Non-symmetric extension of a small flaw into a plane crack at a constant rate under polynomial-form loadings

The superposition-related problems which arise from the non-symmetric extension at a constant rate of a plane crack from a small flaw by the removal of normal and shear tractions along the crack plane is treated. It is assumed that these tractions are, or can be approximated by, polynomials in the spatial and time variables in the crack plane. Because any more general polynomial can be obtained by proper combination, attention is focused on polynomials homogeneous of degree $\text{n ? 0}$ which have n + 1 terms with arbitrary constant coefficients. Expressions for the stresses and displacements are readily obtained as single integrals of analytic functions and observations concerning the dynamic intensity factors at the crack edges are made. Certain previously obtained results follow as special cases of the present work.     

Prior-to-failure extension of flaws under monotonic and pulsating loadings

An equation governing the prior to failure crack propagation is proposed. For a rate-sensitive solid containing two-dimensional crack and subject to the tensile mode of fracture the differential equations are integrated numerically for the loads increasing monotonically in time. The resulting integral curves gs = σ(l) and l= l(t), i.e. load vs crack length and length vs time, indicate that the growth of cracks in the subcritical range is strongly rate dependent.The fatigue growth, viewed as a sequence of slow growth periods, is simulated on EAI 380 analogue computer. The fourth power law proposed by Paris is confirmed only within certain range of high-cycle fatigue propagation and for a rate-insensitive solid. Otherwise, that is for a more pronounced rate dependency induced by viscosity of a solid and/or in the proximity of the final instability point the growth is markedly enhanced. For sufficiently small ratios of the applied stress intensity range ΔK to the toughness K_c, the suggested fatigue growth law consists of two terms, i.e.

$\text{d}\text{l}\text{d}\text{n}\text{=}\text{l}{}_1\text{12}\text{4}\text{ΔK}\text{K}{}_{\mathrm{c}}{}^4\text{+Cf}{}^{\mathrm{?1}}\text{ΔK}\text{K}{}_{\mathrm{c}}{}^2\text{, l}{}_1\text{=}\text{πK}{}^2{}_{\mathrm{c}}\text{8Y}{}^2$

First term is the familiar Paris expression while the second one accounts for the rate-dependent contribution; f denotes frequency and Y is the yield strength. Rate-sensitivity C is defined by eq. (1.13).     

Penny shaped crack in a three-dimensional piezoelectric strip under in-plane normal loadings

Summary The singular mechanical and electric fields in a three-dimensional piezoelectric ceramic strip containing a penny shaped crack under in-plane normal mechanical and electrical loadings based on the continuous electric boundary conditions on the crack surface are considered here. The potential theory and Hankel transforms are used to obtain a system of dual integral equations, which is then expressed as a Fredholm integral equation. All sorts of field intensity factors of Mode I are given, and numerical values for PZT-6B piezoelectric ceramic are graphically shown.     

Exact buckling solutions for composite laminates: proper free edge conditions under in-plane loadings

Summary This paper considers the elastic buckling of symmetric cross-ply laminated rectangular plates with two parallel edges simply supported, one edge free and the remaining edge free, simply supported or clamped. The first-order shear deformation plate theory is used in the analysis. An error apparently made by previous researchers for boundary conditions at free edges subjected to in-plane loads is corrected. Closed-form buckling factors are obtained using a generalised Levy-type solution method to solve the differential equations which govern the buckling behaviour of the laminates. Comparisons are made with previously published results, and the differences between buckling factors obtained with the appropriate and inappropriate free edge conditions are examined. The variation of buckling factors with plate aspect ratio, thickness ratio and the number of layers is investigated. Sets of first-known buckling solutions for cross-ply laminates are reported in design charts and tables.     

