红外体表温度计示值修正值测量结果的不确定度评定

笔者结合校准某高校保障复学送检的580台红外体表温度计的工作实践,通过对红外体表温度计示值修正值测量不确定度的分析和评定,以期为校准活动和仪器日常使用提供技术支持。一、概述1.测量依据:JJF1107-2003《测量人体温度的红外温度计校准规范》。2.测量环境条件:温度18℃~22℃,湿度(30~70)%RH,无强环境辐射,无强空气对流。3.测量对象:红外体温计(TD133),分辨力0.1℃,MPE=±0.3℃。     

压力式电接点温度计示值误差测量结果的不确定度评定

正一、概述1.测量依据JJG310-2002《压力式温度计检定规程》。2.环境条件环境温度:15℃~35℃;湿度:不大于85%RH。3.测量标准二等标准水银温度计,温度0℃~100℃。4.被测对象压力式电接点温度计温度范围0℃~100℃、准确度为1.5级、分度值为1℃。5.测量方法压力式电接点温度计的示值误差检定是将二等标准水银温度计和被检压力式温度计一同置于恒温槽中进行,采用比较法进行检定。     

国产氧化钒红外探测器响应特性研究

国产氧化钒非制冷红外探测器的响应率、非均匀性、噪声等效温差等响应特性是影响红外成像系统核心指标的重要因素.研究探测器的靶面温度和环境温度对响应特性的影响,可以为探测器的分温区标定、改进非均匀性校正算法、整机热设计等各个方面提供有效的指导,进而为后续提升红外图像质量和整机连续工作稳定性奠定基础.     

高温测量系统研究

介绍一种高温测量系统,其基于Planck辐射原理和光纤测温技术.测量系统由高温光纤传感器、光电探测器、前置放大器和信号处理单元组成.该系统采用标准铂铑30-铂铑6热电偶在卧式炉中实现了标定,该测量系统可以在600℃至1600℃温度范围内使用.     

8~14μm辐射温度计标定公式误差分析北大核心CSCD

插值公式法是红外辐射温度计标定的一种常用方法。为选择使用8~14 μm波段辐射温度计的标定公式,采用MATLAB仿真的方法,基于8~14 μm矩形光谱响应假设进行定量分析,模拟了几种常用的标定公式在8~14 μm波段、-50~1 000 ℃的标定过程,根据仿真结果,比较了几种标定公式的准确度,并分析了标定温度点的选择对标定结果的影响,最终确定了该波段最适用的标定公式和标定点。     

关于提高红外筛检仪测量精度的研究

本文从非制冷焦平面探测器成像技术、参考黑体、温度标定三个方面,说明了在较低温度下提高红外筛检仪测量精度的方法.     

H500型红外遥感定标高精度真空黑体辐射源的研制

对中国计量科学研究院研制的温度范围覆盖-93~220℃的H500型红外遥感定标高精度真空黑体辐射源进行了介绍。采用圆柱圆锥黑体腔和双层4段PID控温,在真空低背景(液氮冷却)环境下对该黑体进行了性能测试,在大气室温环境下,利用控制环境辐射反射比发射率测量方法测量了黑体空腔发射率和利用红外标准辐射温度计测量空腔底部温度均匀性等指标。实验结果表明,该黑体辐射源升温速率为1℃/min下,控制到温度点的稳定时间优于50 min,并且10 min内的温度稳定性在0.01℃以内;黑体温度设置在20℃、30℃和50℃下空腔发射率的测量结果分别为0.9965、0.9966和0.9963;其黑体底部温度均匀性优于0.03℃;在整个温度区域内扩展不确定度优于0.1℃(k=2)。     

面向定量化红外遥感的热电堆探测器定标技术

从红外遥感信息定量化的发展要求出发,分析了测辐射热计、热电堆探测器和热释电探测器的响应特性,选择薄膜热电堆探测器TS-76作为传递标准探测器.搭建高精度光谱响应率定标系统,使用宽波段可调谐激光器和绝对低温辐射计对TS-76探测器的线性、空间均匀性以及重复性进行了标定.按照国际通用不确定度评估规范,对光谱响应率测量结果进行不确定度分析和评估,联合不确定度小于1.5%,并根据实验结果提出实现高精度中远红外辐射定标的技术方案,证明基于热电堆探测器的红外辐射定标技术可以有效缩短标准传递的链路,提高定标的精度.     

环境温度对红外辐射式体温计读数的影响

本简要介绍了所研制的红外辐射式体温计的构成及标定实验方法；研究了环境温度对体温计的影响；并在实验基础上提出了采用分段标定及对环境温度补结果进行修正的方法，提出了测量精度。     

红外体温检测手环的温度补偿研究

精准的腕部可穿戴测温设备,对于健康检测、疾病防控具有重大意义。外界环境因素对红外测温传感器的测量干扰较大,需要进行温度补偿。为此,设计一款基于MLX90614的红外体温检测手环,并对其温度补偿方法进行分析与研究。对环境温度、测量距离等因素进行实验,建立了腋下温度、腕部温度、环境温度之间的数学模型。最终证明该方法能够良好修正腕部温度的测量误差,在一定的环境温度范围内,最大温度偏差不超过0.1℃。     

High-Speed Infrared Radiation Thermometry for Microscale Thermophysical Property Measurements

A new infrared radiation thermometer having a high temporal response and a high spatial resolution is being developed at NMIJ to meet the existing demand for measurements of thermophysical properties of thin films, coatings, and solids in microscale. The thermometer consists of a photovoltaic (pv)-type of mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) detector and a compact Cassegrain type of mirror optics without a mechanical chopper. The performance of the thermometer has been well characterized experimentally. Sensing infrared radiation around 10 μm of wavelength, the thermometer covers the temperature range from −50 to 150°C and has a temperature resolution better than 0.3°C at −50°C for blackbody radiators. The spatial resolution has also been checked by using a test pattern (USAF 1951) for rating the resolution of optical systems. Temperature changes of specimen surfaces in periodic heating with a laser beam modulated above 100 kHz have been observed successfully with the thermometer. The results shows that the thermometer has great potential for measuring the thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity, and specific heat capacity of microscale substances at low temperatures based on the periodic heating and pulsed laser heating methods. Paper presented at the Fifteenth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 22–27, 2003, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.     

Two-color mid-infrared thermometer with a hollow glass optical fiber

We have developed a low-temperature optical-fiber-based two-color infrared thermometer. A single 700-mum-bore hollow glass optical fiber collects and transmits radiation that is then modulated and split into two paths by a reflective optical chopper. Two different thermoelectrically cooled mid-infrared HgCdZnTe photoconductors monitor the chopped signals that are recovered with lock-in amplification. With the two previously obtained blackbody calibration equations, a computer algorithm calculates the true temperature and emissivity of a target in real time, taking into account reflection of the ambient radiation field from the target surface. The small numerical aperture of the hollow glass fiber and the fast response of the detectors, together with the two-color principle, permit high spatial and temporal resolution while allowing the user to dynamically alter the fiber-to-target distance.     

近红外线吸收纤维的组成、结构与性能研究

以碳化锆、碳化硅和聚丙烯为原料。熔融皮芯复合纺丝制成了具有不同组成和结构的近红外线吸收纤维，并采用DSC、单纤维强力仪、红外灯和点温计等测试了纤维和非织造布的性能。结果表明，陶瓷粉的种类、添加量以及添加方式均影响纤维的近红外线吸收性能，皮层中含有4％(质量分数)碳化锆的纤维具有最佳近红外线吸收性能。     

红外辐射温度计专用数字表的研制及评价

日本CHINO公司生产的IR-RST系列标准辐射温度计由于没有设计温度显示装置,无法实时显示温度,针对此类型温度计设计了一款专用的电压测量和温度显示,同时可提供24V直流电压的电测显示仪表。利用高等级的电压源和数字电压表,修正了本专用数字表的误差系数,并考核了稳定性,得到其最大相对误差不超过0.03%。与一款名义波长为0.65 μm的IR-RST辐射温度计配合使用,通过TG HT-9500型高温炉对其组合进行内插分度,实验结果证实分度后校准准确度优于0.03%,1 300 ℃时系统测量结果的扩展不确定度为0.62 ℃。     

Multi-channel Optical Fiber Thermometer for PEM Fuel-Cell Applications

Miniature, durable, and fast-responding temperature sensors are needed for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). When embedded in a single cell or in a cell stack, they can provide useful information both at the design stage for optimizing the cell efficiency and during operation for monitoring the working conditions and thus preventing failures. Optical fiber sensors are especially promising in this field because they are small, rugged, and inexpensive. In addition, they can provide safe temperature measurements in an electrically hostile environment. A four-channel optical fiber thermometer, based on intensity-independent fluorescence lifetime thermometry was developed at INRIM. It consists of a photonic unit for the excitation/detection of the fluorescence signals and a set of custom optical fiber probes based on a temperature-sensitive fluorescent material attached to the distal end of an optical fiber. The system was characterized in the range from room temperature to about 100 °C in order to point out its metrological features. A temperature repeatability to within 0.06 °C with a response time lower than 1 s to a step temperature change was obtained. A preliminary investigation inside a PEMFC stack using the optical fiber fluorescence thermometer was also performed. In order to check the temperature uniformity along the stack, temperatures within an adjacent membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of a six-fuel-cell stack were measured during the unit operation. The system design, the probe construction, and its laboratory testing are presented in this article together with an assessment of the overall system performance. The application of such a system in a fuel-cell test rig is also described. The experimental results demonstrate the suitability of the system in real-time temperature mapping in operating fuel cells.     

