,在食品功能因子与食品危害物生物活性或毒性机制中的参与机制,包括:食品功能因子对线粒体功能与结构的影响;食品功能因子对氧化还原平衡体系的影响;食品功能因子经由线粒体调控细胞内信号通路的机制;以及食品危害物对线粒体功能的影响。旨在为食品营养功能因子生物活性与食品危害物毒性机制研究提供理论参考。     

浓香型白酒增己降乙相关理论研究

针对浓香型白酒生产中乙酸乙酯含量偏高的问题,结合乙酸乙酯生成路线,分析了各种能造成浓香白酒中乙酸乙酯升高的因素,得出造成浓香白酒乙酸乙酯含量大面积普遍升高的原因是:生产用曲感染了酯化生成乙酸乙酯能力强的菌种。根据浓香白酒原酒生产现状,提出本文观点:浓香白酒"增己降乙"时代已经来临。     

HACCP在浓香菜籽油生产中的应用

为了保障浓香菜籽油的产品质量安全,采用HACCP体系对浓香菜籽油生产全过程进行生物、物理、化学的危害分析,确定关键控制点,制定预防措施,并对生产环节进行有效监控,制定纠偏措施,做好记录管理,为浓香菜籽油的安全生产提供借鉴。     

Influence of ouabain of electrolyte and water transport in the rabbit ileum and colon in vitro and in vivo

We studied the influence of the Na⁺-K⁺ pump inhibitor ouabain on water and electrolyte transport in the rabbit distal ileum and proximal colon in vitro and in vivo. Under in vitro conditions, ouabain markedly reduced the absorption of water, sodium, chloride and bicarbonate, and reduced potassium secretion in both the ileum and the colon. In vivo results were similar but less marked than those obtained in vitro, with significant differences only at the level of the distal ileum.     

Determination of nitrite and nitrate in some horticultural and meat products and in samples of soil

This study of quantitative determination of nitrite and nitrate contents is based on spectrophotometric measurement of the red colour formed when sulphanilic acid is diazotised by the nitrite to be determined and coupled to 1-naphthylamine-7-sulphonic acid (Cleve's acid 1-7). Nitrate is first reduced to nitrite in a cadmium reducing column. Good results have been obtained with some horticultural and meat products and samples of soil.     

2018年深圳市售蔬菜和鸡蛋中氟虫腈及其代谢物的检测分析

目的 建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定蔬菜和鸡蛋中氟虫腈及其代谢物(氟甲腈、氟虫腈砜和氟虫腈亚砜), 并对深圳市售的蔬菜和鸡蛋中氟虫腈及其代谢物残留状况进行抽样检测。方法 采用QuEChERS前处理方法, 以C18色谱柱为分离柱, 以乙腈和10 mmol甲酸+6 mmol甲酸铵水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱, 用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS), 电喷雾电离(electrospray ionization, ESI), 多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)模式检测, 外标法同时定量测定氟虫腈及其代谢物。结果 方法的线性范围为0.1~2.0 μg/L, 线性相关系数均大于0.9994, 检出限0.0005 mg/kg, 定量限0.001 mg/kg; 蔬菜中3个水平的平均加标回收率88.0%~101.2%, 相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD)均小于8.5%; 鸡蛋中3个水平的平均加标回收率86.1%~104.8%, 相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于9.2%。结论 该方法具有操作简单、干扰少、快速、准确可靠等特点, 可适用于蔬菜鸡蛋中氟虫腈及其代谢物的检测。     

Differences in content and composition of free lipids and carotenoids in flour of spring and winter wheat cultivated in Poland

The work presents the content and composition of free lipids and carotenoids in spring and winter classes of wheat flour. It discusses genetical and physiological aspects of their synthesis and accumulation in wheat kernels and also indicates how methodological differences explain differences in results presented in the literature. It has been reported that spring wheat flours are richer in free lipids, especially in the non-polar fraction. The content of glycolipids ranged from 134 to 215 mg/100 g flour and was more stable within the winter wheat class. The percentages of the two main fractions, namely DGDG and MGDG, were similar in both wheat classes and reached ca. 77%. Phospholipids constituted the smallest fraction of the flour free lipids in both wheat classes; however, spring wheat flours were richer in these compounds, which is likely associated with a greater content of spherosomes in the endosperm of this wheat class. The free lipids of spring wheat flour contained more oleic and slightly less linoleic and linolenic acids. Spring wheat flour was also richer in carotenoids, although there were varieties in both classes that deviated from this. The main carotenoid was lutein, whose total percentage in the form of different isomers ranged from 71.3% to 83.3% and was slightly lower for spring wheat flour. Lutein, in the form of a trans-isomer, constituted about 62% and 70% of all carotenoids in spring and winter wheat flours, respectively.     

Influence of ouabain of electrolyte and water transport in the rabbit ileum and colon in vitro and in vivo.

We studied the influence of the Na(+)-K+ pump inhibitor ouabain on water and electrolyte transport in the rabbit distal ileum and proximal colon in vitro and in vivo. Under in vitro conditions, ouabain markedly reduced the absorption of water, sodium, chloride and bicarbonate, and reduced potassium secretion in both the ileum and the colon. In vivo results were similar but less marked than those obtained in vitro, with significant differences only at the level of the distal ileum.     

生物技术在制浆造纸中的应用与研究进展

介绍了生物技术在制浆造纸工业的应用与研究进展，包括生物制浆、生物漂白、生物脱墨及造纸过程中的生物技术等。     

Characterization of limestones and their effects in vitro and in vivo in dairy cattle

Capacities of limestones of differing particle size to neutralize acid in vitro and to modify pH and utilization of feedstuffs in vivo were compared. Acid neutralization during pH-stat titrations was faster for fine than for coarse limestone, and mixed microbial cultures were more resistant to pH change when they contained fine calcium carbonate. Diets containing 25:75 corn silage to concentrates and .95% calcium from either coarse or fine limestone were fed to rumen-fistulated heifers. Total ruminal volatile fatty acid concentrations were higher for the fine limestone treatment. Ruminal volumes, dry matter disappearance, and ruminal fluid pH and dilution rate did not differ between fine and coarse limestone treatments. Ruminal fluid volume, osmolality, ratios of acetate to propionate, and concentrations of total volatile fatty acids were unaffected in rumen-fistulated Holstein cows fed 60:40 corn silage to concentrates and either .5% calcium (control) or 1.0% calcium from either coarse or fine limestone. Ruminal pH increased .07 to .10 units with limestone supplementation. Ruminal fluid dilution and particulate turnover rates were slower for the coarse limestone than the control treatment. Differences between coarse and fine limestones in vitro were observed under some conditions in vivo, but they were not consistent.     

开封市畜禽沙门菌污染状况及血清学鉴定分析

了解开封市畜禽肉中沙门菌的污染状况及血清学分布,为沙门菌引起的食源性疾病的防控提供依据。方法 依据GB 4789.4—2010《中华人民共和国国家标准食品卫生微生物学检验方法》和2011年国家食源性疾病监测网监测方案,定期对开封市畜禽养殖场和屠宰场进行随机采样监测。结果 在691份样品中,沙门菌检出率为35.9%(248/691);分离出沙门菌253株,有17个血清型。结论 开封市生鸡肉和生猪肉不同程度受到沙门菌的污染,以生鸡肉污染最严重。应加强禽畜类养殖、屠宰加工等过程的卫生监管,减少食源性疾病的发生。     

Periparturient changes in secretion and mammary uptake of insulin and in concentrations of insulin and insulin-like growth factors in milk of dairy cows

Mammary uptake of insulin from blood was quantified near parturition in nine dairy cows, some of which were milked prepartum to induce prepartum lactogenesis. Milk samples were immunoassayed for concentrations of insulin, insulin-like growth factor I, and insulin-like growth factor II. Cows milked prepartum, but in which prepartum lactogenesis did not occur (denoted as unsuccessful group), had higher arterial concentrations and greater mammary uptake of insulin during several days immediately preceding parturition than did those with prepartum lactogenesis. Although mammary uptake of insulin was measurable before parturition, estimated uptake on postpartum d 4 through 6 was negligible. Colostrum and milk contained very substantial quantities of insulin, insulin-like growth factor I, and insulin-like growth factor II. Cows in which prepartum lactogenesis was induced (denoted as successful group) had lower concentrations of both forms of insulin-like growth factor in prepartum samples of milk. Cows of the successful group also had a decreasing prepartum profile of milk insulin, but the unsuccessful group had an increasing trend until parturition. Milk concentrations of insulin and both forms of insulin-like growth factor declined rapidly after parturition and completion of lactogenesis.     

Advantages and limitations of in vitro and in vivo methods of iron and zinc bioavailability evaluation in the assessment of biofortification program effectiveness

ABSTRACT

Biofortification aims to improve the micronutrient concentration of staple food crops through the best practices of breeding and modern biotechnology. However, increased zinc and iron concentrations in food crops may not always translate into proportional increases in absorbed zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe). Therefore, assessing iron and zinc bioavailability in biofortified crops is imperative to evaluate the efficacy of breeding programs. This review aimed to investigate the advantages and limitations of in vitro and in vivo methods of iron and zinc bioavailability evaluation in the assessment of biofortification program effectiveness. In vitro, animal and isotopic human studies have shown high iron and zinc bioavailability in biofortified staple food crops. Human studies provide direct knowledge regarding the effectiveness of biofortification, however, human studies are time consuming and are more expensive than in vitro and animal studies. Moreover, in vitro studies may be a useful preliminary screening method to identify promising plant cultivars, however, these studies cannot provide data that are directly applicable to humans. None of these methods provides complete information regarding mineral bioavailability, thus, a combination of these methods should be the most appropriate strategy to investigate the effectiveness of zinc and iron biofortification programs.