Homogenization of fibrous piezoelectric composites with general imperfect interfaces under anti-plane mechanical and in-plane electrical loadings

The present paper aims mainly to estimate the size-dependent effective properties of fibrous piezoelectric composites with general imperfect interfaces. The interface model used states that the displacement, traction, electric potential, and normal electric displacement all suffer jumps across an interface. In addition, it can degenerate into the well-known special ones by employing appropriate high-contrast interfacial parameters. To achieve our objective, an auxiliary inhomogeneity problem of a circular fiber embedded in an infinite cylindrical reference phase via general imperfect interface under anti-plane mechanical and in-plane electrical boundary conditions is analytically solved. This solution allows us to apply the well-known micromechanical schemes such as the dilute, Mori–Tanaka to obtain the closed-form expressions for the size-dependent overall properties of composites under consideration. Some numerical examples are provided for illustrating the features of the obtained general results.     

Post-buckling analysis of skew plates subjected to combined in-plane loadings

Post-buckling behavior of laminated composite, sandwich and functionally graded skew plates is analyzed in the present work. The problem formulation is based on higher-order shear deformation theory and von Kármán’s nonlinear kinematics. Linear mapping is used to transform the physical domain into the computational domain. Chebyshev polynomials are used for spatial discretization of governing differential equations and boundary conditions. The nonlinear terms are linearized using quadratic extrapolation technique. The effect of the skew angle on the buckling and post-buckling response of the composite, sandwich and FGM-clamped skew plates is investigated for different combinations of in-plane compressive loadings.     

热力载荷下多材料构件连接区的界面断裂分析

应用改进的虚裂纹闭合技术对热、力载荷作用下多材料构件连接区界面进行断裂分析。首先,通过对含橡胶夹层的复合材料层合板单腿弯曲（SLB）试件断裂分析,研究了在不同温度载荷作用下,橡胶夹层对试件能量释放率及其各型分量的影响。其次,对具有热流边界下,典型复合材料-橡胶-金属组成的多材料圆柱壳体连接裙结构进行了热力耦合断裂分析,结果表明裂纹总能量释放率随温度升高而增大。最后,针对该连接裙结构讨论了裂纹位置和橡胶层厚度对裂纹能量释放率的影响,指出适当增加橡胶层厚度可以降低裂纹能量释放率,但橡胶厚层度与界面韧性之间存在尺寸效应。     

Rapid interface flaw extension with friction—I. Basic analysis

If the bonding failure is in shear and large compressive stresses are present initially, the extension of an interface flaw in a laminate may be characterized by relative slip between the flaw surfaces resisted by sliding friction. As an introduction to a study of this problem, the basic mathematical analysis for the case of a non-symmetric, uniformly extending flaw at the interface of perfectly bonded half-planes under an initially uniform in-plane shear and compression stress field is considered. Several results which place restrictions on this initial field and raise questions for future work are noted. In particular, the dynamic stresses at the flaw edges generally do not have the standard square-root singularity. However, a critical flaw edge speed may exist at which the singular behavior partially vanishes and square-root singularities are present.     

Study of interaction curves for composite laminate subjected to in-plane uniaxial and shear loadings

In this study an attempt has been made to incorporate the effect of transverse shear on the stability of moderately thick/very thick composite laminated plates under in-plane compressive and shear loading using a Simple Higher Order Shear Deformation Theory based on four unknown displacement functions (u₀,v₀,w_b,w_s) instead of five which is commonly used in most of the higher order theories. The finite element method is employed to study the initial buckling load of laminated plates. The change in initial buckling response of thick rectangular antisymmetric laminates with respect to the fibre orientation angle has been studied. The interaction curves (between N_x and N_xy for different parameters of the laminates) are studied in detail.     

Finite element analysis of free edge stresses in non-linear viscoelastic composites under uniaxial extension,bending and twisting loadings

A finite element procedure for the analysis of time-dependent interlaminar stresses in non-linear viscoelastic laminated composites subjected to arbitrary combinations of axial extension, bending and/or twisting loads has been developed based on Schapery's non-linear constitutive relations and Pipes and Pagano's displacement field for laminates under a generalized plane deformation state. Parametric studies are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the numerical procedures. As illustrative examples, time-dependent non-linear interlaminar stresses for cross-ply and angle-ply laminates subjected to bending and twisting are present. Other layup orientations can be conveniently analysed using the presently developed numerical procedure. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fatigue design of structures under thermomechanical loadings

This paper presents a global approach to the design of structures that experience thermomechanical fatigue loading, which has been applied successfully in the case of cast‐‐iron exhaust manifolds. After a presentation of the design context in the automotive industry, the important hypotheses and choices of this approach, based on a thermal 3D computation, an elastoviscoplastic constitutive law and the dissipated energy per cycle as a damage indicator associated with a failure criterion, are first pointed out. Two particular aspects are described in more detail: the viscoplastic constitutive models, which permit a finite element analysis of complex structures and the fatigue criterion based on the dissipated energy per cycle. The FEM results associated with this damage indicator permit the construction of a design curve independent of temperature; an agreement is observed between the predicted durability and the results of isothermal as well as non isothermal tests on specimens and thermomechanical fatigue tests on real components on an engine bench. These results show that thermomechanical fatigue design of complex structures can be performed in an industrial context.     

Fatigue design of structures under thermomechanical loadings

This paper presents a global approach to the design of structures that experience thermomechanical fatigue loading, which has been applied successfully in the case of cast‐iron exhaust manifolds. After a presentation of the design context in the automotive industry, the important hypotheses and choices of this approach, based on a thermal 3D computation, an elastoviscoplastic constitutive law and the dissipated energy per cycle as a damage indicator associated with a failure criterion, are first pointed out. Two particular aspects are described in more detail: the viscoplastic constitutive models, which permit a finite element analysis of complex structures and the fatigue criterion based on the dissipated energy per cycle. The FEM results associated with this damage indicator permit the construction of a design curve independent of temperature; an agreement is observed between the predicted durability and the results of isothermal as well as non isothermal tests on specimens and thermomechanical fatigue tests on real components on an engine bench. These results show that thermomechanical fatigue design of complex structures can be performed in an industrial context.     

多孔材料在三向载荷作用下的力学模型

为更全面掌握三维网状多孔材料在工程应用中的安全承载问题,分析了各向同性的该类材料在三向载荷(多向载荷)作用下的力学性能.在其结构简化的基础上,提出了该类材料在三向载荷作用下相应的承载力学模型,其中三向载荷中的任何一个载荷都可以任意为拉伸和压缩.运用这一模型,可以判断当该类材料在承受上述载荷条件时是否会发生破坏,其用来判断的材料固有指标即是多孔体的孔率,该指标是多孔材料最基本的参量.     

Fatigue of welded steel joints under wideband loadings

Fatigue tests were conducted on high-strength welded steel cruciform-shaped specimens subjected to random loadings to investigate the effects of loading intensity, nonnormality and frequency bandwidth on the rate of fatigue damage accumulation. The test result are compared with predictions made using the Rayleigh approximation and rainflow analysis in terms of cycles and times to failure. Results indicate that nonnormality can significantly increase the rate of fatigue damage accumulation and result in nonconservative fatigue life estimates if it is effect is not accounted for properly. Likewise, frequency content was also found to influence the rate of fatigue damage accumulation, but to a lesser extent than nonnormality.     

考虑面内载荷的复合材料层合板冲击性能

考虑面内初始载荷作用,开展复合材料层合板高速冲击响应与损伤特性研究。设计一种面内拉伸/压缩/剪切初始载荷施加装置,结合气炮试验装置,提出一种初始载荷复合材料高速冲击试验方法,针对X850/IM+和M21C/IMA两种牌号复合材料层合板开展高速冲击试验。结果表明:面内初始载荷对复合材料层合板高速冲击响应和损伤特性有显著影响;相比无初始载荷冲击情况,面内拉伸载荷作用提高了结构抗弯刚度,使冲击剩余速度提高,穿透速度降低,分层损伤面积减小;而面内压缩载荷则反之。      

Application of the European flaw assessment procedure SINTAP to thin wall structures subjected to biaxial and mixed mode loadings

A recently proposed slightly modified version of the European flaw assessment procedure SINTAP for thin wall structures has been applied to another 35 thin sheets made of two different aluminium alloys and two ferritic steels. The specimens were subjected to biaxial and mixed mode loadings. It is shown that the method allows predictions of the load versus crack extension characteristics with acceptable conservatism.