Ni2+掺杂尖晶石相透明微晶玻璃制备及光学性能

实验制备了Ni²⁺掺杂的ZnO-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂(ZMAS)体系的透明微晶玻璃, 研究了微晶玻璃的超宽带发光现象。热分析结果表明样品的玻璃化转变温度(T_g)和析晶峰温度(T_c)分别为754℃和948℃。采用X射线粉末衍射分析了两种热处理制度对玻璃的晶体形核、晶体生长及物相变化的影响, 结果表明: 采用阶梯温度热处理制度可以得到Ni²⁺掺杂的尖晶石相透明微晶玻璃。紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱测试表明制备的Ni²⁺掺杂ZMAS微晶玻璃中Ni²⁺以四配位和六配位共同存在于尖晶石相中, 红外荧光中心位于1324 nm的样品荧光半高宽达490 nm。样品的超宽带荧光主要是由于微晶玻璃中六配位Ni²⁺在ZnAl₂O₄和MgAl₂O₄形成的尖晶石相固溶体晶体场中的³T_2g(³F)→³A_2g(³F) 能级跃迁。实验结果表明, 制备的微晶玻璃在超宽带光纤放大器等光子器件中具有潜在的应用前景。     

红外光纤双波段法对桥丝温度的测量

针对桥丝辐射温度检测中存在被测目标体积小,红外辐射量小,远距离传输损耗大等难点技术问题,设计了一种双波长光纤温度测量系统.根据电火工品热辐射的原理,得出双波长测温教学模型,采取有效的光学光纤耦合和提高系统信噪比的措施,采用InSb(响应波长范围为0.8 ～3 μm)和HgCdTe(响应波长范围为3～5 μm)双波段探测...     

热处理温度对Bi2O3/ATO复合功能填料红外-可见光兼容隐身性能的影响

采用固相法制备了Bi2O3/ATO复合功能填料,借助于XRD、SEM、分光光度计和辐射率仪研究了热处理温度分别对复合功能填料的物相组成、微观形貌、可见光及红外隐身性能的影响。结果表明,随着热处理温度的升高,复合功能填料的红外辐射率先下降后升高,当热处理温度为800℃时,复合功能填料的红外辐射率最低,达到了0.67。填料的最高反射峰出现在黄橙光范围内,但是,样品在可见光区的反射峰面积和平均反射率均随着热处理温度的升高逐渐增大。因此,复合功能填料的颜色亮度可以根据煅烧温度进行调节,适于制备多色红外迷彩涂料。     

金刚石自支撑膜的高温红外透过性能

由于金刚石具有低吸收和优异的力学与导热性能使其成为长波(8~12μm)红外光学窗口材料的重要选择。对于许多极端条件的应用,化学气相沉积(CVD)金刚石自支撑膜的高温光学性质至关重要。应用直流电弧等离子喷射法制备光学级金刚石自支撑膜进行变化温度的红外光学透过性能研究,采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射、激光拉曼和傅里叶变换红外-拉曼光谱仪检测CVD金刚石膜的表面形貌、结构特征和红外光学性能。结果表明:在27℃时金刚石膜长波红外8~12μm之间的平均透过率达到65.95%,在500℃时8~12μm处的平均透过率为52.5%。透过率下降可分为3个阶段。对应于透过率随温度的下降,金刚石膜的吸收系数随温度的升高而增加。金刚石自支撑膜表面状态的变化,对金刚石膜光学性能的影响显著大于内部结构的影响。     

多光谱表面温度计信号调理电路设计及环境适应性研究

多光谱测温是发动机和重型燃机热端表面温度测量的一种重要方法,但是由于背景环境温差大、湿度不确定和电磁干扰等不利因素,给多光谱表面温度计微弱信号处理带来非常大的困难。本文主要研究适用于复杂环境下的多光谱表面温度计微弱信号调理电路设计,研究选型适用于多光谱表面温度计的近红外探测器方法;创新性地采用了输入保护环、开尔文开关等技术,提升了信号放大的准确性;介绍了电路板板材选用方法,电路三防工艺和防电磁干扰的具体实施方式。通过实验表明,多光谱表面温度计满足测量需求,具有一定的环境适应能力。