多标准视频硬件解码器的存储器地址映射方法

提出了一种支持多标准视频的存储器地址映射方法,用一个简洁的公式把视频图像映射到DDR SDRAM的存储空间.该方法兼顾运动补偿模块、去块效应滤波模块(或重建模块)和显示模块的不同需求特点,通过充分减少DDR SDRAM非读写命令的额外延时,达到较高的存储器接口效率.     

基于SDRAM缓存的实时视频图像几何校正系统

采用基于后向映射查找表结构的几何校正算法,结合双线性插值算法和SDRAM的时序特性,利用FPGA内部存储资源设计了一个特殊的Cache来缓存图像数据,等效实现了对SDRAM缓存图像四邻域像素的快速随机读取.该方法处理延时小、实时性强、成本低,可实现高分辨率视频图像的实时几何校正,对不同畸变视频图像校正,只需修改映射查找表.     

基于AMBA总线的DDR2 SDRAM控制器研究与实现

随着大规模集成电路和高速、低功耗、高密度存贮技术的发展,DDR存贮器业已成为PC内存的主流技术.作为第二代DDR存贮器DDR2预取位数是普通DDR的两倍.因此DDR2 SDRAM将取代DDR SDRAM的主流地位.本文对DDR2存贮技术进行了探讨,并讨论了DDR2 SDRAM和DDR SDRAM的区别以及设计时应注意的问题,设计了一个基于AMBA总线的DDR2 SDRAM控制器并提出了一种数据顺序预读取机制,使得DDR2 SDRAM的访问效率大大提高.     

视频格式转换系统中DDR控制器设计

提出了面向高清的视频格式转换系统,设计了一种基于状态机且适用于视频格式转换的DDR SDRAM控制器系统结构和状态转移控制流程.该控制器能实现2片DDR SDRAM乒乓读写切换,完成整个视频的传输.最后对控制器的电路进行了仿真,并在Xilinx的Spartan3E系列上实现了DDR SDRAM的连续读写,为集成电路技术...     

实时视频采集系统的SDRAM控制器设计

描述了一种在PAL→VGA的实时视频采集系统中图像数据处理的方法.针对实时视频采集系统一般使用2片SDRAM进行乒乓缓存的方式,给出一种使用一片SDRAM的不同BANK进行乒乓操作的相对容易实现的SDRAM控制器设计方法.该方法通过充分利用SDRAM的切换BANK存取操作并采用指令计数的方式进行读写状态转换,在PAL→VGA实时视频采集系统中实现了利用一片SDRAM进行图像缓存.它在实时视频采集系统中图像数据处理方面,具有良好的应用价值.     

利用重新排序型控制器提升DDR SDRAM的效率

高速双倍数据速率(DDR)SDRAM厂商一般均使用峰值数据传输速率来制定器件规格.比如,如果某厂商把产品命名为DDR3-1600,则意味着该厂商将规定该SDRAM器件的峰值传输速率定为1,600 MT/s.     

基于FPGA的DDR SDRAM控制器在高速数据采集系统中的应用

实现数据的高速大容量存储是数据采集系统中的一项关键技术。本设计采用Altera公司Cyclone系列的FPGA完成了对DDR SDRAM的控制，以状态机来描述对DDR SDRAM的各种时序操作，设计了DDR SDRAM的数据与命令接口。用控制核来简化对DDR SDRAM的操作，并采用自顶至下模块化的设计方法，将控制核嵌入到整个数据采集系统的控制模块中，完成了数据的高速采集、存储及上传。使用开发软件QuartusⅡ中内嵌的逻辑分析仪Signal TapⅡ对控制器的工作流程进行了验证和调试。最终采集到的数据波形表明，完成了对DDR SDRAM的突发读写操作，达到了预期设计的目标。     

高性能大带宽存储器--DDR SDRAM DIMM设计指南

DDR SDRAM的功能 SDR和DDR SDRAM都是同步存储器,所有的命令和数据都与时钟上升沿同步.通过同时利用数据选通脉冲的上升和下降沿,DDR SDRAM数据的传输速率能够达到SDR SDRAM的两倍.SDR和DDR内部都采用四组结构,并且具有同样的寻址方式和刷新速率.DDR的关键优势在于源同步数据获取,两倍预取结构以及2.5V的稳定SSTL_2接口.DDR还采用了差分时钟(CK,CK#),以及新的数据选通(DQS)和数据屏蔽(DM)/时钟使能(CKE)信号.     

基于比特重排的减少机顶盒芯片DDR接口SSN的方法

封装电感引起的SSN(Simultaneous Switching Noise,同步开关噪音)效应阻碍低成本QFP(Quad Flat Package,四方型扁平式封装)封装的机顶盒芯片的DDR SDRAM(Double Data Rate Static Random Access Memory,双速率静态随机访问存储器,DDR)接口的传输频率.本文利用视频数据的相关性,及DDR颗粒的数据比特可以任意交换的特点,提出对DDR接口数据进行数据比特重排的方法来降低SSN效应.视频解码器使用到的数据在二维空间上高度相关.在DDR接口版图设计时将高比特位的数据与低比特位的数据在空间上交错放置,可使得DDR接口的电流分布更加平衡,减少通过封装寄生电感的平均电流,最终减少SSN.本文提出的方法成功用于台积电55rm工艺高清机顶盒芯片的设计.QFP封装的样片的DDR接口传输速率达到1066Mbps.     

DDR SDRAM控制器的设计与实现

在分析DDR SDRAM基本特征的基础上,按照JEDEC DDR SDRAM规范提出了一个详细的DDR SDRAM控制器的设计方案.该方案采用Verilog HDL硬件描述语言实现,集成到高速SoC芯片中,然后使用Synopsys VCS对该控制器进行仿真,并在Stratix-Ⅱ开发板进行了FPGA验证.在阐述该控制器设计原理的基础上,进行模块划分和具体设计,提出了高效、稳定的处理方案,最后通过仿真和FPGA验证确保了设计的正确性.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks