水系胶体Zeta电位的电声法测量

基于电声法原理研制了一种能同时用于胶体声阻抗和Zeta电位测量的电声探头,建立了一套测量胶体Zeta电位的实验装置,多次实验证明设备稳定性良好. 通过多次回波测量声阻抗计算Zeta电位,测得纳米黄土及TiO2胶体的Zeta电位分别为-52.69和-16.09 mV,分析了5%~30%(j) SiO2胶体的Zeta电位变化趋势,表明该方法可用于高浓度胶体测量,与马尔文公司光脉动Zeta电位测量仪测量结果偏差较小. 本方法有望实现在线测量Zeta电位.     

Colloidal Stability for Concentrated Zirconia Aqueous Suspensions

This work started as part of an investigation into the mechanisms by which fine zirconia aqueous dispersions can be processed for ceramic materials engineering. Aqueous dispersions of TZ3Y fine zirconia particles obtained by dispersion of dry powder in acidic solutions (pH 3) have been subjected to compression through osmotic experiments. The results show a behavior that is unusual when compared with the classical behavior of colloidal dispersions. Indeed, the 50 nm particles are well dispersed and protected from aggregation by electrical double layers, with a high zeta potential (60–80 mV). Yet, during osmotic compression, the dispersion goes from a liquid state to a gel state at a rather low volume fraction, φ=0.2, whereas the liquid–solid transition for repelling particles is expected to occur only at φ=0.5. This early transition to a state in which the dispersion does not flow may be a severe drawback in some uses of these dispersions, and thus it is important to understand its causes. A possible cause of this early aggregation is the presence of a population of very small particles, which are seen in osmotic stress experiments and in light scattering. We propose that aggregation could result from the compression of this population, through either of the following mechanisms: (a) An increase in pressure causes the small particles to aggregate with each other and with the larger ones or (b) An increase in pressure induces a depletion flocculation phenomenon, in which the large particles are pushed together by the smaller ones.     

明胶改性银微粉的电动电势和悬浮稳定性

用光照还原制备银微粉分散体系,测量了不同还原条件下所得改性银微粉的电动电势及等电点,讨论了还原条件对银微粉等电点的影响。通过不同光照时间、明胶浓度、酸度及盐度下所得银微粉分散体系的紫外-可见光谱的测试和分析,讨论了以上条件对生成的银微粉分散体系悬浮稳定性的影响。     

Measurement of Mobility and Zeta Potential of Beta-Alumina Suspensions in Various Solvents

Mobilities and zeta potentials of β -alumina particles have been measured in 1-pentanol, nitromethane, and dichloromethane media. The effects of grinding, aging, water content, and acid solute content were observed; all of these variables were critical. The charge on the β -alumina particles could be either positive or negative, depending on the suspension conditions.     

The Impact of Zeta Potential and Physicochemical Properties of TiO2‐Based Nanocomposites on Their Biological Activity

The aim of this research was to observe the relationship between zeta potential, morphology, surface area, porosity, chemical composition, and ecotoxicity of nanocomposite powders such as Au/TiO₂, Ag₂O/TiO₂, PdO/TiO₂, Ag/TiO₂/SiO₂, Ag/N(C)TiO₂, and SiO₂/TiO₂ from which Ag₂O/TiO₂, Ag/N(C)/TiO_2, and Ag/TiO₂/SiO₂ were exhibiting good antimicrobial properties. It was observed, that nanomaterials characterized by similar morphology and zeta potential revealed the similar toxic behavior. The samples of higher agglomeration and higher zeta potential, especially Ag/TiO₂/SiO₂ xerogel and TiO₂/SiO₂ aerogel were generally less ecotoxic to water organisms and plants. They were also not genotoxic in concentrations up to 500 and 250 mg/L, respectively.     

水基泡沫的稳定性评价技术及影响因素研究进展

综述了当前比较常用的和新开发的泡沫稳定性评价技术,评述了水基泡沫稳定性的影响因素,并对改变泡沫稳定性的途径进行了探讨,同时展望了有关泡沫稳定性研究的发展方向。     

Some Aspects of Colloidal Nanoparticle Stability, Catalytic Activity, and Recycling Potential

In this review article, we examine many important aspects of the nanocatalysis field such as size and shape dependent nanocatalysis, the stability of nanoparticles during its catalytic function, and their recycling potential. We provide an overview of some of the work in the literature pertinent to these topics and also discuss some of our own work in these important areas. Some examples of how the catalytic activity is affected by the size of the nanoparticles are discussed as well as how the catalytic process affects the nanoparticle size after its catalytic function. The synthesis of platinum nanoparticles of different shapes is surveyed and the dependence of nanoparticle shape on the catalytic activity is discussed. In addition, changes in the nanoparticle shape and resulting changes in the catalytic activity are also discussed. The recycling potential of the metal nanocatalysts is also highlighted. In addition, a simple examination of the mechanism of nanocatalysis is discussed.     

Photocatalytic Degradation of Butanol in Aqueous Solutions by TiO2 Nanofibers

Removal of butanol from aqueous solutions was studied using both custom made and commercial TiO₂ photocatalysts. The custom made photocatalytic materials were nanofibers of titanium dioxide doped with nitrogen and subsequently decorated with nanoparticles of platinum or palladium. Pd-decorated photocatalysts were found to be highly efficient in the degradation of butanol under UV-A irradiation compared to Pt-decorated nanofibers or to commercial Degussa P25.     

沥青质模型油/MD膜驱剂溶液的ζ电势

从分子沉积(MD)膜驱剂与原油活性组分沥青质模型油的ζ电势出发,考察了水相pH、MD膜驱剂质量浓度、盐浓度、沥青质质量浓度、芳香度等对水包模型油乳状液的ζ电势的影响,并进一步探讨了水包油乳状液的稳定性。结果表明,模型油/MD膜驱剂溶液与模型油/水的ζ电势均随pH增加而降低,等电点由2 8变为3 1;模型油/MD膜驱剂溶液的ζ电势随MD膜驱剂质量浓度的增加而增加,MD膜驱剂具有压缩双电层的作用;盐浓度越大,模型油/MD膜驱剂溶液与模型油/水的ζ电势越高;随沥青质质量浓度的增加,ζ电势均有所降低,但质量浓度达到400mg/L后,ζ电势增加;随对二甲苯体积分数增加,模型油/MD膜驱剂溶液与模型油/水的ζ电势均有增大趋势;从总体看,MD膜驱剂的加入能降低沥青质模型油在水中的分散稳定性。     

Plasmonic Effects of Infiltrated Silver Nanoparticles Inside TiO2 Film: Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance in DSSCs

The plasmonic effects of infiltrated silver (Ag) nanoparticles, with different contents, inside a nanostructured TiO₂ film on the photovoltaic performance of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are explored. The synthesized Ag nanoparticles are immobilized onto deposited TiO₂ nanoparticles by a new strategy using 3‐mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), a bifunctional linker molecule. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images show that monodispersed Ag and polydispersed TiO₂ nanoparticles have an average diameter of 12 ± 3 nm and 5 ± 1 nm, respectively. Moreover, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis reveals that Ag nanoparticles were successfully functionalized and capped with MPA. Optical studies on the MPA‐capped Ag nanoparticles inside TiO₂ film show an increase in the total absorbance of the electrode. Moreover, EIS measurements confirm that MPA‐capped Ag nanoparticles inhibit the charge recombination and improve the stability of nanoparticles in I₃^?/I^? electrolyte. The DSSC assembled with optimal content of MPA‐capped Ag nanoparticles demonstrated an enhanced power conversion efficiency (8.82% ± 0.07%) compared with the pure TiO₂ (7.30% ± 0.05%). The increase in cell efficiency was attributed to the enhanced dye light absorption in strength and spectral range due to the surface plasmon resonance of MPA‐capped Ag nanoparticles in the photoanode.     

Adsorption of Cu2+ Cations from Aqueous Solution by S-doped TiO2

S-doped TiO₂ as a novel adsorbent for Cu²⁺ cations removal from aqueous solutions was synthesized by simple sol-gel process. Removal of Cu²⁺ cations from aqueous solutions was investigated with particular reference to the effects of initial Cu²⁺ cations concentration, pH-value, adsorbent dosage, and temperature on adsorption. It was found that the maximum adsorption capacity was 96.35 mg g^?1 at 328 K. The adsorption equilibrium isotherms and the kinetic data were well described by the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, respectively. The high uptake capability of S-doped TiO₂ makes it a potentially attractive adsorbent for the removal of heavy metal pollutants from aqueous solution.     

柠檬酸改性TiO2的水相分散及其光催化性能

纳米材料优异性能的发挥是以材料在介质中的分散为前提和基础。以工业级为原料,采用一定工艺,在TiO₂表面接入柠檬酸基团,提高其在水中的分散。采用红外光谱对其结构进行了表征,结果表明,柠檬酸可以引入到TiO₂表面。对柠檬酸改性样品进行了光催化性能评价,发现TiO₂经柠檬酸改性后,表面存在的—COOH基团可以起空穴捕获剂作用,使改性样品光降解甲基橙能力明显提高。     

TiO2／UV／O2和TiO2／UV／N2体系降解水中对氯硝基苯

以商用TiO2P25为催化剂,分别在TiO2/UV/O2和TiO2/UV/N2两种体系下进行降解对氯硝基苯(pCNB)试验.采用ESR对两种体系下光催化反应形成的.OH进行测定,利用LC-MS对两种体系下反应形成的中间产物进行了定性和定量分析,最后对pCNB降解过程中氯和硝基的存在形式进行了研究.结果表明:TiO2/UV/O2体系的催化降解效果要明显优于TiO2/UV/N2体系;两种反应体系都有.OH产生,并且TiO2/UV/O2体系产生的.OH的量多于TiO2/UV/N2体系产生的.OH的量;TiO2/UV/O2体系形成的中间产物的种类要多于TiO2/UV/N2体系形成的,苯环上的氢、氯、硝基均可被.OH取代形成对硝基酚(pNP)、5-氯-2-硝基酚(5-C-2-PN)等酚类物质;两种体系下均有Cl-和NO2-存在,其中Cl-生成势与pCNB的去除势一致,只有TiO2/UV/O2体系中存在NO3-.     

Dimensional Stability of Wool Cloth and Measurement of Relaxation Potential

The following three types of dimensional change in wool cloth are discussed— (1) Relaxation shrinkage, which is irreversible and is caused by the release of latent strains in the cloth. (2) Hygral change, which is the reversible change in dimensions occurring when the regain of wool cloth changes. (3) Press shrinkage caused by pressing cloth in a locked steam press. A new method of measuring steam-relaxation shrinkage is described. This is more appropriate than water soaking as a guide to performance in garment manufacture. Finally, high-temperature decatising is described, and its effects on the properties of the cloth are discussed.     

TiO2柱撑膨润土吸附染料副品红的性能

以Sol-Gel法制备TiO2溶胶和钇掺杂TiO2溶胶为柱化剂,制备出了TiO2柱撑膨润土和钇掺杂Tiq柱撑膨润土。X射线衍射分析表明,经柱撵后的膨润土层间距明显增大,达1．9mn以上,经500℃煅烧后,其层间距稳定在1．8mn以上。研究了4种TiO2柱撑膨润土对副品红的吸附性能,结果表明：4种TiO2柱撑膨润土对副品红有很高的吸附去除效果,当投土量为0．1g时,副品红的吸附去除率分别为98．78％、94．03％、99．24％、96．58％;4种TiO2柱撑膨润土对副品红的吸附在60min达到平衡;温度升高,副品红的去除率略有上升;溶液pH值对副品红的去除有一定的影响,在酸性和碱性条件下的去除率略大于中性。     

水性聚氨酯-SiO2/TiO2复合涂料的制备与研究

本文采用溶胶-凝胶法,用钛酸四丁酯与正硅酸乙酯制备了纳米级SiO2／TiO2复合微粒,将其分散在聚醚型水性聚氨酯中,制备了新型水性聚氨酯-SiO2／TiO2复合涂料。傅立叶变换红外光谱及透射电镜测试表明纳米TiO2颗粒表面成功地包覆上SiO2,在聚氨酯乳液中复合微粒粒径为60nm左右;分光光度法测试表明TiO2质量分数为20％的复合微粒在聚氨酯水乳液中具有良好的分散性能,而加入质量分数为1％的十二烷基磺酸钠后,对SiO2／TiO2纳米粉末的分散性能改善最大;力学性能测试表明加入SiO2／TiO2纳米复合微粒能有效提高水性聚氨酯的力学性能,当复合微粒质量分数为0.6％时,其力学性能达到最佳。     

TiO2及TiO2-SiO2复合氧化物特性及其降解水中有机污染物的光催化活性

TiO2 and TiO2-SiO2 photocatalysts were prepared by sol-gel and supercritical CO2 fluid drying method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), etc. Their catalytic properties were tested through the photocatalytic degradation of phenol and aniline in wastewater. The results show that the developed fluidized photocatalytic reactor (FPR) and TiO2 catalyst had better performance in degrading pollutants as compared with slurry photocatalytic reactor (SPR) and commercial TiO2 catalyst. The composition and crystal form of TiO2-SiO2 composite oxide had obvious influence on catalytic effect and TiO2-SiO2 photocatalysts showed better catalytic activity and stability.     

Oxygen Vacancy Clusters Enriched TiO2 with Low Pt Content for Superior Photocatalytic Activity

Catalysis Letters - A facile strategy for preparing Ov clusters enriched TiO2 (Ovc-TiO2) is developed via pre-hydroxylation-assisted vacuum calcination. The occurrence of Ov clusters is verified by...     

Study on Disposal of Textile Dyes in Aqueous Solution by TiO2 Pillared Bentonite

TiO₂/bentonite composites were prepared by a sol–gel method. X-ray diffraction measurements of the samples revealed that TiO₂ had intercalated into the layers of bentonite and existed in anatase phase of TiO₂. Acid red 3R was used as model compounds of textile dyes in this study. The effects of operational parameters, including TiO₂ content, pH, as well as catalyst dosage, on photocatalytic degradation performance were examined. The experimental results showed that the removal rate of acid red 3R can be up to 96.7% under the following conditions: the dosage of TiO₂/bentonite was 2 g/L, the content of TiO₂ was 30%, the pH value was 3. And the photocatalytic reaction followed pseudo-first-order kinetics models.     

氯苯溶液TiO2光催化降解的动力学研究

利用掺银负载型TiO2作为光催化剂,对氯苯溶液进行紫外光催化降解处理。研究表明,氯苯光催化降解属表观一级动力学过程,可以用Langmuir-Hinshelwood模型来描述,并得到动力学方程。