苯乙烯-丙烯腈交联树脂微球的制备及对Pb2+的吸附性能研究

为了解决含重金属离子的工业废水对环境造成的污染问题，可吸附重金属离子的高分子交联树脂成为研究热点。以过氧化二苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂、二乙烯基苯为交联剂、苯乙烯(St)、丙烯腈(AN)为聚合单体，通过溶液聚合制得苯乙烯-丙烯腈(St-AN)交联树脂。通过扫描电镜和红外光谱测试研究此交联树脂的形貌和化学结构。研究结果表明，成功制备了苯乙烯-丙烯腈(St-AN)交联树脂，此交联树脂呈小球状。以铅离子为研究对象，研究该交联树脂微球在不同的pH值下对铅离子的吸附影响以及吸附率随时间的变化。结果表明该交联树脂微球对铅离子吸附能力强，2 h内吸附率达到90%;交联树脂微球对铅离子吸附受酸度影响，pH值5.5附近，吸附能力最佳，可作为金属螯合剂以及絮凝剂有效处理水中的重金属离子污染物。     

大孔偕胺肟树脂的合成及其对镓的吸附性能

采用悬浮聚合法先合成出了丙烯腈(AN)-二乙烯基苯(DVB)交联骨架,制备了具有偕胺肟基团的大孔螯合树脂,表征了其结构和形貌,并用于拜耳溶液中镓的吸附. 研究了二乙烯苯含量、油相稀释剂种类及用量、第三单体、胺肟化反应条件对树脂吸附镓的性能的影响. 结果表明,螯合树脂的吸附性能随DVB含量增加先增加后降低,DVB含量为8%(w)时吸附性能最好,选用60%(w)甲苯和30%(w)航油作油相稀释剂,树脂的吸附率最大,分别为46%和52%. 添加少量(2%)第三单体甲基丙烯酸甲酯使树脂吸附率提高到57%.     

悬浮法合成EPDM—g—MAN接枝共聚物及其对SAN树脂的增韧作用

用悬浮接枝共聚合法合成了乙烯-丙烯-乙叉降冰片烯三元乙丙橡胶（EPDM）与甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯腈（MMA—AN）共单体的接枝共聚物（EPDM—g—MAN）。将其与苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物（SAN树脂）共混制备了耐热氧老化黄变性能优异的高抗冲工程塑料EPDM—g—MAN／SAN共混物（AEMS）。研究了仇（AN）／m（MMA—AN）和m（EPDM）／m（MMA—AN）对5个接枝共聚体系反应行为的影响。结果发现,随着AN比率（fAN）的增加,共单体的转化率（CR）、接枝率（GR）和接枝效率（GE）都有所下降;随着m（EPDM）／m（MMA—AN）的增加,CR先增后降,GE增加,GR下降;随着优（AN）／（MMA—AN）和m（EPDM）／m（MMA—AN）的增加,AEMS的缺口冲击强度先增后降,出现极大值。AEMS在‰为5％,CR为98．9％,GR为68．4％,GE为84．6％时出现极大值,为76．8kJ／m^2。FTIR图谱显示,EPDM确已接枝上了甲基丙烯酸甲酯一丙烯腈（MAN）支链。TEM分析表明,m（EPDM）／m（MMA～AN）为55／45,fAN为10％时合成的EPDM—g—MAN在SAN树脂中以“海-岛”结构存在,相界面模糊,EPDM粒子的粒径范围为0．2～0．5μm,增韧效率高。     

偏氯乙烯-丙烯腈悬浮共聚树脂的颗粒特性

采用悬浮聚合制备偏氯乙烯(VDC)均聚树脂和偏氯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚(VDC-AN)树脂,考察了AN含量对VDC-AN树脂颗粒形态和结晶特性的影响。结果表明,随着AN含量的增加,VDC-AN树脂颗粒形态逐渐由疏松结构向致密结构变化。当AN的质量分数小于或等于8.8%时,共聚树脂具有疏松的颗粒结构,颗粒内部有0.1～2.0 μm的初级粒子间孔隙;当共聚物中AN的质量分数大于或等于12.3%时,颗粒内部初级粒子黏并严重,初级粒子间孔隙基本消失,且共聚树脂基本不结晶。AN单体的引入,使VDC聚合物结晶性下降,单体对聚合物的溶胀性增加,是VDC树脂颗粒由疏松向致密结构转变的主要原因。     

PDMS-g-MMA-AN耐油性能的研究

研究了聚二甲基硅氧烷 (PDMS)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (MMA)及不同质量分数丙烯腈 (AN)的接枝共聚物的玻璃化转变温度 (Tg)和耐油性。试验结果表明 ,PDMS g MMA AN接枝共聚物具有两种结构形态 ,即软段主链的PDMS和硬段支链的PMMA或PMMA PAN ;当AN的质量分数增大时 ,硬段支链的放热峰面积增大 ;AN质量分数为0 10和 0 5 0的接枝硅橡胶耐油性最好     

MACS树脂的合成及性能研究

以氯化聚乙烯(CPE)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯腈(AN)和苯乙烯(St)为原料,以BPO为引发剂,通过溶胀悬浮聚合的方法合成了接技型MACS树脂,研究了各种因素对合成反应的影响以及产物的流变性和力学性能。     

PE氯化接枝St/AN共聚共混物研究

采用固相法对聚乙烯(PE)进行氯化接枝苯乙烯/丙烯腈(St/AN)单体,制得了改性氯化聚乙烯(CPE)材料。探讨了氯化反应温度、氯含量、引发剂过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)用量和单体配比对聚合物力学性能的影响,实验中还对PE接枝了不同单体,结果表明,采用二段温度(70℃,120℃)法,氯质量分数为35%,BPO加入质量为0.24g,m(St)/m(AN)为1:1时,可制得力学性能较好的CPE材料。极性单体MA、AN及St的加入提高了CPE材料的拉伸强度。     

乙烯基硅烷改性丙烯酸酯乳液的合成及性能研究

采用种子乳液聚合法制备了经乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(VTES)改性,具有核壳结构的甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)/丙烯酸丁酯(BA)/丙烯腈(AN)复合耐水硅丙乳液,研究了VTES用量对乳液及乳液胶膜性能的影响。结果表明:乳胶膜吸水率受有机硅VTES的影响很小;随着VTES用量增大,乳胶膜力学性能及其保持率都升高;当VTES用量为5%时,乳液及乳液胶膜的综合性能最好。     

低毒改性SBS胶粘剂的研究

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯腈(AN)和丙烯酸丁酯(BA)作为接枝单体,对SBS进行接枝改性。在SBS主链上引入极性基团后[1],提高了SBS胶粘剂对极性材料的粘接性能;改善了与纳米碳酸钙(nCaCO3)粒子的相容性。探讨了接枝聚合工艺条件及各组分加入量对胶粘剂性能的影响。结果表明,以120#汽油、碳酸二甲酯(DMC)、乙酸乙酯(EAC)为混合溶剂,加入5.3%的AN、0.45%的CHP、4.5%的MMA与BA混合物(mMMA:mBA=3:1)、2.4%的nCaCO3,制备的接枝改性胶粘剂综合性能良好。     

核壳型聚丙烯酸酯乳液的耐水性能研究

采用种子乳液二阶段聚合法,制备了经丙烯酸(AA)/丙烯酰胺(AM)交联、具有核壳结构的甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)/丙烯酸丁酯(BA)/丙烯腈(AN)复合乳液,研究了核壳软硬单体比、AN及壳层中交联单体AM含量对乳胶膜吸水率的影响。结果表明:乳胶膜吸水率主要受壳层软硬单体比例的影响,软硬单体比值越小,乳胶膜的吸水率越低;丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺复合交联剂对乳胶膜吸水率的影响不明显;功能单体丙烯腈可明显降低乳胶膜的吸水率,乳胶膜吸水率随丙烯腈含量的增加而逐渐降低,最低达到9.40%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.