基于稀疏表示的目标跟踪方法

提出了一个新的基于稀疏表示的目标跟踪方法。在粒子滤波框架下,将目标模板线性表示为所有目标候选的线性组合。当假设目标候选中存在与目标模板相似的候选时,线性表示的系数满足稀疏性约束,可以通过L1范式最小化求解。每一个目标候选在线性表示中的系数反映了该候选与目标模板的相似程度,因此可以将系数作为目标候选的权重。目标跟踪的结果为权重最大的候选。实验结果表明本文提出的算法比文献中现有的基于L1范式最小化的跟踪方法性能更稳定、计算效率更高。     

光照变化下基于稀疏表示的视觉跟踪算法研究

为提高光照变化下目标跟踪算法的精度和鲁棒性,基于稀疏表示理论,提出一种光照补偿和多任务稀疏表示联合优化算法。该算法首先根据目标模板与候选目标的平均亮度差异对目标模板光照补偿,而后利用候选目标构建过完备字典以稀疏表示光照补偿后的目标模板,并将所得问题转化为一个多任务优化问题,然后利用所得稀疏编码矩阵快速剔除无关候选目标,最后基于重构误差对剩余候选目标进行局部结构化评估,进而实现目标的精确跟踪。实验结果表明,与现有主流算法相比,剧烈光照变化情况下,所提方法可显著改善目标跟踪精度及鲁棒性。     

基于局部敏感核稀疏表示的视频跟踪

为了解决l1范数约束下的稀疏表示判别信息不足的问题,该文提出基于局部敏感核稀疏表示的视频目标跟踪算法。为了提高目标的线性可分性,首先将候选目标的SIFT特征通过高斯核函数映射到高维核空间,然后在高维核空间中求解局部敏感约束下的核稀疏表示,将核稀疏表示经过多尺度最大值池化得到候选目标的表示,最后将候选目标的表示代入在线的SVMs,选择分类器得分最大的候选目标作为目标的跟踪位置。实验结果表明,由于利用了核稀疏表示下数据的局部性信息,使得算法的鲁棒性得到一定程度的提高。     

光照变化下基于逆向稀疏表示的视觉跟踪方法

针对光照变化引起目标跟踪性能显著下降的问题,该文提出一种联合优化光照补偿和多任务逆向稀疏表示的视觉跟踪方法。首先基于模板与候选目标的平均亮度差异对模板实施光照补偿,并利用候选目标逆向稀疏表示光照补偿后的模板。而后将所得多个关于单模板的优化问题转化为一个关于多模板的多任务优化问题,并利用交替迭代方法求解此多任务优化问题以获得最优光照补偿系数矩阵以及稀疏编码矩阵。最后利用所得稀疏编码矩阵快速剔除无关候选目标,并采用局部结构化评估方法实现目标精确跟踪。仿真结果表明,与现有主流算法相比,剧烈光照变化情况下,所提方法可显著改善目标跟踪精度及稳健性。

     

基于图像签名算法的视觉目标跟踪算法北大核心CSCD

针对视觉目标跟踪算法中存在的快速运动、尺度变化、形变和遮挡问题,提出基于图像签名算法的视觉目标跟踪算法。该算法以相关滤波算法为基础,通过多种特征构建目标的外观模型,提高了算法的跟踪精确度和稳健性;为了解决严重遮挡情况下的目标重定位问题,利用图像签名算法计算图像的稀疏显著性区域,获取候选目标的位置,通过分类器对候选目标进行重排名,实现目标重定位;采用尺度池策略和自适应模板更新策略,解决跟踪中的尺度变化问题和跟踪漂移问题。利用标准数据集测试所提算法的性能,结果表明,所提算法在跟踪成功率和精确度上均优于传统的相关滤波算法,能较好地解决快速运动、尺度变化、形变和遮挡情况下的目标跟踪问题。     

