柑橘类水果品质与施肥

介绍近年来世界柑橘产量与柑橘种植需要的地理自然环境,柑橘所需要的主要营养成分及各营养元素对柑橘产量及品质的影响,结合柑橘主要生产区美国和巴西的种植,提出柑橘科学平衡施肥的建议。     

不同施肥次数对西瓜产量和品质的影响

以西瓜为研究对象,在同等施肥量的条件下,开展了不同施肥次数对西瓜生长影响的田间试验。试验结果表明,采取先施足底肥,然后在膨瓜期进行一次追肥的施肥方式效果最好,不仅坐果率、产量、品质及植株生长都可达到较优的状态,而且可达到提质、增产、节省劳动力的目的。     

施肥对作物品质及人类健康的影响

概述了施肥对作物品质的影响及与人类健康的关系,并提出了今后应予以加强的研究方向,为进一步开展土壤植物营养与农产品品质的研究提供参考。     

锌肥有效施用的土壤条件研究

通过田间试验、相关分析研究了松嫩平原黑土和黑钙土的锌肥有效施用条件。结果表明 :当土壤 p H>7.2、石灰含量 >3.9%、砂粒含量 >40 %、代换量 <15 cm ol/ kg、有机质含量 <2 %、土壤有效锌含量低于缺锌临界值0 .8m g/ kg时 ,施用锌肥具有明显的增产效果。而在高磷情况下会降低土壤锌有效性 ,易引起玉米缺锌加重。吉单10 1和四单 8两个玉米品种对锌缺乏最为敏感。     

不同施肥措施对芹菜品质和生理性状的影响

为明确应用不同施肥措施对甘肃省永登县芹菜品质和生理性状的影响,于2019年～2020年在芹菜单施化肥(T)、有机肥配施化肥(YTF1/2)、单施有机肥(YTF)三个处理措施下,检测芹菜各项品质指标和生理性状,以期在减少化肥施用的同时提高芹菜的品质和生理性状.结果表明:2019年芹菜长势相比2020年芹菜长势较好.芹菜V...     

套餐施肥对莲花白生长、品质及产量的影响

探讨了黄腐酸套餐施肥A、不含黄腐酸套餐施肥B和常规施肥C对莲花白（Brassica oleracea L.var. capitata）生长,品质及产量的影响,旨在为蔬菜作物套餐施肥提供理论依据和可行性方案。结果表明：莲花白莲座期,套餐施肥A与常规施肥C相比,叶宽、茎粗、鲜重、地上部鲜重,分别增宽12.59%、增粗6.77%、增重34.23%、增重42.44%;套餐施肥B与常规施肥C相比SPAD有显著差异,SPAD值提高6.83%。莲花白结球期,套餐施肥A与常规施肥C相比,地上鲜重、包心鲜重,分别增重71.25%、73.66%;套餐施肥B与常规施肥C相比,地上鲜重、包心鲜重分别增重67.25%、56.42%。莲花白成熟期,套餐施肥A Vc、可溶性糖、地上鲜重、包心鲜重比常规施肥C分别增多8.28 mg/kg、2.21 mg/kg,分别增重28.97%、54.90%;套餐施肥B Vc、可溶性糖、地上鲜重、包心鲜重比常规施肥C分别增多2.41 mg/kg、0.98 mg/kg,分别增重20.56%、39.22%。     

平衡施肥对莴笋产量和品质的效应研究

采用田间试验研究了不同氮磷钾配比及其与硝酸盐复合控制剂配施对莴笋产量和品质的影响。结果表明,不同施肥处理莴笋产量有显著差异,BNPK处理莴笋产量最高,HNP处理最低,HNK+C2和HNK+C3处理使莴笋增产6.2%和4.1%。HNK配施硝酸盐复合控制剂对莴笋茎硝酸盐的降低幅度较大。综合产量和品质,以HNK+C2处理效果最好。     

FA旱地龙对柑桔品质和产量的影响

FA旱地龙是一种多功能植物生长抗旱营养剂,具有节水抗旱,保花保果增产的效果。本文拟就FA早地龙在柑桔上的试验结果,探讨FA旱地龙对柑桔品质和产量的影响及其使用技术,为柑桔大面积使用FA旱地龙提供依据和使用技术。     

柑橘疮痂病的防治

柑橘疮痂病又名癞头疤、钉子果,是柑橘的重要病害之一,对柑橘的产量和品质影响较大。一、症状此病害主要危害柑橘叶片、新梢和果实的幼嫩组织。果实受害,初产生油渍状黄褐色圆形小斑点,逐渐扩大,变成蜡黄色。后病斑木栓化隆起,并向叶背突出     

不同施肥方式对水稻生长、养分吸收和品质的影响

研究不同施肥方式对田间水稻生长、养分吸收和品质的影响。结果表明,施肥能显著提高水稻产量,增产幅度在7.62%~41.90%,NPK与有机肥配合施用、施用控释肥分别增产31.75%和41.90%,氮磷钾对水稻增产作用NKP。氮肥农学利用率以缓控释肥处理最高,达11.08 kg/kg,氮肥利用率最高与最低相差31.10%;氮磷钾施肥+有机肥处理和控释肥处理田面水中速效氮含量显著低于其他处理,稻米品质最好。     

Phosphorus and potassium soil test and nitrogen leaf analysis as a base for citrus fertilization

A network of six NPK long-term field trials was carried out on different soils of citrus-producing regions of São Paulo state, Brazil, in order to estimate quantitative relations of fruit yield to NPK fertilization and to determine parameters for fertilizer recommendation based on soil testing and leaf analysis. The experiments were set up in an incomplete factorial design 1/2 4³ with 32 treatments, with four yearly rates of N (30, 100, 170 and 240 kg N/ha), P (9, 27, 45 and 63 kg P/ha) and K (25, 91, 157 and 223 kg K/ha). Four to seven harvests were recorded for the six experiments. Response surfaces of the type y = bo + b₁N + b₁₁N² + b₂P + b₂₂P² + b₃K + b₃₃K² + b₁₂NP + b₁₃NK + b₂₃PK were adjusted to the average yields of each trial. Correlation were established for yield increases, expressed as relative yields, and results of soil analysis of P and K, and leaf analysis of N. Soil samples taken at 0-20 cm depth in the beginning of each experiment were analyzed for resin extractable P and exchangeable K using an ion-exchange resin procedure. Yield responses for phosphorus and potassium applications were observed respectively in soils with less than 20 mg dm^-3 of P and 20 mmol_c dm^-3 of K⁺. Yield responses to nitrogen were related to the total content of nitrogen in leaves, being largest for N values of 23 g kg^-1 and smallest for N of 28 kg^-1. With these field information, a practical approach for fertilizer recommendation for citrus, based on soil analysis for P and K and leaf analysis for N, was developed.     

施肥对土壤理化性状及玉米产量的影响

通过10年研究化肥与根茬、秸秆和有机肥定量配比施肥对土壤肥力、养分平衡及玉米产量的影响,结果表明:玉米单施化肥产量下降了7.9%;化肥 根茬产量持平;化肥 根茬 秸秆,土壤肥力和玉米产量同步上升,玉米增产17.1%;化肥 根茬 有机肥效果更佳,土壤肥力指标均上升,玉米增产32.1%。这对制定科学合理的培肥地力施肥措施,建立高产、优质、低耗的培肥制度,具有十分重要的意义。     

Available N in the root area for citrus orchards fertilized with sulphur-coated-urea and ammonium nitro-sulphate

The leaching of N fertilizers in citrus causes important N losses, thus exerting a direct influence on the economy of citrus production, and may have negative consequences on the environment. The use of controlled-release N fertilizers may reduce leaching and be a solution to this problem.The amounts of available N, expressed as g of N in a soil cylinder corresponding to the drip area of the tree and of 0–60 cm depth, were compared at different vegetative periods, in an orange orchard, for four treatments; two doses of a standard fertilizer (ammonium nitrate sulphate, ANS), applied in the quantities of 11.55 kg N/ha (ANS-350) and 49.50 kg N/ha (ANS-2×750) and two doses of a slow-release fertilizer (sulphur-coated urea, SCU), applied in the quantities of 11.55 kg N/ha (SCU-350) and 24.25 kg N/ha (SCU-750), in nine consecutive years. A treatment without N (no N) was included. Available total N throughout the whole of the vegetative cycle, and in partial critical periods, has been determined as another comparison term. In the same way, non-available N has been measured at the beginning and at the end of the experiment.SCU treatment applied in low doses and only in spring maintained high levels of available N in soil during the vegetative cycle, reducing N losses, compared with ANS treatments. In the whole annual cycle, the amounts of N with SCU-750 were 32% greater than those of ANS-(2×750) though the quantity of N applied with this treatment was double. SCU-350 provided 5% less N than ANS-(2×750), though the dose of N applied with this treatment was 4.3 times greater. In all critical periods, SCU-750 maintained quantities of N higher than those with ANS-(2×750). For SCU-350, the amounts of N were similar to those of ANS-(2×750), except in summer as a consequence of the second fertilization with ANS-(2×750). Non-available N increased during the experiment in all treatments providing N except in ANS-350. A good crop and quality of fruits were obtained with SCU treatments, which in conjuntion with the reduction in dosage and rates justified its application.     

柑桔及土壤中(口恶)唑菌酮的残留分析方法

采用乙腈提取,硅胶柱层析净化,HPLC紫外228nm检测,研究了柑桔和土壤中唑菌酮的残留分析方法。结果表明,该方法回收率为76.81%￣106.87%,变异系数在3.27%￣6.69%之间,对唑菌酮的最小检出量为1.0×10-9g,在土壤、桔皮和桔肉中的最低检出浓度分别为0.02、0.04、0.02mg/kg。     

测土施肥的技术方法

测土施肥是国家推广的施肥技术。介绍测土施肥技术方法,包括:土壤样品采集方法,样品缩分分析,确定土壤能提供的养分量及土壤养分校正系数,确定目标产量及肥料养分利用率,最终确定作物施肥量。并举实例计算某作物的适宜施肥量。     

测土配方施肥技术

根据农业试验和生产实践,指出了进行测土配方施肥所需的基础地力、目标产量、土壤养分临界值、土壤养分利用率、作物单位产量的养分需要量、肥料利用率等方面基础数据的常见值,以及小麦、玉米、水稻3种主要作物的经验施肥量和肥料运筹模式,对叶面肥的作用和有关注意事项作了简要说明.     

Effect of phosphorus fertilization on Zn and Cd contents in soil and corn plants

The main purpose of the trial established in 1965/66 has been to monitor the effect the use of NPK fertilizers has on yields of cultivated plants and the maintenance of soil fertility. The trial which included 20 fertilization treatments, covers a total of 8 ha and is divided into four fields (2 ha each), where four crop species (wheat, corn, sugar beet, and sunflower) are grown in rotation. The effect of a continuous use of increasing P fertilizer rates on Zn and Cd contents in the soil and corn plants were monitored in 5 different fertilization treatments from the above trial on a chernozem soil. The application of increasing P rates did not decrease the content of available Zn in the soil. However, the uptake of Zn by corn plants (stalk and leaves) was significantly higher in the unfertilized check plot than plots fertilized with increasing P rates. Although P fertilizers are considered a major anthropogenic source of soil pollution with Cd, we found that during the 30-year trial there was no significant increase in the plots treated with 50, 100 and 150 kg P2O5 ha-1 in comparation to the unfertilized check plot.