CTAB/丁醇/庚烷/水四组分微乳液稳定性研究及BaF2纳米粉体制备

本文用CTAB/丁醇/庚烷/水四组分微乳液体系沉淀制备纳米BaF2.研究了体系中丁醇和CTAB的质量比、庚烷质量、含水量及溶质对微乳液体系稳定性和产物BaF2沉淀粒径、分布的影响.稳定的Ba(NO3)2微乳液和NH4F微乳液混合制得10nm的BaF2颗粒,单分散性好,颗粒呈球形.BaF2粒径大小和分布随CTAB和水质量比值的增大而减小.     

LAS与聚醚复合乳液体系中苯乙烯的聚合

苯乙烯的初始浓度为36.33%时,在十二烷基笨磺酸钠(LAS)/聚醚复合乳液体系中制备了粒径在90.1nm、多分散系数在0.1的聚苯乙烯纳米微球.用红外光谱仪、透射电子显微镜、Zeta电位粒度仪对产物的化学结构,粒径大小、形貌,单分散性进行了表征.研究了体系中各组分质量浓度的改变对产物粒径及单分散性的影响.     

含抗坏血酸分散聚合体系制备单分散聚苯乙烯微球

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为稳定剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,乙醇和水为分散介质,用分散聚合法制备单分散大粒径聚苯乙烯微球.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、离心式粒度分析仪(PSA)对微球的外观形貌、粒径大小及分布进行了表征.实验表明,介质的特性对聚合物微球的单分散性及粒径分布有显著影响.     

单分散双功能化复合二氧化硅微球的可控合成

在水溶液中,以硫氰基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(TCPTES)为前驱体,氨水为催化剂,合成了TC-SiO_2聚倍半硅氧烷微球。进一步以TC-SiO_2微球为核,用脲丙基三乙氧基硅烷(UDPTES)在其表面进行溶胶-凝胶反应,制备了TC-SiO_2@U-SiO_2双功能化核壳结构复合微球。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、热重(TG)对所得微球的形貌、结构及性能进行了表征。实验结果表明,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)的用量和包覆时间对所得双功能化微球TC-SiO_2@U-SiO_2的粒径和形貌有着重要影响。当CTAB为30mg,水、乙醇分别为20mL和7mL,TC-SiO_2球为40mg,氨水为0.3mL,UDPTES为0.6mL时,室温下反应20h,可制得粒径630~690nm且分散性良好的TC-SiO_2@U-SiO_2微球。     

球形纳米氧化钇粉体的制备工艺

以尿素为沉淀剂,Y(NO_3)_3为钇源,选用不同表面活性剂,采用均相沉淀法成功制备不同粒径的球形纳米氧化钇粉体(Y_2O_3);研究反应时间、反应温度、反应物浓度、表面活性剂类型及用量对Y_2O_3形貌及粒径的影响;通过激光粒度Zeta电位仪、SEM对样品进行表征。结果表明,反应时间、反应物浓度、表面活性剂、反应温度会影响粉体的分散性及粒径大小;CTAB与PEG-4000复合使用,可显著减小Y_2O_3的粒径,提高粉体分散性,得到的氧化钇粒径大小约为50 nm。     

反胶束体系中聚吡咯/氯化银纳米复合粒子的合成与表征

利用阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)形成的反胶束作为微反应器合成了聚吡咯-氯化银(PPy/AgCl)纳米复合粒子.考察了吡咯/硝酸银、正己醇/水的比例的变化对PPy/AgCl纳米复合粒子的粒径大小和粒子形貌的影响,并利用TEM、SEM、FTIR、XRD和激光光散射粒度分析仪对产物进行了表征.结果显示,PPy/AgCl纳米粒子的粒径在40-60nm之间,改变合成条件可以进行自组装.FTIR和XRD显示复合物中含有PPy.因氯化银的存在,导致复合物的红外光谱向低波数方向移动.该实验结果同时表明,反胶束法可以有效地应用于有机/无机纳米复合粒子的制备.     

单分散Eu~(3+)-PS荧光微球的制备及性能

采用分散聚合法研究了单分散纳米聚苯乙烯(PS)微球和宽稀土含量荧光PS微球的合成。在沸水排氧条件下,分别研究了单分散纳米PS微球、稀土配合物(Eu(MAA)3phen)与苯乙烯(St)共聚微球的合成和反应体系稳定性控制,成功制备出了粒径范围在120~260 nm的单分散PS微球及Eu~(3+)-PS共聚物荧光微球,拓宽了分散聚合制备PS微球的粒径范围。采用红外光谱、同步热分析、扫描电镜和透射电镜对产物的结构进行了表征,紫外光谱和荧光光谱对产物的光学性能进行了测试。结果表明产物的单分散性良好,具有Eu~(3+)离子的特征荧光发射。     

改进Stober法制备光子晶体用SiO2微球

为获得光子晶体用单分散性较好、表面光滑的SiO2球形颗粒.对传统Stober法进行改进,分析了氨水和正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)浓度对SiO2微球粒径的影响,提出了单分散SiO2微球的形成机理,利用X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品结构和形貌进行了表征.XRD分析表明,合成的SiO2微球为无定形态;SEM照片显示SiO2微球粒径在292～750nm范围内,微球粒径偏差均在5%以下.     

无皂乳液共聚制备纳米微球

自制了苯乙烯单封端的聚乙烯醇(PEG)大分子单体,使其与苯乙烯进行无皂乳液聚合,进而制得了单分散的纳米微球.通过核磁共振和傅里叶红外光谱表征了大分子单体及共聚物的组成,用透射电子显微镜和激光光散射观察了微球的形态、直径和分布.并考察了大分子单体用量、引发剂用量和反应温度对微球粒径的影响.结果表明,增加乳液中大分子单体和引发剂的用量,提高聚合反应温度,可以控制微球的粒径大小,得到最小直径约为41nm的纳米微球,该微球保持较好的球形和单分散性.     

单分散纳米Pd的简易加热合成及对甲醛的电催化氧化

以PdCl2为金属前驱体,在水-乙醇混合体系内,添加微量的CTAB,简易加热合成单分散纳米Pd粒子,用XRD和TEM等技术进行了表征,考察了PdCl2/CTAB组成对纳米粒子形貌和尺寸的影响,通过循环伏安法对纳米Pd粒子修饰玻碳电极对甲醛的电催化活性进行了研究。结果表明,通过改变PdCl2/CTAB组成可以调控纳米Pd粒子的粒径和形貌;当PdCl2与CTAB的物质的量之比为1∶21、于(70±1)℃反应3h时,得到呈单分散性的多边形纳米钯粒子,粒径为(8±1)nm,它对甲醛有较高的电催化活性。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...