融合局部加权余弦与稀疏表示的目标跟踪算法

针对目标跟踪算法的鲁棒性难题,在粒子滤波框架下提出基于联合模型的目标跟踪算法。首先,由局部加权余弦相似对目标模板和候选目标进行匹配,其中的局部加权算法增加了未受遮挡、形变等影响的候选目标的权重;其次,通过对目标区域局部图像块稀疏编码来表示目标观测模型,其中字典不进行更新,重建误差的构建考虑了局部图像块之间的空间布局;最后,利用最大后验概率估计目标状态。联合模型将目标的当前状态和原始状态都考虑在内,提高了观测模型的可靠性。实验结果表明,该算法具有较强的鲁棒性。     

基于随机投影和稀疏表示的跟踪算法

针对目标跟踪过程中存在的诸多技术问题,该文提出一种鲁棒的目标跟踪方法。首先,该文采用基于稀疏表示的全局模板描述目标的表观状态,通过构造正负模板以区分目标和背景;然后采用随机投影法对表示模板和候选目标进行降维,以降低算法的时间复杂度;采用粒子滤波法作为目标的运动模型,通过多项式重采样方法进行粒子重采样,以保持粒子的多样性;设计了正负模板更新策略,将正模板分为固定集和更新集,对这两部分在相似度计算和正模板更新时采取不同的处理方法,并且在其中加入目标遮挡的判决机制,从而可以有效避免遮挡的影响;实验结果表明,该算法能够准确跟踪受遮挡、运动模糊等多种复杂场景的目标,与现有跟踪方法相比,所提算法具有更好的准确性和稳定性。     

基于稀疏表示的红外小目标跟踪

针对云天背景下红外小目标跟踪易受噪声影响,传统目标模型对噪声敏感等问题,提出一种贝叶斯推理框架下使用稀疏表示建模红外小目标的跟踪算法。该算法结合目标模板向量和正负琐碎向量构建目标稀疏表示模型,在贝叶斯推理框架下使用图像子块系数向量的目标模板重构误差作为观测模型,实现小目标的跟踪。实验证明了算法的有效性和鲁棒性。     

基于局部结构变换域稀疏外观模型的目标跟踪

[目的]为了降低稀疏表示目标跟踪算法的计算复杂度,[方法]在粒子滤波框架下提出了基于局部结构变换域稀疏外观模型的视觉目标跟踪算法.[结果]该算法在目标区域附近提取重叠的局部图像块,并计算出所有局部图像块的二维离散余弦变换,获得图像块的变换域系数.变换域的能量集中特性被采用来降低字典的维度与候选样本的数量,并且对系数压缩一定的自由度可以抑制噪声与遮挡影响.采用被裁剪的样本与字典获得局部图像块的稀疏编码,然后将当前目标区域中所有小图像块的稀疏向量加权融合得到目标区域的稀疏表示值,并通过决策模型获取最优跟踪结果.与现有三种最新的跟踪算法比较的实验结果表明,[结论]所提算法的跟踪性能接近或超过对比算法,同时大大减小了f1范数最小化的计算复杂度.     

基于多模板匹配的双模型自适应相关滤波跟踪算法

为有效提升目标跟踪的精确度和实时性,设计了基于多模板匹配的双模型自适应相关滤波跟踪算法。对多模板匹配模型与核相关滤波跟踪模型参数进行初始化处理：多模板匹配模型选取得分函数作为模板与候选样本间匹配准则,通过候选样本得分获取最佳目标,更新多模板后,通过形变多样相似性实现多模板匹配;核相关滤波跟踪模型利用所采集目标样本数据建立循环矩阵,通过训练核化岭回归分类器获取核相关滤波器,并获取响应置信图,再利用响应置信图获取下一帧图像目标位置。通过自适应融合策略获取两个模型所估计目标位置,再采用金字塔尺度估计策略估计目标尺度变化,通过不断更新各模型参数实现目标精准跟踪。实验结果表明,在目标受遮挡或旋转、光照变化等复杂环境下,该算法的中心跟踪误差均低于15 dpi,平均跟踪精确度均高于98%,且目标定位时间低于100 ms,说明该算法在跟踪精确度和实时性上具有明显的应用优势。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks