烘烤温度对莜麦面品质特性的影响

研究烘烤温度对莜麦面黏度特性、湿润下沉性、分散性、堆积密度和颜色的影响.利用电烤炉烘烤莜麦面,采用Brabender黏度仪和色差计分别测定了莜麦面的黏度特性和颜色参数.结果表明:烘烤温度升高可改变莜麦面Brabender黏度曲线类型,降低莜麦面的峰值黏度,提高莜麦面的堆积密度,使莜麦面颜色变深;当烘烤顶火温度达到200...     

不同原料复配对双螺杆挤压马铃薯年糕品质的影响

本研究通过在粳米粉、糯米粉、籼米粉中分别添加不同比例的马铃薯全粉,在特定双螺杆挤压条件下测定不同原料配比对挤压年糕品质特性的影响。研究结果表明:随着马铃薯全粉添加比例的增加,糯米、籼米和粳米3组年糕L*值均减小,b*值均增大;添加马铃薯全粉后,糯米组年糕蒸煮损失最大,籼米组次之,粳米组最小,且随着马铃薯全粉添加比例的增加,蒸煮损失均逐渐增大。马铃薯全粉的添加使得3组年糕硬度、咀嚼性增加;糯米组粘性增加,但弹性没有显著性变化;粳米组粘弹性先增加后减小,在马铃薯全粉添加量为40%时,其粘弹性值达到最大。扫描电镜结果表明,糯米年糕结构较疏松,粳米年糕和籼米年糕结构较紧实,添加马铃薯全粉使得年糕结构更加紧实。感官评价结果表明,粳米组得分较高。综合以上结果,以粳米粉为原料,马铃薯全粉添加量为40%时,双螺杆挤压年糕食用品质较好。     

不同品种和粒度对米粉糊化特性及米蛋糕品质的影响

为研究不同品种和粒度米粉对米蛋糕品质的影响,选取粳米、籼米、糯米三个品种,分别制备80、100、120、140目的米粉。通过测定不同品种和粒度米粉的糊化特性、米蛋糕的质构特性和感官品质等,采用定性方法分析得出不同品种和粒度米粉对米蛋糕品质的影响。结果表明:随着目数的增加,米粉小颗粒受到的机械损伤增大,水分迅速蒸发,米粉的水分含量逐渐减小;小颗粒粉体更容易吸水膨胀,糊化温度逐渐减小。而衰减值和回生值逐渐增大,峰值黏度和最终黏度先增大后减小;随米粉目数的增加,米蛋糕的咀嚼性逐渐减小,而硬度和弹性逐渐增大,内聚性和感官评分先增大后减小;不同品种米粉的糊化特性、老化特性以及蛋糕品质等均存在差异,米粉粒度对蛋糕品质具有一定的影响。在过筛目数为120目时,蛋糕的感官得分达到最高。当米粉过筛目数在140目粒径较小时,质地过于松软,食用时咀嚼性差,口感欠佳,蛋糕品质下降。相比于糯米粉而言,粳米粉和籼米粉更适宜制作蛋糕,由粳米粉为原料制作的蛋糕品质更好。综上所述,过筛目数为120目的粳米粉更适合制作蛋糕。     

Influence of Flour Particle Size on Quality of Gluten-Free Rice Cakes

There is a growing interest in developing gluten-free bakery products in recent time. In cake making, gluten network formation is not essential, but hardly any information exists about the influence of the gluten-free flour characteristics affecting the final cake product. This study analyses the influence of two different rice cultivars (short and long) with different flour particle size in batter characteristics (specific volume, viscosity and internal structure) and in sponge and layer cake formulas (volume, shape, texture and colour). During starch gelatinization, the finest flours (median particle size finer than 100 μm) increased their viscosity and reached the peak viscosity (RVA) later than the coarsest flours. Moreover, the finest flours gave batters with lower specific volumes but with an air distribution in smaller and uniform bubbles in both formulas. These flours also produced higher volume and lower firmness in sponge cakes and greater symmetry index both in sponge and layer cakes. The rice type also influenced batter and cakes characteristics but in a lesser extent. The different results obtained depending on the rice flour particle size, type flour and cake formulation indicate the need to define them both in industrial specifications and in research studies.     

不同藜麦粉添加量对海绵蛋糕面糊特性及烘焙特性的影响

为提高无麸质蛋糕的品质,通过测定不同藜麦粉添加量的面糊的流变特性和密度;蛋糕的比容、烘焙损失率、色差、感官评分以及贮藏7 d后蛋糕的质构特性、水分分布和老化焓值等指标,探究藜麦粉对无麸质面糊特性及蛋糕品质的影响。结果表明,面糊的弹性模量（G′）、黏性模量（G″）和密度与藜麦粉添加量呈正相关,进而增大了蛋糕比容并降低烘焙损失率,蛋糕气孔分布更加均匀。高比例的藜麦粉（30%～50%）能有效延缓蛋糕的老化。在贮藏7 d后,对照组和50%藜麦粉老化焓值分别增加至1.42 J/g和0.92 J/g。综上,添加藜麦粉能够显著提高面糊的流变特性和蛋糕的烘焙特性,延缓蛋糕老化。综合蛋糕感官评分和老化特性,藜麦粉添加量为30%时较为适宜,可以赋予无麸质海绵蛋糕更好的品质。     

稻米-高筋小麦混合粉面团的静态和动态流变学特性

本实验研究了6 种稻米-高筋混合粉面团的静态和动态流变学特性。结果表明,随着稻米粉添加量的增加,在动态流变频率扫描中,混合面团的储存模量（G’）和损耗模量（G’’）整体呈上升趋势,损耗角正切（tan δ）整体呈规律性下降趋势;在静态流变的蠕变松弛实验中,最大蠕变应变量、最大蠕变柔量和瞬时恢复柔量逐渐减小,零剪切黏度和瞬间恢复比率逐渐增加,表明加入稻米粉后面筋蛋白有所稀释,但稻米粉中的淀粉吸水膨胀相互黏附,且与米蛋白相互作用赋予面团更高的弹性模量和更复杂的内部结构。在动态流变的温度扫描中,糊化温度前后混合面团的黏弹性变化明显,G’和G’’曲线类似淀粉糊化曲线,说明生面团加热的过程中,影响其流变学特性的主要成分为淀粉;降温过程中,稻米粉添加量的影响较小,高温区G’和G’’呈规律性增加,温度低于60 ℃后各项流变指标规律性差;在整个降温的过程中样品均具有类固体的性质。     

乳酸菌发酵对混合米粉理化特性及年糕品质的影响

以嗜酸乳杆菌(HSP001)、清酒乳杆菌(HSP002)及复配菌株为发酵剂制备发酵混合米粉,分析乳酸菌发酵对混合米粉理化特性及年糕品质的影响。结果表明:乳酸菌发酵能显著提高混合米粉的持水性。糊化特性研究表明,清酒乳杆菌发酵的混合米粉的谷值黏度(TV)最高(1 295 cP),衰减值(BDV)最小(394 cP),最终黏度(FV)最大(1 295 cP),增强了凝胶产品的稳定性。流变特性研究表明,嗜酸乳杆菌发酵的混合米面团的储能模量(G'')和损耗模量(G'')最高,损耗正切值(tan δ)最小,弹性增强趋势明显。质构特性和蒸煮损失研究表明,以嗜酸乳杆菌发酵的混合米粉制备的年糕,其硬度及咀嚼性最低,凝聚性最好,蒸煮损失最少。感官评定结果显示:复配乳酸菌发酵制备的年糕呈现良好的感官品质。GC-MS分析表明:相较于单一菌株,复配乳酸菌发酵制备的年糕,醛类和酯类化合物的种类及含量有所增加,产品具有特有的发酵香味。研究结果为传统米制发酵食品研究与生产提供借鉴。     

Navy Bean Flour Particle Size and Protein Content Affect Cake Baking and Batter Quality1

Whole navy bean flour and its fine and coarse particle size fractions were used to completely replace wheat flour in cakes. Replacement of wheat flour with whole bean flour significantly increased the protein content. The protein content was adjusted to 3 levels with navy bean starch. The effect of navy bean flour and its fractions at 3 levels of protein on cake batter rheology and cake quality was studied and compared with wheat flour samples. Batters prepared from navy bean flour and its fractions had higher viscosity than the cake flour. Reducing the protein content by addition of starch significantly lowered the viscosity of cake batters. The whole navy bean flour and coarse bean fraction cakes were softer than cakes made with wheat flour but had reduced springiness. Principal component analysis showed a clear discrimination of cakes according to protein. It also showed that low protein navy bean flour cakes were similar to wheat flour cakes. Navy bean flour with protein content adjusted to the level of cake (wheat) flour has potential as a healthy alternative in gluten‐free cakes.     

发酵时间和蒸制强度对预拌粉马拉糕面糊特性及品质的影响

马拉糕的传统制作步骤复杂耗时,产量低且品质不稳定,而采用预拌粉制备马拉糕能有效缩短生产周期,稳定产品品质。本研究以常见马拉糕预拌粉配方为基础,重点探究了发酵时间（0～70 min）对面糊pH、体积增长量、气泡分布、黏度的影响,以及不同蒸制强度（5～25 mL/min）对成品中心温度、比容、含水量、质构、内部气孔分布及感官品质等指标的影响。结果表明,发酵阶段,随着发酵时间的延长,20%、25%和30%含水量的面糊黏度先升高再降低,达到黏度最大值的时间分别为60、40和30 min;20%和25%含水量面糊的pH降低和体积增加趋势无显著差异（P>0.05）,30%含水量面糊的p H降低速率变缓,发酵70 min后的体积增量（70.4 mL）只达到前两者各自增量（123.9 mL）的57%。面糊内部气泡直径总体增加,但单位面积内气泡数目下降15%～20%,气泡表面占有率没有明显变化,25%含水量面糊气泡大小分布范围最广。蒸制阶段,蒸制强度10 mL/min下马拉糕比容最大,20 mL/min下水分含量最高;蒸制强度低于15 mL/min,硬度、弹性、咀嚼性、回复性显著增加（P<0...     

添加糯小麦粉对小麦粉及其面条品质特性的影响

糯小麦与普通小麦的主要差异是糯小麦不含直链淀粉或其含量很低,其对面制品的制作品质产生一定的影响。本研究利用"济糯1号"分别与"济麦20"和"济麦22"按20%、40%、60%和80%的添加量进行配粉,研究糯小麦粉对普通小麦粉品质特性的影响及其面条制品品质的改良作用。结果表明:"济糯1号"的淀粉糊化回升值为449 c P,显著低于"济麦20"和"济麦22";籽粒硬度达64.89,籽粒蛋白质含量(干基)达16.14%,面筋指数为66.08%,粉质仪稳定时间为2.00 min,鲜面条色泽变化小,2 h和24 h的ΔE*分别为3.83和5.29;"济糯1号"与"济麦20"的配粉中,随糯小麦粉添加量的增加,配粉的淀粉回升值降低,面筋指数降低,吸水率增加,面团稳定时间变短,鲜面条色泽2 h和24 h的ΔE*逐渐变小,配粉面条的适口性和光滑性更好;"济糯1号"与"济麦22"的配粉中,随糯小麦粉添加量的增加,面粉蛋白含量增加、面筋指数升高、吸水率增加、淀粉糊化的回升值降低,鲜面条色泽2 h和24 h的ΔE*逐渐变小,配粉的面条制作品质好,面条的适口性和光滑性均改善;糯小麦粉的添加使配粉的面粉品质特性和淀粉特性更有利于面条制作品质的改良,"济糯1号"适宜添加量为20%~40%。     

Effects of Soy and Corn Flour Addition on Batter Rheology and Quality of Deep Fat-Fried Shrimp Nuggets

In this paper, the effects of soy and corn flour (5 and 10% w/w) addition to the batter formulation on the quality of deep fat-fried shrimp nuggets were evaluated. Rheological properties of batters, coating pick-up, moisture content, and oil content of the samples were determined. Shrimp nuggets were fried at 150 °C, 170 °C, 190 °C, for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 min. The coating pick-up, oil and moisture content were found to be directly proportional to batter viscosity. All batters were found to show shear thinning behavior by exhibiting flow behavior index ≤ 1. The batters were modeled as power law fluids. Batter formulation, frying time, and temperature significantly (p < 0.01) affected moisture and oil content of shrimp nuggets. Soy flour added batters provided the highest consistency index, 7.595 and 10.635 Pa.sⁿ for 5% and 10% soy flour added, respectively. Soy flour was found to be an effective ingredient in decreasing oil content of fried nuggets. Batters containing 5% corn flour showed the lowest moisture content and the highest oil content among all the formulations. The mean moisture and fat content of shrimp nuggets coated with batter contained 10% soy and 5% corn flour, fried at 190 °C, for 5 min were 0.59 ± 0.022, 0.480 ± 0.029 and 0.149 ± 0.035, 0.346 ± 0.024 (g/g db), respectively.     

米粉品种和粒度对蛋糕糊力学特性及成品品质的影响

为探究米粉品种和粒度对蛋糕糊力学特性及成品品质的影响,以粳米、籼米和糯米为研究对象,分别制备80,100,120,140目的米粉,分析蛋糕糊的质构、基础流变学特性以及蛋糕成品的质构特性、感官品质。结果表明,随粒度减小,损伤淀粉含量呈增加趋势,其中140目的糯米粉中损伤淀粉含量最大为23.1%。蛋糕糊的动态流变学结果表明,所有蛋糕糊的弹性均大于黏性,均表现出类似半固体的行为,初步判定为黏弹性流体。籼米粉和粳米粉蛋糕糊的G’值均高于糯米粉,G″值均低于糯米粉;随米粉颗粒粒度减小（80～140目）,籼米粉和粳米粉,蛋糕糊的G’增加,G″减小,而糯米粉相反。蛋糕糊的大形变质构特性结果表明,粳米粉、籼米粉、小麦粉蛋糕糊的弹性及回复性随粒度的减小而增大,黏聚性随粒度的减小而减小,而糯米粉蛋糕糊与之相反。蛋糕的质构结果表明,米粉粒度减小,蛋糕的硬度增大;米粉蛋糕的硬度与小麦粉蛋糕相比,整体上偏高,其中籼米粉蛋糕的硬度显著高于小麦粉和其它品种。感官分析粒度为120目的粳米粉评分最高。弹性模量与蛋白质和直链淀粉含量分别呈显著正相关和极显著正相关,与损伤淀粉含量呈显著负相关,黏性模量与直链淀粉含量呈极显著...     

不同杂粮对面粉品质特性的影响研究

本文以谷物杂粮为研究对象,通过将不同质量的红豆粉、绿豆粉、玉米粉和燕麦粉混合于小麦粉中,观测其对面粉的品质特性和面包质量的影响。试验结果表明：除玉米粉外,随着其他杂粮添加量的增加,其蛋白质、面筋和灰分含量呈增加趋势;而混合粉的峰值黏度、最低黏度、衰减值、最终黏度和回生值均有所下降;添加绿豆粉和红豆粉的小麦粉在添加量12%时其峰值黏度最低,而添加12%燕麦粉的小麦粉峰值黏度突然增大;峰值时间和糊化温度明显降低。杂粮的添加改变了面团的品质特性。综合评价后认为最佳添加比为不超过12%。     

中国菜籽饼粕品质特征及其影响因素研究

在全国17个油菜主产县区采集菜籽粕样品112份、菜籽饼样品111份、35份主要加工环节的样品以及10个品种纯种双低菜籽、34份混杂商品菜籽。对上述样品主要营养成分、抗营养/毒性成分的化学分析结果显示:国产菜籽粕、菜籽饼中性洗涤纤维含量分别为34.45%±8.44%、30.66%±3.11%,国产菜籽粕硫苷含量为(79.1±44.99)μmol/g。中性洗涤纤维、硫苷含量高、变异大是国产菜籽饼粕区别于加拿大卡诺拉粕的主要品质特征。纯种双低菜籽硫苷含量为(35.2±6.52)μmol/g,商品菜籽硫苷含量为(78.5±21.76)μmol/g,混杂是引起菜籽饼粕硫苷含量偏高、变异增大的主要原因。低温冷榨饼、预压浸出粕、螺旋热榨饼和液压热榨饼的中性洗涤纤维含量分别为(32.0±2.31)%、(34.6±3.40)%、(47.2±3.43)%、(51.5±7.48)%,相互间差异都达到极显著水平(P<0.01),中性洗涤纤维含量的增加主要发生在焙炒、压榨、脱溶等热处理环节,过热处理是导致当前国产菜籽饼粕品质降低的关键。中性洗涤纤维可作为饼粕热加工质量的适宜控制指标。